spring final review good luck!!!. chapter 17: enlightenment galileo galilei galileo galilei...

Spring Final Spring Final ReviewReviewGood Luck!!!Good Luck!!!

Chapter 17: EnlightenmentChapter 17: Enlightenment Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei

““Father of Observational Astronomy,” his Father of Observational Astronomy,” his ideas were questioned by the Catholic Churchideas were questioned by the Catholic Church

Issac NewtonIssac Newton Scientist who defined laws of motion and Scientist who defined laws of motion and

gravity gravity Francis BaconFrancis Bacon

Created organization method to experiments Created organization method to experiments Hypotheses Hypotheses

CopernicusCopernicus Discovered that the planets revolved around Discovered that the planets revolved around

the sun (heliocentric) the sun (heliocentric)

Chapter 17: EnlightenmentChapter 17: Enlightenment RousseauRousseau

Believed in a social contract among individuals in a societyBelieved in a social contract among individuals in a society Adam SmithAdam Smith

Influenced American economy with ideas of a free Influenced American economy with ideas of a free enterprise systementerprise system

MontesquieuMontesquieu Ideas of government included separation of powers (3 Ideas of government included separation of powers (3

Branches of government)Branches of government) Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes

Believed a society must agree to be governed by an Believed a society must agree to be governed by an absolute rulerabsolute ruler

John LockeJohn Locke Believed individuals are born with natural rights and Believed individuals are born with natural rights and

government must protect rightsgovernment must protect rights

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

George WashingtonGeorge Washington Commander of the Continental Army, 1Commander of the Continental Army, 1stst

President of the USAPresident of the USA Thomas Jefferson-Thomas Jefferson-

Writer of the Declaration of Writer of the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence Made America free from EnglandMade America free from England


Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation (Who had (Who had power? Major Weakness?)power? Major Weakness?)

National gov’t weak- no powerNational gov’t weak- no power State gov’t powerful– had all the powerState gov’t powerful– had all the power

Checks & BalancesChecks & Balances One branch of gov’t limits the power of One branch of gov’t limits the power of

the otherthe other Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers

3 branches of gov’t3 branches of gov’t


FederalismFederalism Power is shared by the national and Power is shared by the national and

state governmentsstate governments Bill of RightsBill of Rights

11stst 10 Amendments to the US 10 Amendments to the US ConstitutionConstitution

Unalienable RightsUnalienable Rights Basic rights a person gets at birthBasic rights a person gets at birth

Chapter 18: French Chapter 18: French RevolutionRevolution

Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath a vow to continue to meet until they had a vow to continue to meet until they had

produced a French constitution produced a French constitution Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the

Citizen Citizen (Gave what rights to whom?)(Gave what rights to whom?) Gave equal rights to the French (left out the Gave equal rights to the French (left out the

French women)French women) TailleTaille

French taxFrench tax Third EstateThird Estate

The class in France who had to pay the TailleThe class in France who had to pay the Taille

Chapter 18: French Chapter 18: French RevolutionRevolution

How was one promoted within How was one promoted within Napoleon’s bureaucracy?Napoleon’s bureaucracy?

based on ability only, not rank or birth based on ability only, not rank or birth Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase

Sold by Napoleon, doubled the size of the Sold by Napoleon, doubled the size of the USUS

How was Napoleon’s Grand Army How was Napoleon’s Grand Army defeated by the Russians?defeated by the Russians?

By retreating hundreds of miles and By retreating hundreds of miles and burning their own villages and burning their own villages and countryside. countryside.

Chapter 19-20: Industrial Chapter 19-20: Industrial RevolutionRevolution

IR created new jobs in the IR created new jobs in the following areas (3):following areas (3):

Railroad Construction, Factory Railroad Construction, Factory Production, Coal MiningProduction, Coal Mining

1st industry to be affected by IR? 1st industry to be affected by IR? Textiles (Cotton Cloth) Textiles (Cotton Cloth)


What was the greatest social What was the greatest social change during the IR?change during the IR?

the emergence of the middle class and the emergence of the middle class and the working class.the working class.

Why did urban population grow Why did urban population grow during the 2nd IR (3)?during the 2nd IR (3)?

More people moved to the cities for More people moved to the cities for jobs, better living conditions people jobs, better living conditions people lived longer, urban life was easierlived longer, urban life was easier


Charles DarwinCharles Darwin Author of the “Survival of the Fittest” Author of the “Survival of the Fittest”

theorytheory Triple EntenteTriple Entente

Great Britain, Russia, FranceGreat Britain, Russia, France Triple AllianceTriple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, ItalyGermany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Chapter 23: World War IChapter 23: World War I

M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI (4):M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI (4): Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism,

NationalsimNationalsim Event that started WWIEvent that started WWI

The Assassination of Archduke Franz The Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandFerdinand

Schlieffen PlanSchlieffen Plan Germany’s plan for a war on two Germany’s plan for a war on two

frontsfronts

Chapter 23: World War IChapter 23: World War I

What caused US to enter WWI?What caused US to enter WWI? Unrestricted Submarine warfare, Unrestricted Submarine warfare,

Zimmermann TelegraphZimmermann Telegraph What was decided at the Paris Peace What was decided at the Paris Peace

Conference (Treaty of Versailles)?Conference (Treaty of Versailles)? Germany was at fault for the warGermany was at fault for the war Harsh peace terms for GermanyHarsh peace terms for Germany

Chapter 24 & 26: World Chapter 24 & 26: World War IIWar II

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg ““Lightning War” a form of attack that used Lightning War” a form of attack that used

tank divisions supported by air attacks tank divisions supported by air attacks DictatorDictator

Someone in complete control of his/her Someone in complete control of his/her countrycountry

FascistFascist -political philosophy that emphasizes -political philosophy that emphasizes

the need for a strong central the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler government led by a dictatorial ruler


Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler Dictator of GermanyDictator of Germany

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini Dictator for ItalyDictator for Italy

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin Dictator of U.S.S.R (Russia)Dictator of U.S.S.R (Russia)


HolocaustHolocaust The slaughter of European civilians, particularly The slaughter of European civilians, particularly

European Jews, by the Nazis European Jews, by the Nazis KristallnachtKristallnacht

Knight of the shattered glass- Nazis targeted Knight of the shattered glass- Nazis targeted Synagogues and Jewish businesses Synagogues and Jewish businesses

Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws They excluded Jews from German citizenship and They excluded Jews from German citizenship and

forbade marriages between Jews and Germans forbade marriages between Jews and Germans Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression PactNazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

An agreement between Hitler and Stalin not to An agreement between Hitler and Stalin not to attack/invade each other’s country-left Hilter free to attack/invade each other’s country-left Hilter free to invade Polandinvade Poland


December 7, 1941December 7, 1941 a surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific a surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific

fleet at Pearl Harbor by Japanfleet at Pearl Harbor by Japan D-DayD-Day

Operation Overlord; History’s Operation Overlord; History’s greatest naval invasion greatest naval invasion

Island-hoppingIsland-hopping U.S. Plan to capture some Japanese-U.S. Plan to capture some Japanese-

held islands and bypass others held islands and bypass others


Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project Plan to develop the Atomic Bomb Plan to develop the Atomic Bomb

Cold WarCold War the period of political tension following the period of political tension following

World War II World War II Iron CurtainIron Curtain

Division between communist and Division between communist and non-communist countriesnon-communist countries

spring final review good luck!!!. chapter 17: enlightenment galileo galilei galileo galilei...

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