SS Chapter 10

Twenties and Thirties

Lesson 1

Timeline: 1920-1930 Vocabulary: boom, assembly line, division of

labor, stock, stock market Main Idea: The U.S. economy grew during

the 1920s.

The government encouraged economic growth during the 1920s.

Changes in Production

After WWI ended, Warren Harding became the U.S. President. His slogan was “Back to Normalcy”.

The U.S. became the richest country in the world!

Henry Ford developed the assembly line to mass produce his Model T cars. His division of labor produced cars quickly and cheaply.

Cars Cars Cars Cars Cars Cars

Because Ford spent less to make his car, he could charge less and still profit. Other industries copied Ford and profited.

In 1921, 1.5 million cars sold. In 1929, 4.5 million cars sold.

Consumer goods, like vacuums, washing machines, and toasters sold rapidly.

Saving and Investing

Banks grew due to savings accounts. People were able to borrow this money.

People invested in stocks sold by companies. When companies did well, their stock were worth more money. If companies did not do well, stock prices dropped. Fortunately, during the 20’s, companies did well!

The Stock Market

A company raises money by selling stocks. Investors buy shares of stock in the

company. The company is a success and the value of

stock rises making investors money. The company is unsuccessful and the value

of the stock falls loosing investors money.

Government

Three similar Republican Presidents: Harding, Coolidge and Hoover.

Coolidge wanted government to act like a business and take in more money than it was spending. He cut taxes.

Hoover believed that real economic growth came from the hard work of ordinary people.

Let the good times roll….

In the 20’s, people in the U.S. thought this prosperity would last forever!

Summary:

The American economy boomed during the 1920’s.

Mass production helped the economy grow. Some Americans invested in the stock

market in the 1920’s. Mass production, assembly lines, and

division of labor is still used today in the U.S.

Questions????????

Why did Americans buy more consumer goods in the 20’s than before?

How did the Presidents of the 20’s have similar thoughts and expectations?

How does a strong economy affect American citizens?

How did Henry Ford change the way cars were made?

Lesson 2 The Roaring Twenties

Timeline: 1920-1933 Vocabulary: broadcast, aviator, prohibition Main Idea: During the 1920’s, the U.S.

became more urban, and new technology changed the way people lived.

New kinds of music, art, and literature became popular in the 20’s.

Discrimination and crime became problems.

Tech changes lives

Instead of farming, people took jobs in factories and moved to urban areas. Purchasing cars made travel easier. Families started taking vacations.

Electricity changed homes. In 1920, 35% homes had electricity. In 1930, 70% homes had electricity.

Wake up Women

Now women had more free time due to electric appliances making their daily chores quicker and easier. They began to do things they had never done before like play sports, go to college, get a job, wear short dresses, wear lipstick, and vote.

Flappers!

Young women cut their hair short and wore lipstick to go dancing.

The Charleston and Swing became popular dances.

Jazz and the Harlem Renaissance

Music changed to jazz. Harlem was a center for African American musicians, writers and artists. A renaissance is a time when there is new interest in the arts.

Duke Ellington was a famous band leader and composed many songs.

People gathered around the radio to listen to music, news, and stories.

New Entertainment

The 1st radio broadcast was in 1920 in Pittsburgh. It was reporting that Harding won the Presidential election.

Commercials advertised consumer goods. Movies even became popular but had no

sound. The first “talkie” was in 1927.

Sports

Babe Ruth and Jack Dempsey were favorite athletes in the 20’s.

Due to more leisure time, people got involved in playing and watching sports more often.

Aviation

Wright Brothers flew first for minutes in 1903. But in the 1927, Charles Lindbergh flew his plane called “Spirit of St. Louis” alone across the Atlantic ocean. Amelia Earhart and Bessie Coleman inspired women to fly. Coleman had to travel to France to learn to fly due to discrimination of African Americans in the U.S.

Problems of the 20’s

Prejudice: women, African Americans, and Mexican Americans

Prohibition: forbidding the sell and use of alcohol

Violence and crime Farming: Allies no longer needed extra food

so demand and prices dropped

Summary…..

Electricity and appliances changed lifestyles. Music and art changed due to the Harlem

Renaissance. Prohibition ended up causes more crime. The prosperity of the 1920’s brought with it

new forms of entertainment, such as radio and movies, that are still enjoyed today.

Questions????

In what ways did people use their cars in the 1920’s?

What effect did electricity have on people’s lives?

What was the Harlem Renaissance? What did Charles Lindbergh accomplish?

Lesson 3

Timeline: 1929-1940 Vocabulary: unemployment, depression,

debt, charity Main Idea: Economic problems in the U.S.

increased after the stock market crashed in 1929?

The Great Depression caused much hardship.

Stock Market Crashed in 1929

Stock market crashed means the total value of all the stocks in the market fell very quickly. Stockholders panicked and sold their shares and thousands of people lost lots of money.

Economy slows down….

Stores ordered less because customers were buying less. Fewer orders meant factories fired workers. Then they spent less money and more businesses closed. The Dominoe effect led to the Great Depression….

Debt is bad all the time!

Banks failed due to all the debt owed. People who had money in the bank lost it.

Unemployment in 1929 was around 1.9 million, by 1931 it was around 8 million and by 1933 it rose to around 12.5 million Americans.

People sold apples on the street to try to make some money.

Hard Times

Thousands of people without jobs lost their houses due to debt.

Charities and religious groups donated free food to the needy.

About 25% or 1/4 of the people that wanted to work were unemployed.

The Dust Bowl

Great Plains had a severe drought that made things worse for farmers. Dust storms ruined crops.

Many sharecroppers left and went to other states for work and survival.

Artists depicted the Depression

Dorothea Lange-photographer Woody Guthrie-songwriter and singer

Their work showed the despair of Americans lifestyle.

Summary…..

The economic boom of the 20’s was followed by a depression in the 30’s.

After the stock market crashed people bought fewer goods and factories fired workers.

Millions of Americans were without jobs, hungry, and homeless during the Depression.

Questions????????

Why were bank failures one cause of the Depression?

Why did many businesses close in the 30’s? How did the stock market crash in 1929? Why did farmers move from the Great

Plains? How do you think the depression affected

school aged children?

Lesson 4

Timeline: 1932-1939 Vocabulary: hydroelectricity, Social Security,

regulation, minimum wage Main Idea: FDR was elected President

because Americans needed new hope. The U.S. government created programs that

gave people food, shelter, and jobs during the Depression.

Election of 1932

Hoover was President during the Depression. Hoover asked Congress to help the Americans by loaning money to banks, railroads and other companies.

Franklin D. Roosevelt thought the government should create programs to help Americans.

Roosevelt’s New Deal

CCC-created jobs to conserve and protect environment

TVA-built dams on river to create hydroelectricity for rural areas

WPA-built streets, libraries, schools, parks-paid artist to paint on buildings

SSA-provides money to people over 65 and to disabled people

More New Deal

Banking regulations-FDIC insured Minimum wage-law stating the lowest

amount one can pay a worker

The economy improved and gave Americans hope!

Eleanor Roosevelt

Wife of President Roosevelt (First Lady) Worked to get people, especially women to

work Spoke out for the rights of workers, African

Americans and children

Quote-

“ The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”

-FDR

What do you think he meant?

Summary….

Hoover did not help the economy FDR became President FDR created the New Deal The New Deal put Americans back to work

and gave them hope. New Deal was the beginning of a more active

role for the federal government in the economy.

Questions??????????

Describe 3 of the jobs created by the New Deal.

How was FDR’s opinion of the economy different from Hoover’s?

How was the First Lady influential to Americans during the depression?

TEST TIME!!!

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