sport and the arts without tobacco 31 may 1996 play … · fore that world no-tobacco day 1996...

NO-TOBACCOWORLDDAY

W O R L D H E A L T H O R G A N I Z A T I O N

31 MAY 1996SPORT AND THE ARTS WITHOUT TOBACCOP L A Y I T T O B A C C O F R E E ! 31 MAY 1996SPORT AND THE ARTS WITHOUT TOBACCOP L A Y I T T O B A C C O F R E E !

MEDIA KIT CONTENTS

The various events organized on World No-Tobacco Day in individual countries serve as good materialfor media coverage: they can be filmed, described in radio interviews, photographed or reported innewspapers, and they can also be used as background for press articles or for radio and TV broadcast.

To help you publicize this event, WHO has compiled the following materials whichyou will find in this kit:

➤ Message from the Director-General of the World Health Organization➤ Joint declaration from IOC, UNESCO and WHO➤ Health hazards of tobacco: some facts➤ Ending the exploitation of sport and arts to promote tobacco products➤ Some examples of sponsorship of sport and arts by tobacco companies➤ Breaking free from tobacco company sponsorships➤ Lobbying for lives: Political action for tobacco-free sport and arts➤ Financing health promotion through sport and arts sponsorship➤ Using sport and arts to play it tobacco-free: Some low budget successes➤ WHO commends smoke-free Olympics and calls on all international sports events to be smoke-free➤ Selected list of WHO publications on tobacco or health➤ Who to contact in IOC, UNESCO and WHO

VISUAL MATERIAL➤ Photo sheet➤ Poster➤ Sticker

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31 MAY 1996SPORT AND THE ARTS WITHOUT TOBACCOP L A Y I T T O B A C C O F R E E !

MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERALOF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

healthy lifestyle should be “smoke-free”.Communities and societies express themselves

through their arts and culture. Promoting good healthand a tobacco-free lifestyle in conjunction withcultural and artistic events will contribute not onlyto improving people’s health but also to giving fullexpression to the creativity and vitality of differentgroups and cultures.

We also want to promote “sport for all” as theright for all human beings to participate in sport andphysical activities for recreation and to improvetheir health and well-being. Regular physical activ-ity is vital for good health: it provides protectionfrom a wide variety of physical and mental ailments.Physical fitness and good health, however, can beruined by tobacco use. It is estimated that about halfof the adolescents who start smoking cigarettes andcontinue throughout their lives will eventually diefrom tobacco-related diseases. Not only smoking butall forms of tobacco consumption are extremelyhazardous.

Unfortunately, the tobacco industry has geared itsefforts towards developing positive images for its prod-ucts through extensive sponsorship of sports and culturalpersonalities, organizations and events. In many coun-tries, sport and the arts rely heavily on sponsorship fromcommercial enterprises, and tobacco companies areamong the main sponsors. In many cases, sports andcultural events, which should celebrate good health,physical prowess, intellectual freedom and cultural inde-

pendence are cynically used asan opportunity to promote ad-dictive and hazardous productsamong the young.

The lives and accomplishments of sports heroes,leading actors, musicians and other artists are highlyvisible and attract widespread interest all around theworld. Young people in particular look to sports starsand art performers as role models. It is fitting there-fore that World No-Tobacco Day 1996 should bededicated to the theme Sport and the arts withouttobacco. Athletes and artists can lead the way inpromoting healthy lifestyles where tobacco use is nolonger the social norm.

Every year, World No-Tobacco Day is a specialoccasion for the World Health Organization andpeople from all its Member States to call attention tothe harm that results from tobacco use. It is also a daywhen governments, communities, groups and indi-viduals together explore the ways through whichthey can stem the tobacco epidemic, and especiallyprevent young people from becoming addicted tothis harmful substance. We applaud those individu-als who have already given up tobacco use, andencourage those who still use tobacco to make aspecial effort to finally break free from this depend-ence.

World No-Tobacco Day 1996 is co-sponsored bythe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cul-tural Organization (UNESCO) and the InternationalOlympic Committee (IOC). These organizations havewelcomed the initiative of combining sport and thearts to promote, jointly with WHO, the prevention oftobacco use. They too have fully realized the impor-tance of athletes and artists asrole models who can convincethe public in general and youngpeople in particular that a

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In contrast, tobacco-free sports and cultural eventsare ideal venues to promote good health and healthylifestyles. Alliances must be forged between thepublic, the health sector and all those who are activeand interested in sports and the arts to sponsor sportsand cultural organizations so that these no longerneed to depend on tobacco sponsorship.

This has been done in many places around theworld as illustrated by the examples attached in thisMedia Kit. Health organizations can sponsor sport-ing and cultural activities, and in so doing createmajor opportunities to convey their health promo-tion messages in novel and effective ways. Suchsponsorship, however, requires resources. Some gov-ernments have generated new revenue for this pur-

31 MAY 1996WORLD NO-TOBACCO DAY

pose by increasing taxes on tobacco products, ameasure which has also helped to decrease tobaccoconsumption.

The sponsorship of sports and the arts by tobaccocompanies is now widely recognized as ethicallyunacceptable. More and more people and communi-ties are giving precedence to health and being ableto live in a tobacco-free environment. With all thepeople and sectors concerned, WHO will work topromote tobacco-free events which celebrate goodhealth together with excellence in sports and thearts - a winning combination for all!

Dr Hiroshi NakajimaDirector-General

JOINT DECLARATIONOF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (IOC),

THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO),AND THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)

Good health cannot be taken for granted; its protection and improvementdepend on the active involvement of individuals and communities in manydifferent activities. The promotion of a tobacco-free environment is one suchactivity and the encouragement of cultural, sporting and artistic events is another.They go together naturally to add vitality and happiness to our lives.

Each in our own areas of competence, IOC, UNESCO and WHO are workingfor human well-being and friendship through sports, culture and health. WorldNo-Tobacco Day 1996 gives us a special opportunity to join forces and remindthe world that physical and mental well-being is of the utmost importance to allof us. These two aspects of health are inseparable and should always bepromoted together. To make sports and the arts even more rewarding, we inviteeveryone to “Play it tobacco-free!”

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➤ Smoking is already causing about one-sixth of all deaths indeveloped countries. This proportion is still rising, mainly due tothe increasing epidemic among women. If the proportion staysat or about one-sixth, then at least one-sixth of the populationwill eventually be killed by tobacco. This means that about 200million out of the 1.2 billion people living in developed countrieswill eventually be killed by tobacco.

➤ People substantially underestimate the risks of smoking. Inpopulations, where tobacco use has been common for severaldecades (e.g., men in the USA and the UK), tobacco is likely to bethe most important risk of death in middle age. For example, in theUnited Kingdom, on average, among 1000 20-year-olds whosmoke cigarettes regularly:

■ about one will die fromhomicide (murder) beforeage 70

Smoking Trends➤ Cigarettes consumption in developing countries

has been rising among men over the last three orfour decades. In some developing countries, thehealth effects of this increase in tobacco use arealready evident. For example, in China, smokingis estimated to be the cause of at least half amillion deaths a year, mostly men (per capitacigarette consumption in China has increasedalmost four-fold since the early 1970s).

➤ Most smokers live in developing countries. Ofthe 1.1 billion smokers in the world in the early1990s, 800 million (70-75%) live in the develop-ing world.

Smokers and non-smokers alike often do not fully appre-ciate the health risks of tobacco use, particularly cigarettesmoking. The latest epidemiological studies indicate thatdeath rates for smokers are two to three times higher thanfor non-smokers at all ages. This means that half of allsmokers will eventually die as a result of their smoking. Ifcurrent smoking trends persist, about 500 million peoplecurrently alive, nearly 9% of the world’spopulation, willeventually die as a result of tobacco.

People who die from tobacco use do not die onlyin old age. About half of all smokers who are killedby tobacco die in middle age. On average, thesesmokers who die in middle age lose about 20-25 yearsof life expectancy.

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■ about six will die from motor vehicle accidentsbefore age 70

■ and about 250 will die from smoking before age70 (plus about another 250 deaths fromsmoking after age 70).

➤ In the United States, where homicide and accidents aremore common, the risks would be about six per 1000from homicide, 12 per 1000 from traffic crashes, and 250per 1000 from smoking (all before age 70).

➤ In the United States, it has been estimated that the annual riskof death from smoking is about 7000 per million smokers, morethan ten times the risk from alcohol consumption (541 per

million drinkers), 60 times the risk ofwork-related fatalities, over 1000 timesthe risk of death from air pollutants and3500 times the risk of electrocution.

By the end of the 20th century, cigarette smoking will have killed about 62 million people indeveloped countries: 52 million men, 10 million women.

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HEALTH HAZARDS OF TOBACCO: SOME FACTS


➤ Lower tar cigarettes do not substantially reduce the risk ofheart attack in smokers.

➤ In the 1990s, smoking is estimated to be the cause of onein five male deaths from cardiovascular diseases in devel-oped countries (and about 6% of female CVD deaths).

➤ Smoking causes about 30% of all cancer deaths in devel-oped countries (40-45% of male cancer deaths, and 10-15% of female cancer deaths). On average, about 90-95%of male lung cancer deaths in developed countries, and 70-75% of female lung cancer deaths, are due to smoking.

➤ If all tobacco-caused cancer deaths could be eliminated,

then death rates from other causes of cancer for men andwomen would be similar in different industrialized countriesand would have shown a stable, or even slightly decliningtrend over the last three or four decades.

➤ In 1995, WHO estimates that smoking was the cause ofabout 1.44 million male deaths in developed countries, and475 000 female deaths in these countries. This representsone in four male deaths and about 10% of female deaths.

➤ Between 1950 and 2000, tobacco will have been thecause of over 60 million deaths in the developed coun-tries (52 million men, 10 million women).

“No single factor could have as much impact on the rising toll of cardiovascular deaths aroundthe world as tobacco cessation”.

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➤ In developing countries 50% of men smoke (plusabout 8% of women). The proportions for menand women in the developed countries are 41%and 21% respectively.

➤ In developed countries the proportion of femaledeaths in middle age due to smoking has in-creased six-fold since 1955, rising from 2% to13% by 1995.

➤ Per capita consumption is falling in the devel-oped countries at about 1.5% per year, but risingin developing countries at about 1.7% per year.As a result, it is projected that per capita (adult)cigarette consumption in the developing worldwill exceed consumption in developed countrieswithin the next decade.

Passive smoking➤ Passive smoking is a cause of additional episodes

and increased severity of symptoms in asthmaticchildren. Asthmatic children are up to 2.5 timesmore likely to have their condition worsened bypassive smoking. In the United States alone it isestimated that 200 000 to one million asthmaticchildren have their condition worsened by passivesmoking.

➤ Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS or“passive smoking”) is a risk factor for new cases ofasthma in children who have not previously dis-played symptoms.

➤ The risk of lower respiratory tract diseases (suchas croup, bronchitis and pneumonia) is esti-mated to be about 50-60% higher in childrenexposed to ETS during the first 1-2years of life,

About half of all tobacco-related deaths occurat ages 35-69 years, making tobacco themost important cause of premature death indeveloped countries.

➤ Many of those who die from smoking were not particu-larly heavy smokers, but most of them did start smok-ing in their teenage years.

➤ Smokers in their thirties and forties have five times asmany heart attacks as non-smokers. Heart attacks arethe main way in which smoking kills young tobaccousers. In industrialized countries, tobacco is responsiblefor 75-80% of all heart attack deaths in young smokersunder the age of 50.

compared with unexposed children. About 10-15% of lower respiratory tract disease in youngchildren under 18 months of age is attributable topassive smoking.

➤ In children, exposure to environmental tobaccosmoke is causally associated with increased preva-lence of fluid in the middle ear, symptoms ofupper respiratory tract irritation, and a small butsignificant reduction in lung function.

➤ Environmental tobacco smoke is a cause of lungcancer in lifelong non-smokers exposed to ETS.Epidemiological studies carried out in severalcountries suggest that the lung cancer risk isabout 20-30% higher than for never smokers notexposed to ETS.

Tobacco-caused diseases result from the actions of abusiness that is very lucrative but extremely detri-mental to a society as a whole (see World No-Tobacco Day Advisory Kit 1995). Global experi-ence shows that tobacco interests will vigorouslyoppose any tobacco control measures which couldpotentially reduce their sales and profits. Tobaccocompanies value the positive image given to itsproducts through associations with sports and cul-tural events, and have contested any efforts to dis-continue this association.

Tobacco interests can be expected to make many,and often contradictory, arguments in support ofcontinued product links withsports and arts. These can in-clude the following arguments:➤ Money given to such groups

is pure philanthropy and that this “philanthropy”would cease if they were not able to get promo-tional value from the investment.

➤ The amount of money being spent on thesesponsorships is huge. However, they fail to men-tion that most of these expenditures are not forthe actual event but for the marketing costs ofassociating tobacco products with the event.

➤ The sports and arts communities depend uponthem for their very existence. However, tobaccointerests do not mention the difficult situation ofmany accomplished artists and athletes who areunwillingly put in the position of endorsing the

use of an addictive, harmfulproduct that they would neveruse, nor want anyone else, par-ticularly youth, to use.

COMMITMENT TO THE TOBACCO-FREEPROMOTION OF SPORTS AND CULTURE

In the light of the consequences for health associated with the use oftobacco and its derivatives, and desirous of helping to improve thequality of life,

➤ I UNDERTAKE NOT TO PROMOTE THEUSE OF TOBACCO AND ITS DERIVATIVESIN CONNECTION WITH SPORTS AND/ORCULTURAL ACTIVITIES.

Organizers of sports and/or cultural events and the officers of sports andcultural associations who make this COMMITMENT and apply it in their workare authorized to use the logo of the “Tobacco or Health” programme of theWorld Health Organization in association with World No-Tobacco Day, 31May 1996, which will take as its theme “Sport and the arts without tobacco”.The use of the official logo commits users not to receive a financial or othercontribution from tobacco manufacturers in any form whatsoever and not toundertake any promotion for tobacco by any direct or indirect allusion to thissubstance and its derivatives.

TOBACCO OR HEALTH

ENDING THE EXPLOITATION OF SPORT AND ARTSTO PROMOTE TOBACCO PRODUCTS

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➤ Partial restrictions are preferable to a total end tothese tobacco product sponsorships, despite thefact that the nature of promoting tobacco prod-ucts is such that any loopholes may be used tocircumvent the intent of the law.

Those working toward healthy public policies canand do take concerted action against tobacco inter-ests. Leadership can come from many places. Often,it is committed politicians or public servants whotake the lead. In many countries, nongovernmentalhealth, medical and consumers groups induce thechanges. Key roles are often played by the mediathrough analysis of the situation, coverage of thedebate and editorial support for freeing sports andthe arts from being a tobacco marketing tool. Reli-gious leaders and spokespeople from the arts andsports community have also been shown to be able toplay critical roles.

The tactics of those promoting the health agendacan vary according to the nature of the players andthe nature of the opposition to public health im-provement. For example, past successes have shownthat winning tactics can include the following:

➤ A Minister of Health who will make this issue avery high personal priority.

➤ Health organizations that make detailed argu-ments to governmental bodies concerning thereasons for, and methods of, banning tobaccoassociations with sports and the arts.

➤ Health advocates who vigorously counter theactions of tobacco interests through news con-ferences, letters and personal visits to key politi-cians, use of advocacy advertising, exposing oftactics by tobacco interests, and any other meas-ures deemed necessary to protect public health.

➤ Cultural and sports personalities and organiza-tions who show leadership by making a commit-ment not to promote the use of tobacco, but topromote healthy lifestyles instead.

There are many lessons which have been learnedfrom all of these actions. For example, efforts toadvance public health may require political con-frontations that require health advocates to getinvolved in directly countering those who stand togain from a strengthened tobacco presence. In manycases, a combined effort by a coalition of interestedgroups has been shown to accomplish more than

these groups could have accomplished working indi-vidually. It is also important that health efforts notbe sidetracked by tobacco interests’ claims that theassociation between sponsorships and tobacco con-sumption must be clearly delineated, with standardsof proof that are often unattainable, prior to anyrestrictions on the marketing of tobacco products. Inreality, with so many lives being at stake and therebeing reasonable grounds to believe that positiveassociations with a product will promote its con-sumption, it is important for countries to act asquickly and comprehensively as possible to protectthe health of their citizens.

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TOBACCO CONTROL AND CHILDRENTobacco control efforts are often undermined by the promotion of cigaretteson the most powerful medium to which children are exposed: televisionbroadcasts of tobacco sponsored sports. In some countries coverage of suchevents are regulated by a voluntary agreement between the tobaccoindustry and national authorities. One aim of the agreement is to protectchildren from the exposure to tobacco promotion by confining televisioncoverage to events with an adult audience.

Yet, studies have shown many children aged between 9 and 15 claimto see cigarette advertising on TV. What they are seeing are sporting eventssponsored by tobacco companies: tennis, rugby, motor racing, cricket,snooker, sailing competitions etc.

In surveys of children’s attitudes to smoking, the sponsorship of sportsand other events by cigarette companies is cited as evidence that theGovernment is not seriously concerned about the problem of smoking. “Ifthey really want to make us realise smoking is dangerous, why do theyallow all this sponsorship”, is a typical comment.

Children see things straight. We should be straight with them.Sir Donald Maitland, Chairman

Health Education Authority, UK.

SOME EXAMPLES OF SPONSORSHIPOF SPORT AND ARTS BY TOBACCO COMPANIES

As an increasing number of countries are banningvarious forms of direct advertising of tobacco prod-ucts, tobacco companies have been shifting theirattention to indirect promotion of their products bysuch means as sponsorship of sports and arts events.For a relatively minor donation to culture, tobaccocompanies buy their way into the advertising mar-ket, where they spend millions of dollars ensuringthat the public remains familiar with the colours,logos and images of their brands. Studies confirmthat the small fraction of money that may be re-ceived from tobacco companies for sponsorship ofthe sports and arts contrasts strongly with the societalcosts that result from tobacco-induced diseases.

In many cases, sponsorship also allows tobaccocompanies to reach a global audience, and is a imagi-native way to circumvent advertising bans of tobaccoproducts on television. Sponsorship is believed to bean effective way of improving the tobacco industry’simage. A positive association is created between arts,sports and cigarette smoking. Consumers, especiallyyoung people, are encouraged to associate smokingwith high level sport, art and cultural achievement.And so, smoking continues to be promoted as positivesocial behaviour and another generation of new smok-ers is recruited. And the very lives that sports and artsare supposed to enhance are hindered by the use ofthis hazardous substance.

MOTOR RACING HAS BECOME ANON-STOP CIGARETTE COMMERCIAL

Although tobacco advertisements may be banned on television in a numberof countries, sponsors of sporting events still receive million of dollars worthof constant television exposure. For the tobacco companies, the payoff inexposure time for their products is worth far more than the amount spent onsponsorship. A prime example of this occurs in motor racing, where theinternational audience for this sport is estimated at hundreds of millions ofviewers. The prestigious Formula One Grand Prix is estimated to attractapproximately 600 million viewers each year. Tobacco companies may spend$30 million to sponsor a racing car, but will receive far more in equivalenttelevision advertising time. One recent study in the United States found thatthere were almost 6000 sightings or mentions of tobacco company productnames or logos during a 90 minute broadcast of a major motor racing event.This setting is also an important venue forthe recruitment of new smokers, as motorracing is a sport that is popular with youngpeople, who enjoy the excitement of racing.Although tobacco companies claim that they

sponsor motor racing because it is a sport that is popular with current smokers,health advocates are disturbed by the fact that motor car racing is oftentargeted toward families. The large number of children who attend the racesare exposed to a constant barrage of cigarette advertisements, including hatsand T-shirts displaying the cigarette brand name. In fact, at a number of recentracing events, clothing bearing tobacco company logos has been available atsouvenir stands in sizes small enough for six-year-olds.

TRADE JOURNAL ADVERTISEMENTTOUTS THE MERITS OF

RACING CAR SPONSORSHIPAccording to a 1994 advertisement in a tobacco industry journal, it is nowpossible to sponsor a Formula One racing car “for a fraction of the cost oftenassociated with Formula One and you can sponsor it on a race-by-race basis,that suits your marketing strategy.” The advertisement also proclaims that

“This Formula One car is the most power-ful advertising space in the world. It willcarry your brand to 18 billion TV viewers in102 countries.”

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TOBACCO-FREE RACING CARREVS UP FOR ACTION

The sport of motor racing has become almost synonymous with tobaccopromotions, with the tobacco industry ensuring that the glamour, speed andexcitement of motor racing is actively associated with smoking. However,one racing car “the Extinguisher” is challenging these seductive messages,in the hope of persuading young people that smoking is not “stylish andcool”. In July 1995, the Silverstone motor racing circuit in England saw theofficial launch of Hugo Spowers’ tobacco-free Formula Three racing car,“the Extinguisher”, which is backed by the British anti-tobacco group, Actionon Smoking and Health (ASH). “The Extinguisher” carries the internationalno-smoking symbol as its logo.

Spowers took on this challenge because of his belief that young peopleare targeted by the tobacco industry with glamourized images of smoking.They do not get to hear both sides of the story, and are therefore not reallyfree to make informed choices about whether or not to smoke. For example,teenagers are never told that the majority of Formula One drivers do notsmoke, many are actively opposed to smoking, and some do not even letothers smoke in their presence. It is hoped that “the Extinguisher” will be ableto break into the prestigious Formula One motor racing with sponsorship fromnon-tobacco companies, with the anticipation that sponsors will be enthusias-tic to be associated with a positive image in motor racing.

TOBACCO AND BASEBALLIN THE UNITED STATES

In the early 1980s, the use of oral snuff rose substantially among baseballplayers in the United States, following a tobacco industry marketingcampaign that used well-known sports figures to link its use with high levelathletic performance and virility. During that time, smoking among baseballplayers dramatically declined, as did the use of chewing tobacco, but thedipping of moist snuff gradually increased. The increase was also attributedto the proliferation of free samples of snuff that appeared in baseballclubhouses.

Of major concern was the finding that an unprecedented 45% of thepremier professional athletes in the United States, who serve as role modelsfor aspiring youth, use smokeless tobacco. Most of them use the moist snuffproducts, which are high in nicotine and potent cancer-causing chemicals.Millions of adolescents have copied these professional role models, withfurther enticement by tobacco company’s extensive use of point-of-purchase displays, wide distribution of free snuff samples and sponsorshipof sports and cultural events. Even with the broadcast ban for advertisingtobacco products, manufacturers of these products receive extensive freeadvertising by virtue of the many close-up shots of baseball players usingsmokeless tobacco during televised games.

Studies in 1991 found that approximately 15 million Americans usedsnuff, nearly all of them male, and the largest segment 18-24 years old.There appears to be the illusion that smokeless tobacco is a safe alternativeto cigarettes; however, long-term users of snuff are more than 50 timesmore likely to get oral cancer than non-users.

POSITIVE STRIDES HAVE RECENTLYBEEN MADE IN THROWING

TOBACCO OUT OF BASEBALLIN THE UNITED STATES

As of 15 June 1993, the use of smokeless tobacco was formally bannedin all minor league clubhouses, with fines infringed for violations.

In addition, a number of Major League Baseball parks ban smokingin the seating areas and a significant number of clubs have a ban on tobaccoadvertisements in the ballpark.

A major league team in California has banned all players from carryingsnuff or chewing tobacco while in uniform, and another team has bannedtobacco advertising in their programme.

There was also a ban on the use of smokeless tobacco in a collegechampionship series. Major League Baseball, in conjunction with theNational Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Dental Research, haslaunched an anti-snuff campaign, which includes the use of high profileplayers who have given up the use of snuff. Billboards

BILLBOARDSIn sports arenas around the world, tobacco companies promote theirproducts on huge billboards, which are often placed in key positions to beseen in television broadcasts. Even where mandatory health warnings havebeen installed on the billboards, the warnings are difficult to read in thearena, and are virtually invisible when viewed from a television screen.

In some cities, health advocates have successfully challenged theplacement of billboards in sports arenas. In a recent settlement with theUnited States Justice Department, a multinational tobacco companyagreed to remove tobacco advertisements from areas which frequentlyappear during television broadcasts of baseball games. For example, atobacco billboard at one stadium was moved to a less visible place from itsprevious location under a huge video screen. Other major league sportsassociations also agreed to restrict tobacco advertising in their arenas andstadiums to areas that would normally not be picked up by televisioncameras. However if baseball teams agree that the billboards are a badinfluence on children watching the game on television, then should they notalso agree that it is a bad influence on children who are watching the gameat the stadium?

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Health groups can take advantage of the natural andpositive connection between health and leisure.Partnerships between health promotion and theleisure sector have great potential, and there are nowsuccessful examples of how these two sectors havedeveloped strong alliances for undertaking healthpromotion.

Health education is a comprehensive process, andthe social environment plays a key role in determin-ing use or non-use of tobacco products. When sportsand cultural activities are directly associated withhealth, leisure can become a cost-effective means ofpromoting health, for those present at the event aswell as those who view the event on television.Health promotion activity in leisure settings offerstargeted access to audiences difficult to reach throughtraditional health promotion methods. Instead ofsports and cultural events being used to recruit smok-ers, they instead can be used to promote the benefitsof a smoke-free and healthy lifestyle.

Since 1987, the state of Victoria, in Australia hastaken a leading role in creatively undermining to-bacco promotions and sponsor-

BREAKING FREE FROMTOBACCO COMPANY SPONSORSHIPS

ship. The state has legislation which not only banstobacco sponsorship, but has also created a HealthPromotion Foundation (VicHealth), funded by rev-enue from a special levy on cigarettes. In addition tofunding numerous other health promotion activitiesand an ongoing QUIT smoking campaign, a portionof this revenue also provides funding to sports andcultural associations that might otherwise have de-pended upon tobacco companies for support.

Over 1000 sports and arts organizations havereceived funding from VicHealth in exchange forpromoting health messages. For example, Austral-ian Rules Football is one of the organizations thathas sponsored the QUIT anti-smoking campaign.Sponsorships such as these have been recognized asunique opportunities to get the health message acrossto particular segments of the population, such asblue-collar workers, who may be difficult to reach. Inaddition, all events are held in smoke-free venues.Many sports, previously synonymous with tobaccopromotion have now become partners with theFoundation in providing significant opportunities to

link sports with health.

The tobacco industry has made extensive use of leisure settings for marketing theirproducts, creating a positive association between leisure and tobacco. Consum-ers have been encouraged to associate smoking with high profile stars and out-standing physical performances. However, it is now time for health advocates to

turn the tables and to learn some lessons from the tobacco industry.

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One of the key factors in the initiation of the Victoria Health PromotionFoundation was that both the incumbent Health Minister and theOpposition Minister for Health wanted to take measures towardsincreased tobacco control. With the support of the Anti-Cancer Council ofVictoria, events began to take shape relatively quickly. The issue wasbrought to the attention of the public through numerous articles in thepress, through television campaigns, and with public debates. Duringdebates, health proponents gained ground by continuing to keep thedebate focused on the health issues. In addition, the newsletter of theAnti-Cancer Society, which is sent to 140 000 people, appealed todonors to write a letter to their legislator (or visit their legislator inperson) to support increased tobacco control measures. Legislators weredeluged with communications, more than on any other issue previously.

In order to formally assess public support for a ban on tobaccosponsorship, an opinion poll was conducted. Results indicated that amajority of the population would approve of a ban on tobacco sponsorship,but many of these positive responses were contingent on the governmentproviding alternative funding to replace the tobacco industry funds. Keygovernment decision makers and their advisers were targeted, and effortswere made to obtain their support. As the results of the public opinion pollswere favourable, these findings were used to sway the legislators who werehesitant to support increased tobacco control. The health groups had wiselybroken down the issues by voter intention so that they were ahead of

politicians in knowing public opinion. Thus, the legislators could not thensay that their voters would not support them if they took an anti-tobaccostance. Others, such as business and religious leaders were also helpful inpersuading legislators to support tobacco control.

Health advocates in Victoria employed another strategy to callattention to the tobacco problem. Using information from the CancerRegistry they determined the total number of tobacco-related deaths foreach municipality and then compared the number of tobacco deaths todeaths from other causes, such as alcohol and other drugs. Eachmunicipality was also compared with the state average. This informa-tion, published in a number of pamphlets, was sent to every municipalcouncil member as well as to prominent newspaper editors and othermedia sources. This strategy achieved considerable media attention,including a series of newspaper articles which stressed the need to takeaction against tobacco immediately.

In 1987, the Victoria Health Promotion Foundation was launched.Due to its success, it has been emulated by most of the other states inAustralia, and is being considered in a number of countries around theworld. In working toward the fruition of VicHealth, all of these above-mentioned activities were conducted in a relatively inexpensive manner,with a full-time staff of about three. The most important components,however, were perseverance, a bit of imagination, and a commitmenttowards achieving a goal.

THE GENESIS OF THE VICTORIA HEALTH PROMOTION FOUNDATION

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LOBBYING FOR LIVES: POLITICAL ACTIONFOR TOBACCO-FREE SPORT AND ARTS

The tobacco industry has profited greatly from its promotions of sports andcultural events, and this is why tobacco interests are so keen to keep

sponsorship as a viable option.

won a major race and on national television, refusedto accept a trophy from the tobacco company spon-soring the event. Others have expressed their viewsas part of a coalition, such as the over 250 leadingmembers of the arts community in Canada whosigned a petition to support tobacco control legisla-tion which would ban tobacco sponsorship of thesports and cultural events. The efforts of these well-known personalities to counter tobacco interestsand to promote a healthier lifestyle do not go unno-ticed. In fact, their efforts are often highlighted by themedia and serve to bring about public debate on theissue. Examples from around the world attest to theinfluence that their contributions have made towardsimproved tobacco control policies and programmes.

Sponsorships create a comfort level for the decisionto smoke, implicitly suggesting that significant or-ganizations and influential role models are comfort-able with their association with tobacco productsand the risks they entail. Although many artists andathletes are strongly opposed to tobacco sponsor-ship, some are reluctant to speak out, either becausethey feel indebted to the industry that supportsthem, or because they do not with to criticise col-leagues involved with tobacco-sponsored events.However, an increasing number of prominent per-sonalities have taken a bold stand against beingassociated with tobacco interests. Some have spo-ken out individually. For example in early 1984 theCanadian world champion skier, Steve Podborski,

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MEMBERS OF THE ARTS COMMUNITYSPEAK OUT ABOUT TOBACCO

INDUSTRY SPONSORSHIPIn 1987, legislation which would bring about increased tobacco controlmeasures was being considered by the Canadian Parliament. One aspectof this bill called for a ban on sports and arts sponsorship by tobaccocompanies. In an attempt to defeat this bill, the tobacco industry quicklyhired the services of a public relations firm to mobilize a group of prominentCanadian artists to voice their opposition to the proposed bill. However,when health proponents learned of these plans, a counter-offensive,coordinated by a Canadian nongovernmental organization, was rapidlyorchestrated.

Further investigation revealed that most of the artists who wereopposing the proposed legislation were tied in some way to tobaccointerests. The majority of the sports and arts community, however, did notlike these associations. Two representatives of the art community werehired to contact their associates to obtain support for the proposedlegislation. The vast majority of those contacted were found to actuallyfavour the legislation, which they believed would help make tobaccoproducts less attractive for youth. Within a few days, 250 leading membersof the arts community had signed a petition addressed to members ofParliament in support of the proposed legislation. The petition stated:

“We wish to appeal to those within our community who, perhapsas a result of misinformation provided by the tobacco industry, haveexpressed opposition to this legislation. The arts must not be used tolegitimize the tobacco industry.”

....” If the arts exists to ennoble mankind, it follows that the artscommunity cannot allow itself to be used to block or subvert a billdesigned to safeguard the health and lives of future generations. Thatis too high a price to pay. No arts activity is worth that cost”.

This petition was reproduced in a number of prominent Canadiannewspapers. In response to the press conference held by the tobaccoindustry-sponsored gathering of artists, the health promoting coalition ofartists held their own news conference, in a room directly across the hall.With some quick action, it was possible to effectively demonstrate theentertainment community’s overwhelming support for public health inter-ests over the vested interests of tobacco companies.

ATHLETES FOR TOBACCO-FREE SPORTIn the late 1980s, concerted efforts were underway in New Zealand tobring about passage of its Smokefree Environments Bill. When the NewZealand Coalition Against Tobacco Advertising and Promotion beganworking toward achieving a ban on tobacco advertising and promotion, thisalarmed the country’s tobacco industry. The industry launched “SportsPersons for Freedom in Sport”, in a move to create a pro-tobaccomovement that appeared to come from the athletes themselves. This movewas potentially effective in a country where sporting heroes are idolised.

However, their impact was counteracted by the launch of “Athletes forTobacco Free Sport”, and the introduction of the Commonwealth Gamesmedal winners into the pro-health side of the debate. In part, due to theirsupport, New Zealand passed the Smokefree Environment Act in 1990.

BASEBALL STAR TAKES A PIONEERINGSTAND AGAINST TOBACCO IN 1909

Honus Wagner was considered by many to be the greatest shortstop in USmajor league baseball history. When he retired in 1917, he had scoredmore runs, made more hits and had stolen more bases than any otherplayer in history, and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.Throughout his career, Wagner was one of the most beloved men inbaseball. He took his position as a role model seriously, and youngerplayers, fans, and especially children looked up to him. In 1909, when theAmerican Tobacco Company included a baseball card with his picture on itas a premium giveaway with the purchase of their brand of cigarettes,Wagner objected. Wagner, who did not smoke was afraid that the cardwould be interpreted by children as an endorsement of smoking, andinsisted that American Tobacco withdraw it. Incidently, Wagner’s heroicstance left only a few cards in circulation, ensuring that his would be themost valuable baseball card of all time.

TONY ROMINGER, SWITZERLANDTony Rominger is one of the world’s leading bicycle racers. He is a winnerof the Tour of Italy (Giro d’Italia) and always a contender for the Tour deFrance. He is also the world’s fastest man in one hour on a bicycle, havingset the world record at 55.291 kilometres in one hour in 1994. But TonyRominger is more than an accomplished athlete. He speaks four languagesand is an ambassador for healthy lifestyles. He has lent his name to postersshowing him in full racing flight on his bicycle, bearing the tag line “Non-smokers: always one hour ahead.” As a champion athlete, Rominger isadmired by many young people. By lending his name to anti-smokingcampaigns, he helps immeasurably in promotional efforts to preventtobacco use among young people.

VRENI SCHNEIDER NOMINATED NON-SMOKER OF THE YEAR IN 1994

The Olympic champion skier, Vreni Schneider, has been nominatednon-smoker of the year by the assembly of delegates of the SwissAssociation of Non-smokers (ASN) and its Active Non-smokers Groupof the Canton of Vaud (GNFA). The queen of the slopes doesn’t needto smoke in order to win!

Each year, the ASN makes this award to a personality or an institutionfrom politics, sport or culture, to thank them for their commitment to a lifewithout tobacco. In previous years, the award has gone to Claude Nicollier,the first Swiss astronaut (1993); Franco Knie, the circus director (1992);and Flavio Cotti, the president of the Confederation (1991).

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NO-TOBACCOWORLDDAY



FINANCING HEALTH PROMOTION THROUGHSPORT AND ARTS SPONSORSHIP

The World Bank has made it clear that investment inhealth promotion and disease prevention strategies rep-resent the most cost effective way to improve the healthof the world’s people. Finding the money to invest inhealth promotion is often a problem, especially forcountries that have other priorities competing for fund-ing. However, the VicHealth model exemplifies a way oftaxing the most harmful disease-creating products topromote good health. The tax, which is widely sup-ported by the public, achieves many positive healthgoals at once. The increased price of cigarettes causes adisincentive to smoke, especially among young people.Additionally, a portion of the revenue from this tax canbe dedicated to improving health, and in particular,towards tobacco control activities and programmes. Atobacco tax dedicated to health promotion also sends asignificant symbolic message to the tobacco industryregarding tobacco-control policy objectives. With adedicated tax, money for tobacco control and sponsor-ship replacement would not compete with other claimson the health budget.

There are a number of possible options for fundinghealth promotion activities, and each country must takeinto account its unique institutional and cultural fea-tures when planning the ideal method for generatinghealth promotion funds. One method for generatingfunding would be through dedicated taxes on tobaccoproducts. For example, as an integral component ofcomprehensive tobacco control programmes, an excise

tax could be levied on tobacco products. As proven bya number of studies, the increased price of tobaccoproducts would also discourage consumption, particu-larly among youth, and the funds could be used tofinance Health Promotion Foundations, such as inmany Australian states. Dedicated excise taxes can alsobe used to fund anti-tobacco health education even if afull range of tobacco control measures have not yet beenimplemented. Examples of where this has been success-fully applied include the states of California and Massa-chusetts, in the United States. It would also be possibleto obtain funding for tobacco control activities by taxingtobacco company profits or tobacco advertising.

Another possibility for funding health promotionactivities would be through general taxation revenue,also in the context of a comprehensive tobacco con-trol programme. These expenditures can then beoffset by revenue from increased tobacco excise taxes,a model which is being used very successfully in NewZealand. The expenditures can alternatively be offsetby taxes on tobacco company profits, as in Canada.As exemplified in Geneva, it may also be possible touse funds from general taxation revenue, withoutinstituting strategies to offset this revenue. To replacetobacco sponsorship, it may also be possible to encour-age private companies, particularly those involved inthe realm of leisure products or services, to join inpartnership to fund activities which previously weredominated by tobacco sponsorship.

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AUSTRALIAIn 1988, the state of South Australia introduced limits on tobaccoadvertising along lines similar to the state of Victoria and establishedFoundation South Australia. The Foundation promotes sport, culture, andgood health. In Western Australia, which is renowned for having the longest“QUIT” campaign, legislation has been passed to restrict tobacco advertis-ing. The Healthway Health Promotion Foundation was established in thisstate in the late 1980s. In 1989, the Australian Capital Territory establisheda Health Promotion Fund, which was financed by a proportion of tobaccolicensing fees. Funds were used to support health promotion campaignsand to replace tobacco sponsorship of a variety of activities.

NEW ZEALANDAnother effective sponsorship strategy was achieved in New Zealand,where comprehensive tobacco control legislation, which banned nearly allforms of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship was institutedunder the Smokefree Environments Act in 1990. New Zealand’s compre-hensive tobacco control policy also included tobacco tax increases todiscourage tobacco consumption. Also established under this Act was theHealth Sponsorship Council, which has come to be known to the generalpublic as Lifespan Smokefree. Smokefree, which is funded from generaltaxation revenue, is able to perform like a sponsor in its own right,promoting its own health messages. Lifespan Smokefree works toencourage New Zealanders to choose and enjoy healthy lifestyles. This isachieved through an innovative approach to health marketing involvingsponsoring selected sporting and cultural events. Smokefree has gainedconsiderable profile in recent years through the role it plays in replacing thesponsorship of sports, such as soccer and motor rallies, which had previouslybeen sponsored by tobacco companies. As of June 1995, the Council tookcontrol of these sponsorships, connecting them with health messages suchas Smokefree. The Council is working towards establishing a smokefreelifestyle as the social norm. Efforts are made to target two important high-risk groups: youth (particularly young women) and Maori people. Smokefreeis attempting to turn the tables by promoting the image that non-smokingis cool. Smokefree sponsors a number of events throughout the countryincluding: school rock music competitions, music and dance performances,aerobic championships, choral competitions, rugby competitions, as well ashigh-profile events such as a televised 30-week Smokefree Sport Series.

CIPRETCreative use of health sponsorship is also possible in countries that as of yetdo not have legislative restriction on tobacco advertising and sponsorship.For example, in Geneva, Switzerland, a local government agency, CIPRET(the Centre for Information on Smoking Prevention) has adopted a creativeapproach to health sponsorship, with the determination to fight on thesame grounds as those promoting the use of tobacco. CIPRET receivessubstantial subsidies from the Public Health Directorate, under the Depart-ment of Social Action and Health of Geneva. The Chairman of theDepartment, State Councillor Mr Guy-Oliver Segond, has offered his politicalsupport and provided for financial resources drawn from general taxationrevenue to the organization. It is especially noteworthy that the canton ofGeneva does not levy any taxes on tobacco, and all tobacco tax revenueis collected by the Swiss federal government. CIPRET has sponsored anumber of carefully chosen sport and cultural activities including rockconcerts, a long-distance car rally team, a racing yacht, a basketball team,a motorcycle racer, and a fencer. In 1995, CIPRET sponsored an interna-tional “Supercross” race, which had been named in the past after a well-known brand of cigarettes. At the sponsored events, positive messages helppromote the benefits of a tobacco-free life. CIPRET also maintains a constantpresence at community and cultural events, ranging from health fairs to carshows. Active participation at these events can thus be a very valuable andcost effective health promotion strategy, and can serve to countersponsorship efforts by the tobacco industry.

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NO-TOBACCOWORLDDAY



USING SPORT AND ARTS TO PLAY IT TOBACCO-FREE:SOME LOW BUDGET SUCCESSES

A number of countries have demonstrated that evenwhen resources are limited, there are still many lowbudget possibilities for using sports or cultural eventsto promote healthy non-smoking lifestyles. In par-ticular, the creative energy of young people lendsitself well to creative events which promote a to-bacco-free life. Several countries have reported suc-cess with art, poster, or essay competitions, in whichyoung people have a chance to develop original anti-smoking messages. Sports festivals, fun runs, displays

of dance or other sports, with an anti-smoking themehave also proven popular. Many organizations havereported increased participation by holding theirevents in areas such as shopping centres, town squaresor other common meeting places where crowds canbe attracted. These types of events have shown thateven with a limited budget, it is possible to counterthe often ubiquitous marketing ploys of tobaccocompanies in their attempts to seduce young peopleinto a lifetime of nicotine addiction

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INTERNATIONAL ANTI-SMOKINGYOUTH FESTIVAL

In July 1994, the First International Anti-smoking Youth Festival was heldin Athens, Greece. Hosted by the Hellenic Action Against Cancer, this eventoffered young people a chance to produce original creative work with ananti-smoking theme in many fields of artistic endeavour. Prizes wereawarded for the best presentations on a tobacco-free theme in the followingcategories:

➤ essay/prose or poetry➤ drawings➤ photographs➤ comics➤ cartoons➤ music➤ dance➤ theatre

One hundred and sixteen contestants from 21 countries submitted originalworks on the anti-smoking theme. Due to the success of the first festival,plans are currently underway for the 2nd International Anti-smoking YouthFestival in September 1996. For this event, participants aged 15-25 yearsold are invited to express themselves by creating their own anti-smokingmessages in one of the forms listed above. Winners will receive a trip toGreece to present their work during the performance.

For further information contact:S. Vassilaros, PresidentHellenic Action Against Cancer, 4, Semitelou Str. 11528 Athens, GreeceTel: (30) 1 777 4122 Fax: (30) 1 778 8698

BULGARIAIn 1995, a national poster competition was held in Bulgaria in whichyouth between the ages of 6-14 were invited to submit drawings andpaintings on the theme “Life without tobacco is better”. A total of 130children from all over the country participated in the event. The contestwas carried out under the auspices of the Italian NationalNongovernmental Association against AIDS and Tumours, in collabora-tion with Bulgaria’s Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education,Science and Technologies, with sponsorship by a Bulgarian confection-ary company. The competition offered an opportunity for children toartistically express their perspectives toward the tobacco problem bycreating original examples of healthy alternatives to tobacco use. Theevent lasted for about two months, with the final celebration and pressconference coinciding with the 1995 World No-Tobacco Day. On thisday, the children were presented with their awards, with top entriesand their parents receiving a week-long visit to Italy. The competitionand the award ceremony received extensive media attention. Theevent served the purpose of not only encouraging and rewardingartistic expression among the young, but it also helped to increaseawareness both among young people and the general public about thenegative consequences of tobacco use and the need to take appropri-ate measures to protect children from the hazards of tobacco. Due tothe success of the event, plans are underway for a similar contest tobe held in 1996.

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NO-TOBACCOWORLDDAY



WHO COMMENDS SMOKE-FREE OLYMPICS AND CALLS ONALL INTERNATIONAL SPORTS EVENTS TO BE SMOKE-FREE

Athletes train vigourously to reach a peak of per-formance at the time of the Olympic Games. Thisperformance can be compromised significantly byexposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS),which is harmful to spectators of athletic events aswell. As a celebration of human health and physicalfitness, the Olympic Games are incompatible withsmoking. They are also the largest, most prominentand the most viewed of all sporting events. Themodel that is set at the Olympics will influence thesports community throughout the world.

The 1988 Winter Olympic Games held in Calgary,Alberta, Canada were the world’s first smoke-freeOlympic Games. Since then, all Olympic Games,both winter and summer, have been smoke-free. Inkeeping with this smoke-free tradition, organizers ofthe Atlanta Olympics have banned smoking in allarenas and stadiums. Smoking will also be restrictedin the International Broadcast Center, where 15 000reporters will work during the Games. The Gameswill have designated smoking areas. In addition, theadvertising and promotion of tobacco products willbe prohibited, including distribution of free samples,

coupons and other promotional items. Sponsorshipof the Olympic Games by tobacco companies isprohibited, and the sale of tobacco products will berestricted within all venues whenever possible.

Sports have a natural link to a healthy lifestyle, asphysical fitness is often a prerequisite for top achieve-ments, and many athletes consequently refrain fromusing tobacco. Thus, athletes can often serve as rolemodels for children and young people. Tobacco-freepolicies have already proven successful at a numberof international sporting events. WHO applauds theefforts of all those who have helped bring thesetobacco-free policies to fruition. It is now the time togo forward with these ideas, and to break all associa-tions with tobacco. It is time for all countries to worktowards banning broadcasts of tobacco advertisingmasquerading as sports sponsorship. WHO also rec-ommends legislation which would prohibit smokingin sports premises, during international as well aslocal sporting events. Changes that occur in theseareas will go a long way towards the achievement ofa society where non-tobacco use is the social norm.And when that occurs, we will all be the winners.

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SMOKE-FREE OLYMPIC GAMES

1988 Calgary1988 Seoul

1992 Barcelona1992 Albertville

1994 Lillehammer1996 Atlanta

The World’s first Smoke-FreeWorld Championship in Athlet-ics, Gothenburg 1995, waslaunched bySweden’s Insti-tute of PublicHealth and theSwedish Medi-cal Association.It immediatelyreceived thebacking of theSwedish Athlet-ics Federation,whereupon theInternationalAthletics Federa-tion declared the 1995 Athletics WorldChampionships a smoke-free event.Separate specially designated areaswere available for those who wishedto smoke. However, smoking was notallowed in any of the stands, the trackand field area, the changing-rooms,

the press centre or in the publicpremises in the stadium. Tobacco saleswere banned inside the arena as well

as any adver-tising andmarketing oftobacco.Nearby phar-macies withexpandedhours ofoperation hadavailable asupply ofnicotine sub-stitutes, suchas chewing

gum and patches. An information tent,manned almost round the clock pro-vided information on a number of non-smoking themes. A survey carried outconsequent to the Games found thatthe majority of smokers supported thesmoke-free event.

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TOBACCO OR HEALTH PROGRAMMESelected list of WHO publications on tobacco or health

CONTROLLING THE SMOKING EPIDEMIC• Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Smoking Control. Technical Report Series 636. World Health

Organization, Geneva, 1979. Available in English, French, Spanish and Russian.

SMOKING CONTROL STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES• Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Technical Report Series 695. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1983.

Available in English, French and Spanish.

SMOKELESS TOBACCO CONTROL• Report of a WHO Study Group. Technical Report Series 773. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1988.

Available in English, French, Spanish and Russian.

WOMEN AND TOBACCO• World Health Organization, Geneva, 1992. Available in English, French, Spanish and Japanese.

LEGISLATIVE ACTION TO COMBAT THE WORLD TOBACCO EPIDEMIC• Second edition. Ruth Roemer. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993. Available in English; French and Spanish.

SMOKE FREE EUROPE• A series of 10 booklets published 1988–91 covering all tobacco control elements. WHO Regional Office for

Europe. Available in English, French, German and Russian.

IT CAN BE DONE. A SMOKE-FREE EUROPE. REPORT OF THE FIRST EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON TOBACCO POLICY. MADRID,7–11 NOVEMBER 1988• WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1990. Available in English.

TOBACCO HABITS OTHER THAN SMOKING: BETEL-QUID AND ARECA-NUT CHEWING: AND SOME RELATED NITROSAMINES• IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Volume 37. Interna-

tional Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 1985. Available in English.

TOBACCO SMOKING• IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Volume 38. Interna-

tional Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 1986. Available in English.

TOBACCO USE: A MAJOR INTERNATIONAL HEALTH HAZARD• Proceedings of an International Meeting. D.G. Zaridze and R. Peto (editors). IARC Scientific Publications No.

74. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 1986. Available inEnglish.

OVERALL EVALUATIONS OF CARCINOGENITY. AN UPDATING OF IARC MONOGRAPHS• IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Volumes No. 1–42.

Supplement 7. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 1987.Available in English.

ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS. METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT. VOLUME 9 – PASSIVE SMOKING• I.K. O’Neill, K.D. Brunnemann, B. Dodet and D. Hoffmann (editors). International Agency for Research on

Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 1987. Available in English.

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS ANNUAL, 1990• World Health Organization, Geneva, 1991. Available in English and French.

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WHO TO CONTACTFor further information, please contact:

8, Scherfigsvej2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkTel : (45) 39 17 14 35Fax : (45) 39 17 18 18

WHO Regional Officefor South-East AsiaDr H.L. SellRegional Adviseron Health and BehaviourWorld Health HouseIndraprastha Estate, MahatmaGandhi RoadNew Delhi 110002, IndiaTel : (91) 11 331 7804Fax : (91) 11 331 8607

WHO Regional Officefor the Western PacificDr Rosmarie ErbenRegional Adviser in HealthPromotionP.O. Box 2932, 1099 ManilaPhilippinesTel : (632) 522 9800Fax : (632) 521 1036

International Olympic CommitteeMr Fékrou KidaneInternational OlympicCommitteeChateau de Vidy1007 LausanneSwitzerlandTel: (41 21) 621 61 11Fax: (41 21) 621 62 16

UNESCOMs Anna Maria BarthésUNESCO7 Place de Fontenoy75352 Paris O7FranceTel: (33 1) 45 68 10 00Fax: (33 1) 45 67 16 90

WHO HeadquartersMr. N. CollishawProgramme ManagerTobacco or HealthWorld Health Organization1211 Geneva 27SwitzerlandTel : (41 22) 791 3423Fax : (41 22) 791 4851

WHO Regional Office for AfricaDr L. SanwogouRegional Adviser on HealthEducation (HED)P.O. Box No. 6, BrazzavilleCongoTel : (242) 83 91 11Fax : (242) 83 94 00

WHO Regional Officefor the AmericasDr E. MadrigalRegional Adviseron Drug Abuse525, 23rd Street, N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20037United States of AmericaTel : (202) 861 3200Fax: (202) 223 59 71

WHO Regional Officefor the Eastern MediterraneanDr M. Al KhateebRegional Adviseron Health EducationP.O. Box 1517Alexandria 21511, EgyptTel : (203) 48 202 23Fax : (203) 48 38 916

WHO Regional Office for EuropeDr P. Anderson,Acting Regional Adviser forthe Action Plan for aTobacco-free Europe

WHERE TO GETADDITIONAL

INFORMATION?

There is a wealth of accumulated world-wide information on sport and the artswithout tobacco. For those wanting addi-tional information we suggest that youseek out the World Health Organization1996 World No-Tobacco Day “AdvisoryKit”, which has been distributed to healthofficials around the world. Copies of this kitcan be obtained free of charge from yournearest WHO Regional Office. This kit willprovide a more detailed analysis of thepoints covered in these press materials, aswell as more in-depth information on otherissues concerning sport and the arts with-out tobacco.

This Media Kit has been prepared by MrNeil E. Collishaw and Ms Barbara Zolty ofWHO’s Tobacco or Health programme,with assistance from Ms Caroline Mullen,WHO Tobacco or Health programme andMr P. Stroot, WHO Information and MediaSupport.

This newsletter is also available on theInternet, at the following locations: 1)WHO Gopher server (gopher.who.ch), 2)World Wide Web site (http://www.who.ch): WHO’s Major Programmes,Programme on Substance Abuse, Tobaccoor Health Programme.

Layout by Mr Reda Sadki,Geneva, Switzerland

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