sql for sql server, c13© 2002, mike murach & associates, inc. slide 1

SQL for SQL Server, C13 © 2002, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc.

Slide 1

Chapter 13

How to codescripts


Slide 2

Objectives

Applied objectives Given a Transact-SQL script written as a single batch, insert GO

commands to divide the script into appropriate batches. Given the specification for a database problem, write a script that

solves it. Use OSQL to execute a query against a database.

Knowledge objectives Explain the scope of a local variable. Describe the difference between a scalar variable and a table

variable. Compare and contrast the scopes of temporary tables, table

variables, and derived tables.


Slide 3

Objectives (continued) Describe the difference between dynamic SQL and ordinary SQL

code. Given a Transact-SQL script, explain what each statement does.


Slide 4

Batches and the GO

command


Slide 5

GO

• To signal the end of a batch, you use the GO command.

• A GO command isn’t required after the last batch in a script or for a script that contains a single batch.


Slide 6

A script with two batches (part 1)/*Creates three tables in a database named ClubRoster.

Author: Bryan SyversonCreated: 2002-08-12Modified: 2002-09-26*/

CREATE DATABASE ClubRosterGO

USE ClubRoster

CREATE TABLE Members(MemberID int NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,LastName varchar(75) NOT NULL,FirstName varchar(50) NOT NULL,MiddleName varchar(50) NULL)


Slide 7

A script with two batches (part 2) CREATE TABLE Committees (CommitteeID int NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, CommitteeName varchar(50) NOT NULL) CREATE TABLE CommitteeAssignments (MemberID int NOT NULL REFERENCES Members(MemberID), CommitteeID int NOT NULL REFERENCES Committees(CommitteeID))


Slide 8

Statements that must be in their own batch CREATE VIEW CREATE PROCEDURE CREATE FUNCTION CREATE TRIGGER


Slide 9

How to work with scripts A script is a series of SQL statements that you can store in a file. A script can contain one or more batches that execute as a unit. If a statement must be executed before the statements that follow

can succeed, you should include a GO command after it. If you create a database within a script, you have to execute the

batch that contains the CREATE DATABASE statement before you can execute other statements that refer to the database.

Within a batch, the statements are executed in sequence, so be sure to code them in a logical order.


Slide 10

An introduction to the Transact-SQL statementsfor script processing Transact-SQL provides statements that are used within SQL

scripts. These statements add functionality similar to that provided by

procedural programming languages. These statements are part of the Transact-SQL, or T-SQL, language

and aren’t available on SQL-based systems other than SQL Server.


Slide 11

Transact-SQL statements for controlling theflow of executionKeyword DescriptionIF...ELSE Controls the flow of execution based on a

condition.BEGIN...END Defines a statement block.WHILE Repeats statements while a specific condition is

true.BREAK Exits the innermost WHILE loop.CONTINUE Returns to the beginning of a WHILE loop.GOTO Unconditionally changes the flow of execution.RETURN Exits unconditionally.


Slide 12

Other Transact-SQL statements for scriptprocessingKeyword DescriptionUSE Changes the database context to the specified

database.PRINT Returns a message to the client.DECLARE Declares a local variable.SET Sets the value of a local variable or a session

variable.EXEC Executes a dynamic SQL statement or stored

procedure.


Slide 13

Concatenation, cast, convert


Slide 14

Concatenation ( + )

• The SQL standard uses || for concatentation

• Sql Server TSql uses + for concatenation

• Example:

SELECT fname + ' ' + lname as name FROM employees


Slide 15

operands must be character data

• In SQL Server - TSql ...concatenation MUST take two character values (varchar, char, nchar, etc) as its operands

• Neither parameter can be numeric or date types

• The following WILL cause an ERROR (if salary is a money column)

SELECT fname + salaryFROM employees


Slide 16

cast

• Use the SQL standard "cast" operator to convert data from one datatype into another

• The following WILL work:

SELECT fname + cast(salary as varchar(10))FROM employees


Slide 17

convert

• You can use the TSQL "convert" function instead of cast.

• The following is equivalent to the previous example:

SELECT fname + convert(varchar(10), salary)FROM employees


Slide 18Difference between CAST and CONVERT

• differences– standards

• CAST is a standard

• CONVERT is TSQL specific

– extra functionality• CONVERT has one additional piece of functionality that

CAST does not have

• see next slide


Slide 19

Convert (type, data, style)

• Convert takes an optional 3rd (integer) parameter that determines the "style" (AKA format) of the data after the cast.

• If the data is a money value then format has the following possible values:

0 - no commas, two decimal points1 - yes commas, two decimal points2 - no commas, four decimal points


Slide 20

styles for dates, float, real

• See the following URL:– http://doc.ddart.net/mssql/sql70/ca-co_1.htm


Slide 21

TSQL statements


Slide 22

USE statement

• USE <databaseName>– The use statement switches a script to use the specified

database.– A single script can work in more than one database by

issuing the use statement several times


Slide 23

PRINT statement

• PRINT <string expression>– Prints out the value of the string expression.


Slide 24

Variables


Slide 25

The syntax of the DECLARE statement for scalar variables

DECLARE @variable_name_1 data_type [, @variable_name_2 data_type]...


Slide 26

The syntax of the SET statement for a scalar variable

SET @variable_name = expression

An alternate syntax for setting a variable’s value in a select list

SELECT @variable_name = column_specification


Slide 27

A script that uses some of the T-SQL statements USE AP DECLARE @TotalDue money SET @TotalDue = (SELECT SUM(InvoiceTotal - PaymentTotal – CreditTotal) FROM Invoices) IF @TotalDue > 0 PRINT 'Total invoices due = $' + CONVERT(varchar,@TotalDue,1) ELSE PRINT 'Invoices paid in full'


Slide 28

Variables A variable is used to store data. To create a variable, you use the DECLARE statement. The initial

value of a variable is always null. Whenever possible, you should use long, descriptive names for

variables. The name of a variable must start with an at sign (@). To assign a value to a variable, you can use the SET statement for

one variable or the SELECT statement for one or more variables.


Slide 29

Scope of variables The scope of a variable is the batch in which it’s defined, which

means that it can’t be referred to from outside that batch. Because of that, variables are often called local variables.


Slide 30

What can you use a variable for? You can use a variable in any expression, but you can’t use it in

place of an object name or a keyword.


Slide 31

A SQL script that uses variables (part 1)USE AP

DECLARE @MaxInvoice money, @MinInvoice moneyDECLARE @PercentDifference decimal(8,2)DECLARE @InvoiceCount int, @VendorIDVar int

SET @VendorIDVar = 95SET @MaxInvoice = (SELECT MAX(InvoiceTotal) FROM Invoices WHERE VendorID = @VendorIDVar)SELECT @MinInvoice = MIN(InvoiceTotal), @InvoiceCount = COUNT(*)FROM InvoicesWHERE VendorID = @VendorIDVarSET @PercentDifference = (@MaxInvoice - @MinInvoice) / @MinInvoice * 100


Slide 32

A SQL script that uses variables (part 2)PRINT 'Maximum invoice is $' +CONVERT(varchar,@MaxInvoice,1) + '.'PRINT 'Minimum invoice is $' +CONVERT(varchar,@MinInvoice,1) + '.'PRINT 'Maximum is ' +CONVERT(varchar,@PercentDifference) + '% more than minimum.'PRINT 'Number of invoices: ' + CONVERT(varchar,@InvoiceCount) + '.'

The response from the systemMaximum invoice is $46.21.Minimum invoice is $16.33.Maximum is 182.97% more than minimum.Number of invoices: 6.


Slide 33

Table Variables


Slide 34

Scalar vs. table variables

AThe variables that we've seen so far can hold a single data item and is defined with a standard data type. These are called scalar variables.

A variable that can hold an entire table is called a "table variable" (see next slide ...)


Slide 35

The syntax of the DECLARE statement for a tablevariable

DECLARE @table_name TABLE(column_name_1 data_type [column_attributes][, column_name_2 data_type [column_attributes]]...[, table_attributes])


Slide 36

How to work with table variables A table variable can store an entire result set rather than a single

value. To create a table variable, use a DECLARE statement with the

table data type. You use the same syntax for defining the columns of a table

variable as you do for defining a new table with the CREATETABLE statement.

Like a scalar variable, a table variable has local scope, so it’savailable only within the batch where it’s declared.

You can use a table variable like a standard table within SELECT,INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements.

You can’t use a table variable within the INTO clause of aSELECT INTO statement.


Slide 37

A SQL script that uses a table variableUSE AP

DECLARE @BigVendors table(VendorID int,VendorName varchar(50))

INSERT @BigVendorsSELECT VendorID, VendorNameFROM VendorsWHERE VendorID IN (SELECT VendorID FROM Invoices WHERE InvoiceTotal > 5000)

SELECT * FROM @BigVendors

The result set


Slide 38

Derived tables


Slide 39

Derived Tables

• The term "Derived Table" is simply a table that is created as the result of a subquery in the FROM clause.


Slide 40

Temporary Tables


Slide 41

How to work with temporary tables A temporary table exists only during the current database session. In the Query Analyzer, a temporary table is available until you

close the window where you created the table. Temporary tables are useful for testing queries or for storing data

temporarily in a complex script. A local temporary table is visible only within the current session,

but a global temporary table is visible to all sessions. To identify a local temporary table, you prefix the name with a

number sign ( # ). To identify a global temporary table, you prefixthe name with two number signs ( ## ).

If you need to drop a temporary table before the end of the currentsession, you can do that using the DROP TABLE statement.

Temporary tables are stored in the system database named tempdb.


Slide 42

A script that uses a local temporary table insteadof a derived table

SELECT TOP 1 VendorID, AVG(InvoiceTotal) AS AvgInvoiceINTO #TopVendorsFROM InvoicesGROUP BY VendorIDORDER BY AvgInvoice DESC

SELECT Invoices.VendorID, MAX(InvoiceDate) AS LatestInvFROM Invoices JOIN #TopVendors ON Invoices.VendorID = #TopVendors.VendorIDGROUP BY Invoices.VendorID

The result set


Slide 43

A script that creates a global temporary table ofrandom numbers

CREATE TABLE ##RandomSSNs(SSN_ID int IDENTITY,SSN char(9) DEFAULT LEFT(CAST(CAST(CEILING(RAND()*10000000000) AS bigint)AS varchar),9))

INSERT ##RandomSSNs VALUES (DEFAULT)INSERT ##RandomSSNs VALUES (DEFAULT)

SELECT * FROM ##RandomSSNs

The result set


Slide 44

The five types of Transact-SQL table objectsType Scope

Standard table Available within the system until explicitlydeleted.

Temporary table Available within the system while the currentdatabase session is open.

Table variable Available within a script while the currentbatch is executing.

Derived table Available within a statement while the currentstatement is executing.

View Available within the system until explicitlydeleted.


Slide 45

A comparison of the five types of Transact-SQLtables Within a Transact-SQL script, you often need to work with table

objects other than the base tables in your database. The scope of a table object determines what code in the script has

access to that table. Standard tables and views are stored permanently on disk until they

are explicitly deleted, so they have the broadest scope and aretherefore always available for use.

Derived tables and table variables are generally stored in memory,so they can provide the best performance.

Standard tables and temporary tables are always stored on disk andtherefore provide slower performance.


Slide 46

A comparison of the five types of Transact-SQLtables (continued) While a derived table provides better performance, if you need to

use the table in other batches, create a temporary table. If the data needs to be available to other connections to the

database, create a standard table or, if possible, a view. Views provide fast performance since they’re predefined, and high

availability since they’re permanent objects. So you should use aview rather than create a table object whenever that’s possible.

However, you can’t use a view if you need to insert, delete, orupdate the data in the table object without affecting the base tablesof your database.


Slide 47

IFBEGIN

...END

ELSEBEGIN

...END


Slide 48

The syntax of the IF...ELSE statement IF expression {statement|BEGIN...END} [ELSE {statement|BEGIN...END}]

How to perform conditional processing You use the IF…ELSE statement to test a conditional expression.

If the expression is true, the statements that follow the IF keyword are executed. Otherwise, the statements that follow the ELSE keyword are executed if that keyword is included.

If you need to execute two or more SQL statements within an IF or ELSE clause, enclose them within a BEGIN…END block.

You can nest IF...ELSE statements within other IF...ELSE statements. Although SQL Server doesn’t limit the number of nested levels, you should avoid nesting so deeply that your script becomes difficult to read.


Slide 49

A script that tests for outstanding invoices withan IF statement

USE APDECLARE @EarliestInvoiceDue smalldatetimeSELECT @EarliestInvoiceDue = MIN(InvoiceDueDate) FROM Invoices WHERE InvoiceTotal - PaymentTotal - CreditTotal > 0IF @EarliestInvoiceDue < GETDATE() PRINT 'Outstanding invoices overdue!'

The response from the systemOutstanding invoices overdue!


Slide 50

An enhanced version of the same script that usesan IF...ELSE statement (part 1)

USE APDECLARE @MinInvoiceDue money, @MaxInvoiceDue moneyDECLARE @EarliestInvoiceDue smalldatetime, @LatestInvoiceDue smalldatetimeSELECT @MinInvoiceDue = MIN(InvoiceTotal – PaymentTotal – CreditTotal), @MaxInvoiceDue = MAX(InvoiceTotal – PaymentTotal - CreditTotal), @EarliestInvoiceDue = MIN(InvoiceDueDate), @LatestInvoiceDue = MAX(InvoiceDueDate)FROM InvoicesWHERE InvoiceTotal – PaymentTotal - CreditTotal > 0


Slide 51

An enhanced version of the same script that usesan IF...ELSE statement (part 2)

IF @EarliestInvoiceDue < GETDATE() BEGIN PRINT 'Outstanding invoices overdue!' PRINT 'Dated ' + CONVERT(varchar,@EarliestInvoiceDue,1) + ' through ' + CONVERT(varchar,@LatestInvoiceDue,1) + '.' PRINT 'Amounting from $' + CONVERT(varchar,@MinInvoiceDue,1) + ' to $' + CONVERT(varchar,@MaxInvoiceDue,1) + '.' ENDELSE --@EarliestInvoiceDue >= GETDATE() PRINT 'No overdue invoices.'

The response from the systemOutstanding invoices overdue!Dated 06/09/02 through 07/20/02.Amounting from $6.00 to $21,842.00.


Slide 52

DB_IDOBJECT_ID


Slide 53

The syntax of the OBJECT_ID functionOBJECT_ID('object')

The syntax of the DB_ID functionDB_ID('database')

How to test for the existence of a database object Before you work with an object in a database, you’ll want to be

sure that it exists. Similarly, before you create an object in adatabase, you’ll want to be sure that it doesn’t already exist.

You use the OBJECT_ID function to check for the existence of atable, view, stored procedure, user-defined function, or trigger.

You use the DB_ID function to check for the existence of adatabase.

Both functions return a null value if the object doesn’t exist.Otherwise, they return the object’s identification number.


Slide 54

Examples that use the OBJECT_ID and DB_ID functions

Code that tests whether a database exists before deleting it USE master IF DB_ID('TestDB') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE TestDB CREATE DATABASE TestDB

Code that tests for the existence of a table IF OBJECT_ID('InvoiceCopy') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE InvoiceCopy


Slide 55

Another way to test for the existence of a table IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE (TABLE_NAME = 'InvoiceCopy' AND TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE')) DROP TABLE InvoiceCopy


Slide 56

Examples that use the OBJECT_ID and DB_IDfunctions (continued)

Code that tests for the existence of a temporary tableIF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#AllUserTables') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #AllUserTables

Note To test for the existence of a temporary table, you must qualify the

table name with the database that contains it: tempdb. Since this isa system database, you can omit the owner name.


Slide 57

WHILE


Slide 58

The syntax of the WHILE statementWHILE expression {statement|BEGIN...END} [BREAK] [CONTINUE]

How to perform repetitive processing To execute a SQL statement repeatedly, you use the WHILE

statement. This statement is executed as long as the conditionalexpression in the WHILE clause is true.

If you need to execute two or more SQL statements within aWHILE loop, enclose them within a BEGIN…END block.

To exit from a WHILE loop immediately without testing theexpression, use the BREAK statement.

To return to the beginning of a WHILE loop without executingany additional statements in the loop, use the CONTINUEstatement.


Slide 59

A script that tests and adjusts credit amounts witha WHILE loop (part 1)

USE APIF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#InvoiceCopy') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #InvoiceCopySELECT * INTO #InvoiceCopy FROM InvoicesWHERE (InvoiceTotal – CreditTotal - PaymentTotal) > 0

WHILE (SELECT SUM(InvoiceTotal - CreditTotal – PaymentTotal) FROM #InvoiceCopy) >= 50000 BEGIN UPDATE #InvoiceCopy SET CreditTotal = CreditTotal + .01 WHERE InvoiceTotal – CreditTotal - PaymentTotal > 0 IF (SELECT MAX(CreditTotal) FROM #InvoiceCopy) > 3000 BREAK ELSE CONTINUE END


Slide 60

A script that tests and adjusts credit amountswith a WHILE loop (part 2)

SELECT InvoiceDate, InvoiceTotal, CreditTotalFROM #InvoiceCopy

The result set


Slide 61

SYSTEM FUNCTIONS(AKA global variables)


Slide 62

How to use the system functions The system functions return information about SQL Server values,

objects, and settings. A system function can be used anywhere an expression is allowed. System functions are useful in writing scripts. In addition, some of

them can be used to provide a value for a DEFAULT constraint ona column.

System functions used to be called global variables, but that nameis no longer used.

Usually, it’s better to store the value returned by a system functionin a variable than to use the function directly because the value ofthe function can change when subsequent statements are executed.


Slide 63

Some of the Transact-SQL system functions

Function name Description @@IDENTITY Returns the last value generated for an identity

column on the server. Returns NULL if no identity value was generated.

IDENT_CURRENT ('tablename')

Similar to @@IDENTITY, but returns the last identity value generated for a specified table.

@@ROWCOUNT Returns the number of rows affected by the most recent SQL statement.

@@ERROR Returns the error number generated by the execution of the most recent SQL statement. Returns 0 if no error occurred.

@@SERVERNAME Returns the name of the local server. HOST_NAME() Returns the name of the current workstation. SYSTEM_USER Returns the name of the current user.


Slide 64

A script that inserts a new vendor and a newinvoice

USE APDECLARE @MyIdentity int, @MyRowCount int

INSERT Vendors (VendorName, VendorAddress1, VendorCity, VendorState, VendorZipCode, VendorPhone, DefaultTermsID, DefaultAccountNo)VALUES ('Peerless Binding', '1112 S Windsor St', 'Hallowell', 'ME', '04347', '(207) 555-1555', 4, 400)

SET @MyIdentity = @@IDENTITYSET @MyRowCount = @@ROWCOUNT

IF @MyRowCount = 1 INSERT Invoices VALUES (@MyIdentity, 'BA-0199', '2001-08-01', 4598.23, 0, 0, 4, '2001-09-06', NULL)

The response from the system(1 row(s) affected)(1 row(s) affected)


Slide 65

Session settings and the SET

command


Slide 66

Transact-SQL statements for changing sessionsettingsStatement DescriptionSET DATEFORMAT format Sets the order of the parts of a date

(month/day/year) for entering date/timedata. The default is mdy.

SET NOCOUNT {ON|OFF} Determines whether SQL Server returnsa message indicating the number ofrows that were affected by a statement.OFF is the default.

SET ANSI_NULLS {ON|OFF} Determines how SQL Server handlesequals and not equals comparisons withnull values. The default is ON, in whichcase “WHERE column = NULL” willalways return an empty result set, evenif there are null values in the column.


Slide 67

Transact-SQL statements for changing sessionsettings (continued)Statement DescriptionSET ANSI_PADDING{ON|OFF}

Determines how SQL Server stores char andvarchar values that are smaller than thecolumn length or that contain trailingblanks. The default is ON, which meanschar values are padded with blanks andtrailing blanks in varchar values are nottrimmed. OFF means that char values thatdon’t allow nulls are padded with blanks,but blanks are trimmed from char valuesthat allow nulls amd from varchar values.

SET ROWCOUNT number Limits the number of rows that areprocessed by a query. The default setting is0, which causes all rows to be processed.


Slide 68

How to change the session settings You use the SET statement to change configuration settings for the

current session. These settings control the way queries and scriptsexecute.

If the ANSI_NULLS option is set to ON, you can only test for nullvalues in a column by using the IS NULL clause.

Instead of using the SET ROWCOUNT statement to limit thenumbers of rows that are processed by a query, you should use theTOP clause.

A statement that changes the date formatSET DATEFORMAT ymd


Slide 69

Dynamic SQL and the EXEC

command


Slide 70

The syntax of the EXEC statement{EXEC|EXECUTE} ('SQL_string')

How to use dynamic SQL The EXEC statement executes the SQL statement contained in a

string. Because you define the SQL string within the script, you can create

and execute SQL code that changes each time the script is run.This is called dynamic SQL.

You can use dynamic SQL to perform operations that can’t beaccomplished using any other technique.


Slide 71

A script that uses an EXEC statementUSE APDECLARE @TableNameVar varchar(128)SET @TableNameVar = 'Invoices'EXEC ('SELECT * FROM ' + @TableNameVar)

The contents of the SQL string at executionSELECT * FROM Invoices


Slide 72

A script that creates a table with one column for each vendor with a balance due (part 1)

USE AP DECLARE @DynamicSQL varchar(8000) IF OBJECT_ID('XtabVendors') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE XtabVendors SET @DynamicSQL = 'CREATE TABLE XtabVendors (' SELECT @DynamicSQL = @DynamicSQL + '[' + VendorName + '] bit,' FROM Vendors WHERE VendorID IN (SELECT VendorID FROM Invoices WHERE InvoiceTotal - CreditTotal - PaymentTotal > 0) ORDER BY VendorName SET @DynamicSQL = @DynamicSQL + ')' EXEC (@DynamicSQL) SELECT * FROM XtabVendors


Slide 73

A script that creates a table with one column foreach vendor with a balance due (part 2)

The contents of the SQL string that’s created by the scriptCREATE TABLE XtabVendors ([Abbey Office Furnishings]bit,[Blue Cross] bit,[Cardinal Business Media, Inc.]bit,[Coffee Break Service] bit,[Compuserve]bit,[Computerworld] bit,[Data Reproductions Corp]bit,[Federal Express Corporation] bit,[Ford Motor CreditCompany] bit,[Ingram] bit,[Malloy Lithographing Inc]bit,[Pacific Bell] bit,[Roadway Package System, Inc]bit,[United Parcel Service] bit,[Wells Fargo Bank]bit,[Zylka Design] bit,)

The result set


Slide 74

A script that creates a summary of the tables in adatabase (part 1)

/*Creates and queries a table, #TableSummary, that liststhe columns for each user table in the database, plusthe number of rows in each table.

Author: Bryan SyversonCreated: 2002-07-02Modified: 2002-07-16*/

USE AP

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#TableSummary') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #TableSummary


Slide 75


SELECT TABLE_NAME AS TableName, COLUMN_NAME AS ColumnName, DATA_TYPE AS TypeINTO #TableSummaryFROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNSWHERE TABLE_NAME IN (SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE (TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' AND TABLE_NAME NOT IN ('dtproperties', 'TableSummary', 'AllUserTables')))

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#AllUserTables') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #AllUserTables

CREATE TABLE #AllUserTables(TableID int IDENTITY, TableName varchar(128))GO


Slide 76


INSERT #AllUserTables (TableName)SELECT TABLE_NAMEFROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLESWHERE (TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' AND TABLE_NAME NOT IN ('dtproperties', 'TableSummary', 'AllUserTables'))

DECLARE @LoopMax int, @LoopVar intDECLARE @TableNameVar varchar(128), @ExecVar varchar(1000)

SELECT @LoopMax = MAX(TableID) FROM #AllUserTables

SET @LoopVar = 1


Slide 77


WHILE @LoopVar <= @LoopMax BEGIN SELECT @TableNameVar = TableName FROM #AllUserTables WHERE TableID = @LoopVar SET @ExecVar = 'DECLARE @CountVar int ' SET @ExecVar = @ExecVar + 'SELECT @CountVar = COUNT(*) ' SET @ExecVar = @ExecVar + 'FROM ' + @TableNameVar + ' ' SET @ExecVar = @ExecVar + 'INSERT #TableSummary ' SET @ExecVar = @ExecVar + 'VALUES (''' + @TableNameVar + ''',' SET @ExecVar = @ExecVar + '''*Row Count*'',' SET @ExecVar = @ExecVar + ' @CountVar)' EXEC (@ExecVar) SET @LoopVar = @LoopVar + 1 END


Slide 78


SELECT * FROM #TableSummaryORDER BY TableName, ColumnName

The contents of the SQL string for one iteration of theloopDECLARE @CountVar int SELECT @CountVar = COUNT(*) FROMContactUpdates INSERT #TableSummary VALUES('ContactUpdates','*Row Count*', @CountVar)

The result set


Slide 79

OSQL


Slide 80

A Command Prompt window running OSQL


Slide 81

How to use OSQL OSQL is a utility that runs T-SQL scripts from a command line. To open a command prompt window where you can start OSQL,

select StartProgramsAccessoriesCommand Prompt. Whenyou’re done, enter “exit.”

To start an OSQL session, enter the OSQL command at the C:\>prompt along with the appropriate command line switches.

Once you’re running OSQL, enter the statements you want toexecute followed by the GO command, or use one of the commandline switches.

To exit from OSQL, enter the Exit command.


Slide 82

Command line switchesSwitch Function-? Show a summary of all command line switches.-E Use a trusted connection (Windows

authentication mode).-L List the names of the available servers.-S server_name Log in to a specific server.-U user_name Log in as a specific user (SQL Server

authentication mode).-P password Specify the password in the command line (SQL

Server authentication mode).-Q "query" Execute the specified query, then exit.-i file_name Specify the name of the script file to be executed.-o file_name Specify a file in which to save system responses.

sql for sql server, c13© 2002, mike murach & associates, inc. slide 1

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