SS8H9The student will describe the impact of

World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politicallyA. Describe the impact of events leading up to

American involvement in World War II, include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor

B. Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson

C. Explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians

D. Discuss President Roosevelt’s ties to GA including his visits to Warm Springs and his impact on the state

Germany on the rise again Out of the frustration of

WWI defeat, Nazi party rises to power in Germany

Great Britain and other European countries hope to avoid another war with Germany

Appeasement – the policy of giving an aggressor what it wants in order to avoid conflict

In 1939 Germany invades Poland; Great Britain and France declare war on Germany

Neutral United StatesUnited States watched as Japan, Italy, the

Soviet Union, and Germany carved up the world.

Isolationism – the idea of not taking part in the affairs of other nations

However, before entering the war itself, the U.S. sold weapons to the Allied Powers

When the British ran out of cash to buy weapons, Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, under which the U.S. sent war material to the Allies in exchange for leases on military bases in the Allied countries

World War II countriesAxis powers – Germany, Italy,

Japan, Allied powers – Great Britain,

France, United States, Soviet Union*

Soviet Union – at first, Germany and the Soviet Union were conquering land; they were considered allies, but Germany turned on the Soviet Union

The European Theater

France surrenders – June, 1940

Leaders of the NationsGermany – Adolf HitlerJapan – Emperor HirohitoItaly – Benito MussoliniSoviet Union – Joseph StalinGreat Britain – Winston ChurchillUnited States – Franklin

Roosevelt

The Leaders

Japan on the riseTo protest Japanese expansion, the

United States stopped exporting airplanes, metals, aircraft parts, and aviation fuel to Japan

After Japan invaded French Indochina in 1941, Roosevelt seized all Japanese property in the U.S.

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Sunday morning, December 7, 1941.

Pearl Harbor

Pearl HarborThis surprise attack on the U.S.

becomes known as the “day that will live in infamy”

U.S. Navy’s Pacific fleet was destroyedAll eight battleships were destroyed or

severely damaged2,000 people were killed; 1,000 were

injuredDecember 8, 1941, the U.S. declares

war on Japan because of Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor – U.S.S. Arizona

U.S. arms for warAfter Pearl Harbor, the

government decided to build additional aircraft plants to make the B-29 bomber

Bell Aircraft Company of Buffalo, NY built a new plant in Marietta, GA

In 1943, the plant employed 1200 people; by 1945, it employed 27,000 workers

The Marietta plant was the largest aircraft assembly plant in the world

The Bell AircraftIt closed after

WWII; had built 668 planes

Opened back up in 1950 by Lockheed Aircraft Corporation

Still located in Marietta

Savannah & Brunswick ShipyardsLiberty ships were built at the

Savannah & Brunswick ShipyardsLiberty ships were cargo ships

named by President Roosevelt.First of GA’s Liberty ships was

launched in November 1942 – the U.S.S. James Oglethorpe

88 Liberty ships were built in Savannah

99 Liberty ships were built in Brunswick

Liberty Ships

WWII Military Bases in GAMajor military bases – Fort Benning

(Columbus), Camp Gordon (Augusta), Fort Stewart and Hunter Air Field (Savannah), Warner Robbins Air Field (Macon)

Fort Benning – largest infantry center in the country

Glynco Naval Air Station (Brunswick) – flew blimps along the coast in search of German subs

WWII Military Bases in GAPrisoners of War were held at Fort

Benning, Fort Gordon, Fort Oglethorpe, and Fort Stewart

Fort McPherson (Atlanta) – a major induction center for newly drafted soldiers from all over the country

Richard B. Russell, Jr.Georgia’s youngest governor

◦He consolidated 102 state offices into 17 agencies

◦He created the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia – a combination of the boards of trustees of state colleges and universities into one group

◦He ran the state like a successful business

Richard B. Russell, Jr.Later, he served thirty-eight

years as a U.S. Senator from Georgia

Supported government program to provide a school lunch to all children

He was a respected advisor to six U.S. presidents; as pro tempore (head) of the U.S. Senate, he was third in line for the presidency

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

Carl VinsonOne of Georgia’s most influential

leadersHe served twenty-five

consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives

He represented Georgia’s interest in the military through his work with the House Naval Affairs Committee and the House Armed Services Committee

He had a major influence in promoting a strong national defense

Carl VinsonIn 1934, he helped authorize the

manufacture of 92 major warships because of tensions in Europe

He expanded the naval aviation system to include 10,000 planes, train 16,000 pilots, and establish 20 air bases

He is referred to as the “father of the two-ocean navy.”

Carl Vinson

Nazi Germany and the HolocaustAdolf Hitler, dictator of Germany,

instigated the Holocaust.Holocaust: The name given to the

systematic killing of 6 million JewsAn additional 5-6 million people,

labeled as “undesireables,” were also killed

Concentration Camps – the final solution to the Jewish problem◦Examples: Auschwitz, Buckenwald,

Dachau, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen

The Holocaust

People died from starvation, disease, mistreatment, and medical experiments

Prisoners, including children, were killed in gas chambers; once dead, they were incinerated in ovens or thrown in mass graves

The Holocaust

The Holocaust

The Holocaust

The HolocaustIn 1986, the Georgia Commission

on the Holocaust was created “to take lesson from the history of the Holocaust and use them to help lead new generations of Georgians beyond racism and bigotry.”

The Commission sponsors an art and writing contest for Georgia middle and high school students

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaOne of Roosevelt’s New Deal

programs – the NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act)

It was designed to help workers by setting minimum wages, permitting workers to organize unions, and allowing factories to cut back on production.

This legislation mainly affected the textile industry

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaThe NIRA was a major threat to

mill ownersThe mill owners used a stretch

out – a practice that requires workers to tend more machines

Workers had to do the same amount of work in an 8-hour shift that they had previously done in a 12- hour shift

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaThus, textile workers all over the

South joined in a strike45,000 union workers in Georgia

took partThe strike caused financial

hardships for the workers, so the union called off the strike eventually

So how did the NIRA affect GA? Resulted in a strike in the textile industry

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaIn 1924, Roosevelt began visiting

Warm Springs as treatment for his polio

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaBecause of the warm springs, he

built a small house there in 1932 – it became known as the “Little White House”

The warm mineral waters of Warm Springs eased his polio

Franklin D. Roosevelt & GeorgiaHe died on April 24, 1945 from a

stroke at his house in Warm Springs

Harry Truman became the next president of the United States and authorized the use of the atomic bomb at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan to help end World War II.

Atomic Bomb (Atom Bomb)

Atomic Bomb (Atom Bomb)

Atomic Bomb (Atom Bomb)

Carl VinsonWarm SpringsFor t McPhersonPearl HarborBell AircraftSavannahBrunswickRichard B. Russell JrHolocaustLend leaseBoll weevil

DroughtAAACCCEugene TalmadgeRural

Electrification Authority

Great DepressionSocial SecurityNew DealFDR