sport - nsca.com€¦ · sport science: the brain‐body connection mark d. stephenson, ms, atc,...

24

Upload: phungnhi

Post on 29-Apr-2018

217 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Sport Science: The Brain‐Body Connection

Mark D. Stephenson, MS, ATC, CSCS,*D, TSAC‐[email protected]

Brain‐Body Axis• Interoception

– Processing of visceral‐afferent neural signals by the CNS (Schulz, & Vögele, 2015)

– Involved in homeostasis & self‐regulation

• Influences Autonomic regulation– Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)– Heart Rate Variability

Brain‐Body Axis

• Vagus Nerve– Efferent & Afferent pathway– Parasympathetic innervation of the heart, lungs, 

gastrointestinal tract (other abdominal visceral organs)

• Parasympathetic influence of the SA node– Vagal stimulation decreases HR– Sympathetic stimulation increases HR

Interoception

• Insula Cortex• Processing of internal bodily signals

• Integration of mental map and sensory information to create sense of self

Perception

• Brain’s response to a perceived threat• Sensory input

– Visual– Auditory– Environmental– Touch/sensation

– Emotional

Sensory Input Perception of threat

Response to perceived threat

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

• Vagal (Parasympathetic)– Decreases Heart Rate

• Inhibit sympathetic nerve activity

• Vagal Inhibition (Sympathetic)– Increase sympathetic outflow to SA node

• Increases heart rate

Electrophysiology• P wave

– Action potential (depolarization)

• QRS Complex– Repolarization of ventricles 

• R‐S segment– Indicator of immune dysfunction

• R‐R– Time (ms) between the peak of R 

to the peak of the next R (HRV)

Heart Rate Variability (HRV)• Measure of Vagal Function• Link between physiological and cognitive function

– Prefrontal neural function• High Variability – Recovery• Low Variability ‐ Stress

HRV Calculated

HRV = 84

972ms – 888ms = Δ 84ms

Average of last 300 consecutive beats = HRVHRV average changes with each beat

HRV Frequency Domains

HRV Frequency Domains• High Frequency (HF) – 0.15 ‐ 0.40 Hz

– Governed exclusively by Parasympathetic effects

• Driven by respiration (specific to depth of respiration)

• Low Frequency (LF) – 0.04 ‐ 0.15 Hz– Both sympathetic and Parasympathetic modulation– Predominately Sympathetic

• Very Low Frequency (VLF) – 0.01 – 0.04 Hz– Governed exclusively by Sympathetic effects

• LF/HF Ratio– Metric of sympathetic‐parasympathetic balance

HRV Frequency Domains

Cognitive Function

• Prefrontal Cortex– Dorsal Lateral Pre‐Frontal Cortex (DLPFC) 

• Motor Cortex

Direct Current (DC) Potential

• DC Potential – Signaling from cell‐to‐cell (mV)

• Relaxed – (+) voltage• Stress – (‐) Voltage• Strength of signal

• Chronic Stress – Long‐term decrease in voltage

• Acute stress – Temporary decrease in voltage

• Dimmer Switch Theory• Increase time to shift from (+) to (‐)

Cellular DC Potential

Stress Reaction

HPA Axis

• Hypothalamus‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis• Maintain Homeostasis (endocrine balance)• Response to stress

– CRF regulates HPA axis– Regulated at the level of the hypothalamus – Glucocorticoids released from adrenal gland

• Mediated by ANS– Sympathetic‐parasympathetic

HPA Axis

Brain‐Body Connection

Stimulus

• Efferent‐Afferent signal• Exteroceptive ‐Interoceptive

Vagus Nerve

• Parasympathetic• Sympathetic

DC Potential

• (+) mV  RELAXED• (‐) mV STRESS

HPA

• Increase Endocrine response• Decrease Endocrine response

Monitoring

• Zephyr, Haldago• Omegawave, BioForce, ithlete,

• Biofeedback• Smart Phone Apps 

Summary

• Brain‐Body Connection• HRV + DC Potential = State of Readiness• Recovery = Optimal State of Readiness

Questions?

Mark D. Stephenson, MS, ATC, CSCS,*D, TSAC‐[email protected]