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8/8/2019 SQL Notools99

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Life Without Tools:Life Without Tools:MonitoringMonitoring

Database ActivityDatabase ActivityWith The Power OfWith The Power Of

SQLSQLAri KaplanAri Kaplan

Independent ConsultantIndependent Consultant


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Topic OverviewWhich users are logged on to the database?Which users are logged on to the database?

What SQL statement is a particular user accountWhat SQL statement is a particular user account

executing?executing?

Setting up an interactive script for viewing users and SQLSetting up an interactive script for viewing users and SQL

What is myWhat is my datafiledatafile activity like?activity like?

Which rollback segments are being used by which userWhich rollback segments are being used by which user

accounts?accounts?

What has the largest number of concurrent users been?What has the largest number of concurrent users been?Which locks are being held?Which locks are being held?

Which users have hogged up the most CPU usage?Which users have hogged up the most CPU usage?

What is the archiving status of the database?What is the archiving status of the database?


3/27

Quick Overview of TypicalQuick Overview of TypicalMonitoring ViewsMonitoring Views

DDaattaaDDiiccttiioonnaarryyVViieeww WWhhaattIItt hhoowwss

DDBB __FFRREEEE__SSPP EE FFrreeeecchhuunnkkssooffttaabblleessppaaccee

DDBB __DD TT __FFIILLEESS DDaattaa FFiilleellooccaattiioonn aann ssiizzeess

VV$$FFIILLEESSTT TT RReeaa ss//WWrriitteessttoo aattaaffiilleess

VV$$SSGG SSTT TT DDeettaaiillee sshhaarree ppooooll iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn ((ffrreeeemmeemmoorryy,, eettcc))

VV$$RROOLLLLSSTT TT RRoollllbbaacckk SSeeggmmeennttIInnffoorrmmaattiioonn ((sshhrriinnkkss,, ooppttiimmaall ssiizzee,, ))

VV$$SSEESSSSIIOONN IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn oonn ccoonnnneeccttiioonnss

VV$$SSYYSSSSTT TT 220000 ssyysstteemm--wwii eessttaattiissttiiccss

VV$$PP RR MMEETTEERR IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn ppaarraammeetteerr sseettttiinnggss

VV$$LLOO LLoocckksswwiitthhiinn tthhee aattaabbaassee

DDBB __SSEEGGMMEENNTTSS SSeeggmmeennttssaann hhooww mmaannyy eexxtteennttss,, nneexxtteexxtteenntt


4/27

Who Is Logged On?Who Is Logged On?

The $SESSION view containsThe $SESSION view containsinformation on all active sessions:information on all active sessions:

SELECTSELECT sid, schemaname, osusersid, schemaname, osusersubstr(machine,1,20) Machinesubstr(machine,1,20) Machine

FROMFROM v$sessionv$session

ORDER BYORDER BY schemaname;schemaname;


5/27

A sample output from the above SQL follows:A sample output from the above SQL follows:

SIDSID SCHEMANAMESCHEMANAME OSUSEROSUSER MACHINEMACHINE

11 SYSSYS

22 SYSSYS

33 SYSSYS

44 SYSSYS

77 SYSTEMSYSTEM platplat headqheadq1313 SYSTEMSYSTEM oracleoracle headqheadq

66 WWW_DBAWWW_DBA oracleoracle uk_officeuk_office

1414 WWW_DBAWWW_DBA oracleoracle uk_officeuk_office

1212 PRODMANPRODMAN mr_bossmr_boss ny_officeny_office

Who Is Logged On?Who Is Logged On?

SELECT sid, schemaname, osuser, substr(machine,1,20) Machine

FROM v$session

ORDER BY schemaname;


6/27

What QL tate ent Is AWhat QL tate ent Is A

articular User Acc

ount xec

uting?ar

ticular User Acc

ount

xecut

ing?SELECTSELECT sql_textsql_text

FROMFROM v$sqlareav$sqlarea

WHEREWHERE (address, hash_value)(address, hash_value) ININ

((SELECTSELECT sql_address,sql_address,

sql_hash_valuesql_hash_value

FROMFROM v$sessionv$sessionWHEREWHERE sid = &sid_number);sid = &sid_number);


7/27

A sample output from the above SQL follows:A sample output from the above SQL follows:Enter value for sid_numberEnter value for sid_number:: 1717

old 1: WHERE SID = &sid_numberold 1: WHERE SID = &sid_number

new 1: WHERE USERNAME = 17new 1: WHERE USERNAME = 17SQL_TEXTSQL_TEXT

Update EMP set first_name = Ari whereUpdate EMP set first_name = Ari wherefirst_name = Arie;first_name = Arie;

What QL tate entIs A articular User AccountWhat QL tate entIs A articular User Accountxecuting?xecuting?

SELECTSELECT sql_textsql_text


WHEREWHERE (address, hash_value)(address, hash_value) ININ((SELECTSELECT sql_address,sql_address,


FROMFROM v$sessionv$session

WHEREWHERE sid = &sid_number);sid = &sid_number);


8/27

UNIX Script SQL_RUNUNIX Script SQL_RUN

SELECTSELECT sid, schemaname, osuser,sid, schemaname, osuser,

substr(machine,1,20) Machinesubstr(machine,1,20) Machine FROMFROM v$sessionv$session

ORDER BYORDER BY schemaname;schemaname;

Setting Up An InteractiveScript or ViewingSetting Up An InteractiveScript or ViewingUsers AndSQLUsers AndSQL

SQL Script SQL1.SQLSQL Script SQL1.SQL

SELECTSELECT sql_textsql_text


WHEREWHERE (address, hash_value)(address, hash_value) ININ

((SELECTSELECT sql_address,sql_address,


FROMFROM v$sessionv$sessionWHEREWHERE sid= sid_number;sid= sid_number;

SQL Script SQL2.SQLSQL Script SQL2.SQL

Who is logged

in to the

database?

What SQL is

used?

echo Enter the database to connect to:

read DATABASEecho Enter the password for the SYSTEM user:

stty -echoecho Password:\c

read PASSWD

stty echo

echo sqlplus system/$PASSWD\@DATABASE


9/27

SELECTSELECT file_name, phyrds, phywrts,file_name, phyrds, phywrts,

decode(phyrds,0,0,phyblkrd/phyrds) Blocks/Readdecode(phyrds,0,0,phyblkrd/phyrds) Blocks/Read

decode(phywrts,0,0,phyblkwrt/phywrts) Blocks/Writedecode(phywrts,0,0,phyblkwrt/phywrts) Blocks/Write

FROMFROM dba_data_files, v$filestatdba_data_files, v$filestat

WHEREWHERE dba_data_files.file_id=v$filestat.file#dba_data_files.file_id=v$filestat.file#;;

FILE_NAMEFILE_NAME PHYRDSPHYRDS PHYWRTSPHYWRTS BLOCKS/READBLOCKS/READ BLOCKS/WRITEBLOCKS/WRITE

/u01/oradata/PRODDB/system01.dbf 10243 3478 4.928/u01/oradata/PRODDB/system01.dbf 10243 3478 4.928 11

/u02/oradata/PRODDB/rbs01.dbf 1759 49649 1/u02/oradata/PRODDB/rbs01.dbf 1759 49649 1 11

/u03/oradata/PRODDB/temp01.dbf 0 0 0/u03/oradata/PRODDB/temp01.dbf 0 0 0 00

/u04/oradata/PRODDB/tools01.dbf 0 0 0/u04/oradata/PRODDB/tools01.dbf 0 0 0 00/u05/oradata/PRODDB/ctxdata01.dbf 187293 15846 1.959/u05/oradata/PRODDB/ctxdata01.dbf 187293 15846 1.959 11

/u05/oradata/PRODDB/ctxdata02.dbf 455377 397 4 14. 258/u05/oradata/PRODDB/ctxdata02.dbf 455377 397 4 14. 258 11

/u05/oradata/PRODDB/ctxindex01.dbf 332860 616291 1.248 1/u05/oradata/PRODDB/ctxindex01.dbf 332860 616291 1.248 1

/u02/oradata/PRODDB/rbs02.dbf 91528 11593 6.130/u02/oradata/PRODDB/rbs02.dbf 91528 11593 6.130 11

What is y datafile activity like?What is y datafile activity like?


10/27

Which oll ack Seg ents AreWhich oll ack Seg ents Areeing Used y Which Usereing Used y Which User

Accounts?Accounts? SET T A SACTIO USE OLL ACKSEGMENT

roll ack seg ent_na e specifies a roll ack seg entto

use. This is issued first, or i ediately after COMMIT orOLL ACK.

UseV OLLSTAT andV OLLNAME to getgeneralroll ack seg entactivity

LinkV OLLNAME withV LOCKandV SESSION todeter ine whichusers areusing which roll ack seg ents.

More infor ation on theusers can e collected y furtherjoining withtheV OC ESS view.


11/27

Which oll ack Seg ents AreWhich oll ack Seg ents Areeing Used y Which Usereing Used y Which User

Accounts?Accounts? When a user is doing roll ack activity, Oracle creates a

latch (lock oftype TX) on an extentof a roll ack

seg ent.

The USN (UniqueSerial Number) ofV OLLNAME linkswithV LOCKsID1 column. TheID1 column containstheobject idoftheobject(rollback segment) being locked.

TheV LOCKview contains a SID column which linkstotheSID column ofV SESSION.

TheV SESSION view linkstotheV OC ESS view via theADDR column.


12/27

NAMENAME

USNUSN

WhichRollback Segments Are eingWhichRollback Segments Are eingUsed y Which User Accounts?Used y Which User Accounts?

V$ROLLNAMEV$ROLLNAME

ID1ID1

SIDSID

TYPETYPE

LMODELMODE

V$LOCKV$LOCK

SIDSID

PADDRPADDR

V$SESSIONV$SESSIONADDRADDRPIDPID

SPIDSPID

USERNAMEUSERNAME

TERMINALTERMINAL

V$PROCESSV$PROCESS

NOTE: Only relevant columns are listed with tables


13/27

echo Enter the password for the SYSTEM user:echo Enter the password for the SYSTEM user:

read PASSWDread PASSWD

sqlplus system/$PASSWD


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15/27

WhatHas The LargestNumber OfWhatHas The LargestNumber OfConcurrentUsers een?ConcurrentUsers een?

setpagesize 24setpagesize 24

set linesize 100set linesize 100

SELECTSELECT rpad(c.name||:,11)||chr(9)||chr(9)||rpad(c.name||:,11)||chr(9)||chr(9)||

rpad( current logons=||(to_number(b.sessions_current)rpad( current logons=||(to_number(b.sessions_current)--1),20)||chr(10)||1),20)||chr(10)||

cumulative logons=||rpad(substr(a.value,1,12),12)||chr(9)||cumulative logons=||rpad(substr(a.value,1,12),12)||chr(9)||

highwater mark=||b.sessions_highwater||chr(9)highwater mark=||b.sessions_highwater||chr(9)

FROMFROM v$sysstat a, v$license b, v$database cv$sysstat a, v$license b, v$database c

WHEREWHERE a.name = logons cumulative;a.name = logons cumulative;


16/27

PINDB: current logons=298 cumulativePINDB: current logons=298 cumulative

logons=7967 highwater mark=391logons=7967 highwater mark=391

Output from

the preceding

SQL:



17/27


export LOGDIR=$ORACLE_HOME/udumpecho Enterthe password forthe SYSTEM user:

read PASSWD

for SID inPRODDB TESTDB TRAINDB DEVDB

do

sqlplus system/$PASSWD@$SID > $LOGDIR/temp_users.lstset linesize 100SELECT rpad(c.name||:,11)||chr(9)||chr(9)||

rpad( current logons=||(to_number(b.sessions_current)-1),20)||chr(10)||

cumulative logons=||rpad(substr(a.value,1,12),12)||chr(9)||

highwater mark=||b.sessions_highwater||chr(9)

FROM v\$sysstat a, v\$license b, v\$database cWHERE a.name = logons cumulative;

EOF

done

cat$LOGDIR/temp_users.lst |grep LOG > $LOGDIR/archive`date +%m%d`.log

rm $LOGDIR/temp_users.lst

Loop through

four

databases


18/27

PRODDB: current logons=298 cumulative logons=7967 highwater mark=391PRODDB: current logons=298 cumulative logons=7967 highwater mark=391

TESTDB: current logons=15 cumulative logons=187 highwater mark=15TESTDB: current logons=15 cumulative logons=187 highwater mark=15

TRAINDB: current logons=8 cumulative logons=613 highwater mark=25TRAINDB: current logons=8 cumulative logons=613 highwater mark=25

DEVDB: current logons=23 cumulative logons=1024 highwater mark=30DEVDB: current logons=23 cumulative logons=1024 highwater mark=30

Output from the preceding SQL for

four databases:



19/27

Which Locks Are eing Held?Which Locks Are eing Held?---- V LOCK V LOCKholds information on internal Oracle locks.holds information on internal Oracle locks.

---- Six viewsshow information more clearly:Six viewsshow information more clearly:

DBA_LOCK:DBA_LOCK: locksheld and locks requested;isblocking?locksheld and locks requested;isblocking?

DBA_LOCK_INTERNAL:DBA_LOCK_INTERNAL: locksheld and locks requestedlocksheld and locks requested

DBA_DML_LOCKS:DBA_DML_LOCKS: DML locks (subsetofDBA_LOCK)DML locks (subsetofDBA_LOCK)

DBA_DDL_LOCKS:DBA_DDL_LOCKS: DDL locks (subsetofDBA_LOCK)DDL locks (subsetofDBA_LOCK)DBA_WAITERS:DBA_WAITERS: whichsessions areholding and waitingwhichsessions areholding and waiting

for locks?for locks?

DBA_BLOCKERS:DBA_BLOCKERS: whichsessions areholding locksbutwhichsessions areholding locksbutare notwaiting on another lock themselves?are notwaiting on another lock themselves?

---- These are createdby theThese are createdby theORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catblock.sqlORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql scriptscript

---- UseUse ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utllockt.sqlORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utllockt.sql to analyzetheseto analyzethese

views.views.


20/27

SELECT * FROM DBA_LOCK;SELECT * FROM DBA_LOCK;

SESSION_ID TYPE MODE_HELD MODE_REQUESTEDSESSION_ID TYPE MODE_HELD MODE_REQUESTED------------------------------ -------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------LOCK_ID1 LOCK_ID2 LAST_CON ERT BLOCKING_OTHERSLOCK_ID1 LOCK_ID2 LAST_CON ERT BLOCKING_OTHERS------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------2 Media Recovery Share None2 Media Recovery Share None

212 0 113054 Not Blocking212 0 113054 Not Blocking

4 Redo Thread Exclusive None4 Redo Thread Exclusive None1 0 0 Not Blocking1 0 0 Not Blocking

310 Transaction Exclusive None310 Transaction Exclusive None196612 399886 123 Not Blocking196612 399886 123 Not Blocking

310 DML Row310 DML Row--X (SX) NoneX (SX) None438580 0 123 Not Blocking438580 0 123 Not Blocking

Which Locks AreBeing Held?Which Locks AreBeing Held?


21/27


22/27

SELECTSELECT lpad( ,3*levellpad( ,3*level--1)) || waiting_sessions1)) || waiting_sessions

WAITING SESSION,WAITING SESSION,

lock_type, mode_requested, mode_held,lock_type, mode_requested, mode_held,

lock_id1, lock_id2lock_id1, lock_id2

FROMFROM lock_holderslock_holdersCONNECT BY PRIORCONNECT BY PRIOR

waiting_session=holding_sessionwaiting_session=holding_session

START WITH holding_session IS NULL;START WITH holding_session IS NULL;WAITING_ LOCK_ MODE_ MODE_ LOCK_WAITING_ LOCK_ MODE_ MODE_ LOCK_

LOCK_LOCK_

SESSION TYPE REQUESTED HELD ID1 ID2SESSION TYPE REQUESTED HELD ID1 ID2

-------------------- -------------- -------------------------- -------------- ---------------- ------------133 None133 None

319 Transaction Exclusive Exclusive 196613 406415319 Transaction Exclusive Exclusive 196613 406415

Which Locks AreBeing Held?Which Locks AreBeing Held?


23/27

NAMENAME

STATISTIC#STATISTIC#

CLASSCLASS

Which Users Have Hogged Up TheWhich Users Have Hogged Up TheMostCPU Usage?MostCPU Usage?

V$STATNAMEV$STATNAME

PROGRAMPROGRAM

TYPETYPE

SQL_ADDRESSSQL_ADDRESS

SQL_HASH_VALUESQL_HASH_VALUE

MODULEMODULE

MODULE_HASHMODULE_HASH

ACTIONACTION

ACTION_HASHACTION_HASH

CLIENT_INFOCLIENT_INFO

FIXED_TABLE_SEQUENCEFIXED_TABLE_SEQUENCE

ROW_WAIT_OBJ#ROW_WAIT_OBJ#

ROW_WAIT_FILE#ROW_WAIT_FILE#

ROW_WAIT_BLOCK#ROW_WAIT_BLOCK#

ROW_WAIT_ROW#ROW_WAIT_ROW#

LOGON_TIMELOGON_TIME

LAST_CALL_ETLAST_CALL_ET

PDML_ENABLEDPDML_ENABLED

FAILOVER_TYPEFAILOVER_TYPE

FAILOVER_METHODFAILOVER_METHODFAILED_OVERFAILED_OVER

V$SESSIONV$SESSION

SIDSID

STATISTIC#STATISTIC#

VALUEVALUE

V$SESSTATV$SESSTATSADDRSADDR

SIDSIDSERIAL#SERIAL#

AUDSIDAUDSID

PADDRPADDRUSER#USER#

USERNAMEUSERNAMECOMMANDCOMMAND

OWNERIDOWNERID

TADDRTADDR

LOCKWAITLOCKWAIT

STATUSSTATUS

SERVERSERVER

SCHEMA#SCHEMA#

SCHEMANAMESCHEMANAME

OSUSEROSUSER

PROCESSPROCESS

MACHINEMACHINETERMINALTERMINAL

like %CPU used by

this session%


24/27

SELECTSELECT substr(sn.name,1,30) parameter,substr(sn.name,1,30) parameter,

ss.username || (|| se_sid ||) user_process, se.valuess.username || (|| se_sid ||) user_process, se.value

FROMFROM v$session ss, v$sesstat se, v$statname snv$session ss, v$sesstat se, v$statname sn

WHEREWHERE se. statistic# = sn.statistic#se. statistic# = sn.statistic# ANDAND

sn.namesn.name LIKELIKE %CPU used by this session%%CPU used by this session%ANDAND

se.sid=ss.sidse.sid=ss.sid

ORDER BYORDER BY sn.name, se_valuesn.name, se_value DESC;DESC;

PARAMETER USER_PROCESS VALUEPARAMETER USER_PROCESS VALUE---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------

CPU used by this session OLAP_MAN (390) 15230CPU used by this session OLAP_MAN (390) 15230

CPU used by this session PIN (35) 4324CPU used by this session PIN (35) 4324

CPU used by this session OPERATOR (17) 157CPU used by this session OPERATOR (17) 157

CPU used by this session SYS (11) 0CPU used by this session SYS (11) 0

Which Users Have Hogged Up TheWhich Users Have Hogged Up TheMostCPU Usage?MostCPU Usage?


25/27

SVRMGRL>SVRMGRL> ARCHIVE LOG LIST;ARCHIVE LOG LIST;

Database log modeDatabase log mode No Archive ModeNo Archive Mode

Automatic archivalAutomatic archival DisabledDisabledArchive DestinationArchive Destination ?/dbs/arch?/dbs/arch

Oldest online log sequenceOldest online log sequence 45254525

Current log sequenceCurrent log sequence 45284528

WhatIs The Archiving Status Of TheWhatIs The Archiving Status Of TheDatabase?Database?

Why is archiving important?What happens when the archive volume fills up?How do you find the archiving status?

How do you turn on archiving?


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SELECTSELECT NAME=|| a.name, LOG_MODE=|| a.log_mode,NAME=|| a.name, LOG_MODE=|| a.log_mode,

LOG_ARCHIVE_START=|| b.value,LOG_ARCHIVE_START=|| b.value,

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=|| c.value,LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=|| c.value,

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=|| d.valueLOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=|| d.value

FROMFROM v$database a, v$parameter b, v$parameter c,v$database a, v$parameter b, v$parameter c,v$parameter dv$parameter d

WHEREWHERE b.name=log_archive_startb.name=log_archive_startANDAND

c.name=log_archive_destc.name=log_archive_destANDAND

d.name=log_archive_formatd.name=log_archive_format;;NAME=PINDBNAME=PINDB

LOG_MODE=NOARCHIVELOGLOG_MODE=NOARCHIVELOG

LOG_ARCHIVE_START=TRUELOG_ARCHIVE_START=TRUE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=/u01/oracle/product/8.0.3/dbs/archLOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=/u01/oracle/product/8.0.3/dbs/arch

LOG_ARCHIVE_FOMAT=_%s_%t.logLOG_ARCHIVE_FOMAT=_%s_%t.log

WhatIs The Archiving Status Of TheWhatIs The Archiving Status Of TheDatabase?Database?


27/27

Where to Now?Where to Now? There are many discussion Newsgroups on the internet for you to give questionsThere are many discussion Newsgroups on the internet for you to give questions

and get answers:and get answers:

comp.databases.oracle.servercomp.databases.oracle.server

comp.databases.oracle.toolscomp.databases.oracle.tools

comp.databases.oracle.misccomp.databases.oracle.misc

These can be accessed through a newsgroup program or These can be accessed through a newsgroup program or www.deja.comwww.deja.com

Aris free Oracle Tips web page at:Aris free Oracle Tips web page at:

There are over 370 tips and answers to questions that have been posed to me over theThere are over 370 tips and answers to questions that have been posed to me over theyears. This paper will be downloadable from the web page as well.years. This paper will be downloadable from the web page as well.

Other good sites with links:Other good sites with links: www.orafaq.org, www.orafans.com, www.ioug.org,www.orafaq.org, www.orafans.com, www.ioug.org,www.orasearch.com, www.revealnet.comwww.orasearch.com, www.revealnet.com

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