sports medicine - critical question...

Sports Medicine Critical Question 1.notebook

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Option 4: Sports Medicine

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Critical Questions1. How are sports injuries classified and

managed?2. How does sports medicine address the

demands of specific athletes?3. What role do preventative actions play in

enhancing the wellbeing of the athlete?

4. How is injury rehabilitation managed?


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Syllabus Critical Question 1

www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKbia_VElek

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Heading: How are Sports Injuries Managed and Classified?This critical question focuses on the types of sports injuries and their management/treatment.Sports injuries can be classified both by the type of tissue injured and the way that they were injured. The type of tissue injured and the nature of this injury determines how the injury is then treated

The assessment of injuries is also a pivotal point in this critical question. It is important when sports injury occurs that the athlete is quickly assessed in order to determine if they can continue to play, or need to be removed from competition. This is done by following DRSABCD and TOTAPS. These help to determine the nature and degree of injury that has occurred so that proper treatment can follow.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKbia_VElek


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Heading: How are Sports Injuries Managed and Classified?Heading: Ways to Classify Sports Injuries Sports injuries can be classified by the cause of the injury: • Direct injuries are caused by forces generated from outside the body e.g. bat. Direct injuries occur at the site of contact,

• Indirect injuries are caused by forces from within the body. (Usually soft tissue injuries). Indirect injuries occur away from the site of contact

• Overuse injuries result from excessive and repetitive force over extended periods of time or because of poor technique and lack of recovery.

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Cont.. Sports injuries can also be classified by the tissue type damaged:• Hard tissue injuries are those involving damage to the bones and/or teeth. These are less frequent yet often more serious.

• Softtissue injuries include damage to all tissue other than bones and teeth (e.g. muscle, tendons, ligaments, skin). Soft tissue injuries can be direct such as a blister or bruise at the sight of external force, or they can be indirect injuries caused by internal forces such as a strain or sprain

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Cont..

Copy and complete the table into your workbooks


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Overuse injuriesOveruse injuries are caused by repetitive action. They often begin as small injuries, often due to poor technique or constant repetition of particular movements, and develop into larger injuries because the athlete does not allow enough time to repair/recover from the smaller injury before it is reinjured.

Overuse injuries include soft tissue injuries, such as tendonitis (e.g. tennis elbow) and hard tissue injuries, such as stress fractures.

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Heading: Soft Tissue InjuriesSofttissue injuries are the most common injuriessustained in sport. There are several different types of soft tissue injuries, including tears, sprains, contusions, abrasions, lacerations and blisters.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=5259JOwBJcs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5259JOwBJcs


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Grades of Strains and tears

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Sub: Immediate Treatment of Skin Injuries

The following treatment should be applied to abrasions and lacerations:

• Stop any associated bleeding by applying pressure to injured part and elevate. • Prevent infection by cleaning the wound thoroughly with water or saline solution. Antiseptic may be used• Apply a nonadherent dressing. • Immobilise the wound if it is over a constantly moving part, like the knee or elbow


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Sub: Inflammatory Response

The inflammatory response is the the body's natural response, which occurs immediately following tissue damage. The body’s initial response to the damage is to increase blood flow to the area. The inflammatory response involves three stages:

1. Acute inflammatory phase– usually lasts 48–72 hours– pain– swelling (causes stabilisation of the joint)– redness– heat (due to blood pooling)– loss of function

www.youtube.com/watch?v=c399D0vEgVg

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Cont...

2. Repair/Regeneration phase 72 hours to 6 weeks inflammation decreased collagen replaces the damaged tissue the structure is unorganised production of scar tissue

3. Remodelling Phase– three weeks to 12 months – organising and uniformity of collagen takes place– increased production of scar tissue.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c399D0vEgVg


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Heading: Management of Soft Tissue Injuries

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Heading: Hard Tissue Injuries

Hardtissue injury involves injury to bone. Examples include fractures and dislocations. Fractures are breaks in the bone.

A bone fracture can be a result of highforce impact, repeated stress or direct impact to the bone. Symptoms can include: pain, swelling, deformity and limited movement

Sub: Fractures www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIUhf4tx0RE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIUhf4tx0RE


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Sub: Types of Fractures Fractures can be classified as:• closed where the broken bones does not pierce through the skin• open where the broken bone protrudes thought the skin• complicated where the broken bone damages a major nerve, organ or blood vessel.

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Cont..

Fractures can be further classified as:


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Sub: Fracture Management

1 Follow DRABCD procedures.2 Control any bleeding.3 Identify the type of fracture (if you can)4 Immobilise the fracture with broad bandages/splint/sling.5 Ensure bandages do not cut off circulation.6 Handle gently.7 Call for medical help.

Immobilising a fracture is important to lessen the pain, reduce bleeding and shock, and prevent further damage

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ot7c3syPtr4&list=PLEM4tDIV1msD_XXBqgHGQiAO05KFHFFeX

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Sub: Dislocations When bones are displaced from a joint, this is known as a dislocation. A dislocation can also result in damage to the surrounding ligaments and muscles.Excessive force can move bones out of their joint sockets. Shoulder and finger joints are more susceptible to dislocations.

Signs and symptoms of dislocations include:• pain • limited movement • bruising.• deformity• swelling

A subluxation is the ‘popping in and out’ of a joint, where it dislocates and immediately returns to normal alignment.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ot7c3syPtr4&list=PLEM4tDIV1msD_XXBqgHGQiAO05KFHFFeX


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Sub: Dislocation Management

1. Follow the DRABCD procedure.2. Do not attempt to put the joint back in place. (This must be done by a sports specialist, as there is a risk of nerve damage if the bone is not put back correctly.)

3. Seek medical help.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=jazHMCtS1E

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Heading: Assessment of Injuries

• When faced with an injured person, it is important to follow DRSABCD procedures which may involve resuscitation before the injury is assessed.

• If the injury is not lifethreatening, a sports medicine practitioner can go through TOTAPS as they enter the sporting area.

T – Talk O – Observe T – Touch A – Active movement P Passive movementS Skills test TOTAPS Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jazHMCtS1Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9KUN4y_Qrg


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TOTAPS

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Practice Scenarios

Scenario 1: A hockey player goes in for a tackle and is involved in a heavy collision with another player. The player remains on the ground in intense pain, grasping the lower leg

Scenario 2: At a cross‑country event, a participant cannot continue and is in obvious discomfort with a leg injury

Scenario 3: At a game of rugby union, a player remains lying on the ground after a ruck. The player is conscious and complains of pain in the spinal region

Scenario 4: You arrive at the scene of a cycling accident. The cyclist is attempting to remount the bike and continue the race, but has severely limited movement in one arm

Scenario 5: A 100 metre hurdler pulls up in the middle of the race and grasps his or her knee

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Questions1. Identify a variety of sporting injuries that can be classified as: a) soft tissue b) hard tissue c) overuse

2. Describe practices that should be avoided after receiving a softtissue injury. (3 marks)

3 Outline the procedure for the immediate management of skin injuries. (3 marks)

4. Explain how sporting injuries can be classified. (8 marks)

5. Contrast the management of softtissue injury and hardtissue injury. (8 marks)

6.Describe the inflammatory response and the role it plays in injury rehabilitation. (8 marks)

7. Assess each step of the TOTAPS procedure and the role it plays in the assessment of a sporting injury. (12 marks)


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