Sports MedicineElbow

1

Warm UpO What are the three bones that make

up the arm?O 3 minutes

2

Follow-up Assignment Read pages 416-418 and answer the

following questions?

1. What three articulations make up the elbow joint?

2. What bones make up each joint?

3. What type of articulation is the elbow?

4. What muscles flex the elbow?

3

Arm Anatomy

4

Three bones make up the arm: _________ _________ _________

The has three basic joints. Shoulder

Glenohumeral Elbow

___________ ___________ (Proximal

and Distal) Wrist

The Elbow JointOThree articulations

O ______________: formed by the proximal end of the ulna (trochlear notch) with the distal end of the humerus (trochlea).

O _____________: formed by the proximal end of the radius with the distal end of the humerus (capitulum).O Both make up a ___________ joint.

O _________________: Formed by the proximal end of the radius and ulna. O ____________ joint

5

AssignmentO Copy Table 20.1 into your notes from

page 417.

6

Muscle Function

Brachialis

Triceps Brachii (3 Heads)

Biceps Brachii (2 Heads)

Anconeus

Brachioradialis

Upper Arm Muscular Anatomy

7

Elbow Joint

8

O Humeroradial and Humeroulnar

O Proximal Radioulnar

Elbow Anatomy

9

Anterior Elbow Musculature

10

Posterior Elbow Musculature

11

Elbow StabilityO The elbow is stabilized by two

ligaments:

O_________collateral ligament (_________ Force)

O__________ collateral ligament (_________ Force)

12

Medial Elbow Ligaments

13

Lateral Elbow Ligaments

14

Elbow InjuriesO Common in sports.O Range from strains to dislocations.O Movement of the Elbow

O __________________ (Humeroulnar & Humeroradial)O ________________ (Radioulnar)

O Forces on the ElbowO ___________ Force: Position of a body part that is

bent medially.O ___________ Force: Position of a body part that is

bent laterally.15

Assignment1. Define olecranon bursitis. What is the most common mechanism

of injury? How would you treat it?2. What is an Ulnar nerve Contusion? What is the common term used

to describe this injury? Where is this nerve located? What are the signs and symptoms of this injury?

3. What is epicondylitis? What structures and tissue are involved? What are some common names given to this injury? What are the signs and symptoms of this injury? How would you treat it?

4. What is the most common cause of a ligament sprain in the elbow? What are the signs and symptoms of a ligament sprain?What are the special test used to determine which ligament is injured?

5. What is the mechanism of injury for an elbow dislocation? What are the signs and symptoms? How would you treat this injury?

O Which structures are usually involved in an elbow fracture? (Be specific) What is the primary mechanism of injury for an elbow fracture? What should be monitored during transportation to the hospital? What is a Volkmann’s contracture?

16

Olecranon BursitisO Common injury.

O Due to the lack of protective equipment.

O Mechanism of InjuryO __________blow to the olecranon

process.O Signs and Symptoms

O Swelling and discoloration over posterior elbow

O Point tendernessO ______________skin temperature

O TreatmentO Ice bagO Refer to physician to rule out fracture.

17

Olecranon Bursitis

18

EpicondylitisO Chronic strain and inflammation of the

muscles of the forearm at their __________ on the ___________ of the elbow.

19

Common Names

O __________ Elbow: (Medial)O _____________ Elbow: (Medial)O ____________ Elbow: (Medial)

20

Mechanism of InjuryO _______________

O Too many pitches O Too many shots taken

O Poor or incorrect techniqueO Muscle ________________

O Insufficient conditioningO _________________ equipment.

O Too small of a racquet

21

Signs and SymptomsOPain over either the __________ or

__________ epicondyle.OPoint tenderness over the wrist

_______________ or wrist _______________.

OPain during _____________ wrist flexion or extension.

OSwelling over the affected epicondyle.

O_______________ 22

TreatmentO Determine the ____________O IceO Rest

O Reduces participationO Discontinued participation for a time period.

O Anti-inflammatory drugsO Therapeutic ModalitiesO Rehabilitation exercises.***O Support BraceO Refer to physician in severe cases.

23

Scenario Assignment

O A 15 year old golfer reports to the athletic training room complaining of medial elbow pain. She states that she does not remember doing anything to cause her arm to start hurting. She has pain and weakness with wrist flexion and pronation. You also notice some mild swelling over the medial epicondyle. She states that the pain gets worse during her golf swing.

O What injury are you most likely dealing with? Why?

24

Elbow SprainsOMechanism of Injury

OFalling __________ with the elbow locked in ____________.

O___________OVarus and Valgus Stresses (with

elbow locked into extension)OSigns and Symptoms

OMild swelling and localized painODifficulty ___________OPain during function 25

Treatment of Elbow Sprain

O Discontinue activityO Apply ice and Compression. (Cover

the __________ nerve)O Apply sling and swatheO Refer to physician

26

Elbow Dislocation

27

Elbow DislocationsO Mechanism of Injury

O Fall with the elbow in either a hyperextended or flexed position.

O Anything that causes the radius and ulna to driven posterior.

O Signs and SymptomsO Gross __________ of the elbow.O Severe pain and total __________ of the elbowO Possible ___________ symptoms involving the

_____________ nerve.

28

Treatment of Elbow Dislocations

29

O Immediate application of ice.

O Splint the elbow and wrist on both the anterior and posterior sides.

O Treat for shockO Refer to physician

for immediate reduction.

Reading AssignmentO Please read the section titled “Elbow

Fractures” on pages 174-175 and answer the following questions:O Which structures are usually involved in an

elbow fracture? (Be specific)O What is a Volkmann’s contracture?O What should be monitored during transportation

to the hospital?O What is the primary mechanism of injury for an

elbow fracture?

30

Elbow Fractures

O Involve the _________ humerus, the __________ radius and ulna.

O Can develop serious complications due to the ______________structures that are located in the area.

31

Volkmann’s Contracture

O Volkmann’s Contracture: _______________ of the muscles of the forearm related to a loss of ________ supply caused by a fracture and/or dislocation of either the radius and ulna or the humerus.O If left untreated it can become

____________.

32

Elbow FracturesO Mechanism of Injury

O Falling on the elbow in a _________ position (Olecranon Process)

O Falling back on an _______________ elbow.

O Signs and SymptomsO History of significant trauma to the elbow.O Immediate swellingO Obvious ___________ (Displaced Fracture or

Volkmann’s Contracture)O Possible _______________ symptoms

33

Treatment of Elbow Fractures

O Apply ice immediately. (Avoid ______________)

O Apply splint _______________.O Monitor blood flow __________ to

fracture.O Treat for shock and arrange for

transport to medical facility.

34