· s.saravanan, m.sc., b.ed., pgdca., brte, aranthangi. cell:9787619010 1. which type of...

LEARN/TEACH ENGLISH –CONDITIONAL SENTENCES WITH IF

PREPARED BY

S.SARAVANAN, M.Sc., B.Ed., PGDCA.,

BRTE, ARANTHANGI. CELL:9787619010

Grammar-Clauses OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES:

1. Kalpana wants to buy a phone but she does not have enough money. (Independent Clause) (Independent Clause)

,

.

2. If you don’t study well, you won't pass the exam. (Dependent Clause) (Independent Clause)

,

.

3. Kavin bought a car which was too expensive. (Independent Clause) (Dependent Clause)

.

4. Sanjai is a talented player though he is out of form. (Independent Clause) (Dependent Clause)

, .

Independent clauses are known as main clauses are complete

sentences. They can stand alone and express a complete

thought.

Examples:

I need a book.- .

Mary prefers coffee.- .

Ram is a good volley ball player.- .

Dependent clauses are also known as subordinate clauses contain

a subject and a predicate, but they do not express a complete

thought.

Examples:

When it is raining-

Because you were late-

After you go to school-

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There are three main types of dependent clauses: adjective,

adverb and noun.

1. An adjective clause describe or gives more information about a

noun-tell us which one, what kind, or how many.

Example:

The book that I left on the bus belongs to Mr.Baskar.

.

2. An adverb clause describe or gives more information about the

verb-tell us when, where, how, to what extent, or under what

condition something is happening.

Example:

She was happy because her father gave her a watch.

.

3. A noun clause takes the place of a noun in the sentence.

Example:

This is the best route that I know.

.

Conditional sentences with ‘If’

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses.

They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can

only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled.

If

.

(if )

(without if)

.

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1. Which type of conditional sentences is it?

2. Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the

conditional sentence)?

There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

.

Conditional Sentence Type 1 [Probable Condition]

It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

,

.

Example:

If I find her address, I will send her an invitation. ,

.

Conditional Sentence Type 2 [Improbable Condition]

It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

.

Example:

If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

,

.

Conditional Sentence Type 3 [Impossible Condition]

It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the

past.

Example:

If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

,

.

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Type If-clause Main clausTYPES

IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

I

Simple Present

If I study, will + infinitive

I will pass the exam. II Simple Past

If I studied, would + infinitive

I would pass the

exam. III Past Perfect

If I had studied, would + have + past participle

I would have passed

the exam.

We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are

sometimes possible, too).

I would pass the exam.

I could pass the exam.

I might pass the exam.

I may pass the exam.

I should pass the exam.

I must pass the exam.

EXERCISE-1

Find the correct conditions (types of if-clauses). Mind the underlined verb

forms.

1. If it rains, I'll wear a raincoat.

type I (probable condition)

type II (improbable condition)

type III (impossible condition) 2. If we had taken enough water, we wouldn't have been thirsty.



type III (impossible condition) 3. If the children were older, they would go to the party.



type III (impossible condition)

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4. Harry could fly to Helsinki if he had more money.




5. If Mark does the washing up, his mother will have more time for him.




6. What would you do if you saw a burglar?




7. We might have had a glass of hot chocolate if you had bought some milk.




8. If I were you I should keep the secret.




9. Ron would understand more if the teacher spoke clearly.




10. If Doris had got up earlier, she wouldn't have been late for school.




ANSWER: EXERCISE-1

1. If it rains, I'll wear a raincoat. type I (probable condition)

, .

2. If we had taken enough water, we wouldn't have been thirsty. type III

(impossible condition)

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,

.

3. If the children were older, they would go to the party. type II (improbable

condition)

,

.

4. Harry could fly to Helsinki if he had more money. type II (improbable

condition)

.

5. If Mark does the washing up, his mother will have more time for him. type I

(probable condition)

Ntiy , hf

.

6. What would you do if you saw a burglar? type II (improbable condition)

?

7. We might have had a glass of hot chocolate if you had bought some milk. type

III (impossible condition)

.

8. If I were you I should keep the secret. type II (improbable condition)

.

9. Ron would understand more if the teacher spoke clearly. type II (improbable

condition)

.

10. If Doris had got up earlier, she wouldn't have been late for school. type III


,

.

EXERCISE-2

Find the correct conditions (types of if-clauses).

1. If it wasn't so late, I would go shopping.




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2. Henry would have phoned his mother if he hadn't texted her.




3. I would buy a Ferrari if I had a lot of money.




4. If we had known of your arrival, we would have been at the airport.




5. I could have helped you if you had told me the truth.




6. If you were driving from Budapest to Munich which way would you go?




7. We ought to have arrived at lunchtime if we hadn't taken the M25.




8. If the weather had been better, the plane might not have crashed.




9. We can visit the museum if we have time.




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10. If Andy had played in the team, they might have won the match.




ANSWER : EXERCISE-2

1. If it wasn't so late, I would go shopping. type II (improbable condition)

, .

2. Henry would have phoned his mother if he hadn't texted her. type III


.

3. I would buy a Ferrari if I had a lot of money. type II (improbable condition)

.

4. If we had known of your arrival, we would have been at the airport. type III


,

.

5. I could have helped you if you had told me the truth. type III (impossible

condition)

.

6. If you were driving from Budapest to Munich which way would you go? type II

(improbable condition)

?

7. We ought to have arrived at lunchtime if we hadn't taken the M25. type III


M25 ஐ

.

8. If the weather had been better, the plane might not have crashed. type III


,

.

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9. We can visit the museum if we have time. type I (probable condition)

.

10. If Andy had played in the team, they might have won the match. type III


,

.

EXERCISE-3

Put in the verbs in brackets and form a Conditional sentence. Mind

the negations in some sentences.

EXAMPLE:

If we had taken the train, we__________ (not/to arrive) on time.

ANSWER:

If we had taken the train, we would not have arrived on time.

1. If they (to listen) carefully, they might hear the

woodpecker.

2. If I had lain down on the sofa, I (to fall) asleep.

3. Susan could have worked as a model if she (to

be) taller.

4. The soil (not/to dry out) if you water the plants

regularly.

5. If you (to give) the young boy this stick, he'd hurt

himself.

6. We (not/to take) the wrong tram if Ronaldo had

asked the policewoman.

7. If the cat hides in the tree, the dog (not/to

find) it.

8. The students would have solved the problem if they

(to use) their textbooks.

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9. If he washed his feet more often, his girlfriend (to visit) him more often.

10. Max (to read) the newspaper if he went by train.

ANSWER: EXERCISE-3

1. If they listened carefully, they might hear the woodpecker.

,

.

2. If I had lain down on the sofa, I would have fallen asleep.

, .

3. Susan could have worked as a model if she had been taller.

.

4. The soil will not dry out if you water the plants regularly.

.

5. If you gave the young boy this stick, he'd hurt himself.

,

.

6. We would not have taken the wrong tram if Ronaldo had asked the

policewoman.

.

7. If the cat hides in the tree, the dog will not find it.

, .

8. The students would have solved the problem if they had used their textbooks.

.

9. If he washed his feet more often, his girlfriend would visit him more often.

,

.

10. Max would read the newspaper if he went by train.

.

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EXERCISE-4 TYPE-II [Negative]

Complete the following:

1. If I _______(meet) Richard, I would tell him about our new

office.

2. If the steak was not so hot, we_______ (eat) it.

3. What would you do if it_________(rain)?

4. He________(help) me if he could .

5. If Andrew prepared the meal, I_________(not/come) for

dinner.

6. My father would not be angry with me if I_______(come) home

early.

7. We______ (not/have) a pet if we lived in a flat.

8. If he_______ (speak) French, he would get the job in Marseille.

9. If you______ (take) the 7:40 flight, you would not have to

change at Heathrow.

10. I would not stay long if Gerry_______ (sing) at the party.

ANSWER: EXERCISE-4

1. If I met Richard, I would tell him about our new office.

, .

2. If the steak was not so hot, we would eat it.

,

.

3. What would you do if it rained?

?

4. He would help me if he could .

.

5. If Andrew prepared the meal, I would not come for dinner.

,

.

6. My father would not be angry with me if I came home early.

.

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7. We would not have a pet if we lived in a flat.

uhzp .

8. If he could speak French, he would get the job in Marseille.

,

.

9. If you took the 7:40 flight, you would not have to change at Heathrow.

7:40 ,

.

10. I would not stay long if Gerry sang at the party.

.

EXERCISE-5

A. Complete the Conditional Sentences. Decide whether to use Type I, II or III.

1. If I had time, I __________ (go) shopping with you.

2. If you __________ (speak) English, you will get along with them

perfectly.

3. If they had gone for a walk, they __________ (turn) the lights

off.

4. If she __________ (come) to see us, we will go to the zoo.

5. I would have told you, if I __________ (see) him.

B. Choose the best answer.

1. I will come if I __________ time.

a. have b. had c. will have

2. If he is late, we __________ without him.

a. would start b. would have started c. will start

3. If you __________ me, I would tell you.

a. will ask b. asked c. had asked

4. Will it be all right if I __________ a friend tonight?

a. had brought b. bring c. brought

5. If you __________ to learn a musical instrument, you have to

practice.

a. wants b. wanted c. want

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C. Match the following.

1. If they worked hard a)She will come to our party.

2. If I invite Shalini b)I would have bought these shoes

3. If I had got enough money c)They would win.

D. Fill in the blanks with correct verb forms.

1. If you ________ out with your friends tonight, I _____ the

football match on TV.

a. go, would watch b. go, will watch c. go, have watched

2. If he __________ harder, he __________ his goals.

a. tries, would reach b. tried, will reach c. tried, would reach

3. If we __________ to the radio, we __________ the news.

a. listen, will hear b. had listen, will hear c. listen, would hear.

ANSWER: EXERCISE-5 (A)

1. If I had time, I would go shopping with you. [Type II]

,

.

2. If you speak English, you will get along with them perfectly. [Type

I]

, .

3. If they had gone for a walk, they would have turned the lights

off. [Type III]

,

. 4. If she come to see us, we will go to the zoo. [Type I]

,

.

5. I would have told you, if I had seen him. [Type III]

,

.

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ANSWER: EXERCISE-5 (B)

1. I will come if I have time. [Type I]

a. have b. had c. will have .

2. If he is late, we will start without him. [Type I]

a. would start b. would have started c. will start ,

.

3. If you asked me, I would tell you. [Type II]

a. will ask b. asked c. had asked , .

4. Will it be all right if I bring a friend tonight? [Type I]

a. had brought b. bring c. brought

?

5. If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice.

[Type I]

a. wants b. wanted c. want ,

.

ANSWER: EXERCISE-5 (C)

1. If they worked hard c)They would win.

2. If I invite Shalini a)She will come to our party.

3. If I had got enough money b)I would have bought these shoes

ANSWER: EXERCISE-5 (D)

1. If you go out with your friends tonight, I will watch the football

match on TV.

a. go, would watch b. go, will watch c. go, have watched ,

.

2. If he tried harder, he would reach his goals.

a. tries, would reach b. tried, will reach c. tried, would reach

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,

.

3. If we listen to the radio, we will hear the news.

a. listen, will hear b. had listen, will hear c. listen, would hear.

3. , .

EXERCISE-6

Form meaningful sentences. Match the if-clauses on the left with

the main clauses on the right.

1. If Steven_______ (get) out, he'll never take an umbrella with

him.

2. If Jack_______ (be) at school today, he would know about the

history test.

3. If Steven______ (eat) so many sweets, he will get fat.

4. If Jack_______ (wash) his feet, it would not smell in our

room.

5. If Steven______(not/ foul) the other players so often, he

would be in the school team.

6. If Jack___ (read) the newspaper regularly, he could be better

at social studies.

7. If Steven______(not/play) the music too loud, his neighbor

would not be angry with him.

8. If Jack____(turn) off the heating more often, he can save

more money.

9. If Steven_____ (open) the windows, the air in the room will be

better.

10. If Jack______ (ride) his old bike more carefully, his parents

would buy him a new one.

ANSWER: EXERCISE-6

1. If Steven gets out, he'll never take an umbrella with him.

,

.

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2. If Jack was at school today, he would know about the history test.

, .

3. If Steven eats so many sweets, he will get fat.

,

.

4. If Jack washed his feet, it would not smell in our room.

,

.

5. If Steven didn't foul the other players so often, he would be in the school

team.

,

.

6. If Jack read the newspaper regularly, he could be better at social studies.

,

.

7. If Steven didn't play the music too loud, his neigbour would not be angry with

him.

,

gf;fj;J tPl;L;f;fhuu; .

8. If Jack turns off the heating more often, he can save more money.

,

.

9. If Steven opens the windows, the air in the room will be better.

,

.

10. If Jack rode his old bike more carefully, his parents would buy him a new one.

,

.

EXERCISE-7

Choose the correct phrases and form a Conditional sentence – type

I or II. Mind the position of the if-clause and negations.

1. If we cycle to Dresden, it______ (be) a fantastic trip.

2. I will miss the school bus if I______(not/get) up early.

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3. Harriet______(stay) longer in Vienna if she had more time.

4. She would support the people in Peru if she_____(buy) her

coffee beans in this shop.

5. If I______(not/see) Claire today, I will phone her this evening.

6. If Carlos goes sailing, he______(need) a life-jacket.

7. If my brother parked his car here, the traffic

warden_____(give) him a ticket.

8. You_____(catch) a cold if you don't wear a pullover.

9. If you______(drink) more of this sweet lemonade, you will

get sick.

10. If Marcus_____(sing) in the shower, I will turn up the radio

up to full volume.

ANSWER: EXERCISE-7

1. If we cycle to Dresden, it will be a fantastic trip.

,

.

2. I will miss the school bus if I don't get up early.

.

3. Harriet would stay longer in Vienna if she had more time.

.

4. She would support the people in Peru if she bought her coffee beans in this

shop.

.

5. If I don't see Claire today, I will phone her this evening.

,

.

6. If Carlos goes sailing, he'll need a life-jacket.

,

.

7. If my brother parked his car here, the traffic warden would give him a ticket.

,

.

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8. You'll catch a cold if you don't wear a pullover.

.

9. If you drink more of this sweet lemonade, you will get sick.

,

.

10. If Marcus sings in the shower, I will turn up the radio up to full volume.

,

.

EXERCISE-8

Choose the correct phrases and form a Conditional sentence – type

I, II or III. Mind the position of the if-clause and negations.

1. If I______ (go) to Leipzig, I'll visit the zoo.

2. If it____(not/rain), we'd be in the garden.

3. If you_____ (wear) a lighter jacket, the car driver would have

seen you earlier.

4. We_____ (watch) TV tonight if Peter hadn't bought the

theatre tickets.

5. She wouldn't have had two laptops if she_____ (not/lent) one to

her friend.

6. If I was/were a millionaire, I_____(live) in Beverly Hills.

7. You would save energy if you_____(switch off) the lights more

often.

8. If we had read the book, we_____(understand) the film.

9. My sister could score better on the test if the

teacher_____ (explain) the grammar once more.

10. They_________ (arrive) on time if they hadn't missed the

train.

ANSWER: EXERCISE-8 1. If I go to Leipzig, I'll visit the zoo.

,

.

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2. If it didn't rain, we'd be in the garden.

, .

3. If you had worn a lighter jacket, the car driver would have seen you earlier.

,

.

4. We would have watched TV tonight if Peter hadn't bought the theatre tickets.

.

5. She wouldn't have had two laptops if she had not lent one to her friend.

.

6. If I was/were a millionaire, I would live in Beverly Hills.

/ ,

.

7. You would save energy if you switched off the lights more often.

.

8. If we had read the book, we would have understood the film.

, .

9. My sister could score better on the test if the teacher explained the grammar

once more.

.

10. They might have arrived on time if they hadn't missed the train.

.

EXERCISE-9

Form Conditional sentences.

1. If you like, you_____(stay) for two days.

2. If I____(seen) the film in the cinema, I wouldn't have

watched it on TV again.

3. If the parents bought the cat, their children______(be) very

happy.

4. Metal_____ (expand) if you heat it.

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5. He______(receive) my e-mail if he'd been online yesterday

evening.

6. They'd have been able to return the bottle if

they____(not/tear off) the labels.

7. If she____ (tidy) up her room, she must find the receipt.

8. What _________ (do) you if you had a million dollars.

9. Where would you live if you_____(be) younger.

10. If you_____ (wait) for a little moment, I'll tell the

doctor you are here.

ANSWER: EXERCISE-9 1. If you like, you can stay for two days.

, .

2. If I had seen the film in the cinema, I wouldn't have watched it on TV again.

,

.

3. If the parents bought the cat, their children would be very happy.

,

.

4. Metal expands if you heat it.

.

5. He should have received my e-mail if he'd been online yesterday evening.

.

6. They'd have been able to return the bottle if they hadn't torn off the labels.

.

7. If she tidies up her room, she must find the receipt.

,

.

8. What would you do if you had a million dollars?.

?.

9. Where would you live if you were younger?.

?.

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10. If you wait for a little moment, I'll tell the doctor you are here.

,

.

EXERCISE-10

Form Conditional sentences using the forms from the drop down

menu. Mind the positions of the if clauses and the negations.

1. If it rains, the boys_______ (not/play) hockey.

2. If he_______ (grow) his own vegetables, he wouldn't have to

buy them.

3. Jim________ (see) whisky distilleries if he travelled to

Scotland.

4. Would you go out more often if you_______ (not/have) to do so

much in the house?

5. She wouldn't have yawned the whole day if she_______

(not/stay up) late last night.

6. If you_______ (wait) a minute, I'll come with you.

7. If we arrived at 10, we________ (miss) Tyler's presentation.

8. We ________ (help) John if we'd known about his problems.

9. If they_______ (use) new batteries, their camera would have

worked correctly.

10. If I could go anywhere, it_______ (be) New Zealand.

ANSWER: EXERCISE-10

1. If it rains, the boys won't play hockey.

, .

2. If he grew his own vegetables, he wouldn't have to buy them.

,

.

3. Jim would see whisky distilleries if he travelled to Scotland.

.

4. Would you go out more often if you didn't have to do so much in the house?

?

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5. She wouldn't have yawned the whole day if she hadn't stayed up late last

night.

.

6. If you wait a minute, I'll come with you.

, .

7. If we arrived at 10, we would miss Tyler's presentation.

10 ,

.

8. We would have helped John if we'd known about his problems.

.

9. If they had used new batteries, their camera would have worked correctly.

,

.

10. If I could go anywhere, it would be New Zealand.

, .

EXERCISE-11

I. Complete the sentences.

1. type I: They (to fly) to Canberra if

they (to have) more money.

2. type III: If the sun (to shine),

we (to go) swimming.

3. type II: If I (to study), I (to

pass) the test.

4. type I: If the sun (to shine), we

(to go) swimming.

5. type II: They (to fly) to Canberra if


6. type II: If the sun (to shine), we

(to go) swimming.

7. type I: If I (to study), I (to

pass) the test.

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8. type III: They (to fly) to Canberra if


9. type III: If I (to study), I (to

pass) the test.

II. Put in the correct verb forms.

1. If Sarah (not/to eat) so much junk food, she

could have been in the school hockey team.

2. John's mother (to have) more time for him if he

does the washing up.

3. He can write good stories if he (to feel) like it.

4. If Alice (to have) more money, she would go to

Africa.

5. If the weather had been better, we (to come) by

bike.

6. If Brian (to like) horses, he could ride more often.

7. If you listened carefully, you (to know) about it.

8. If you were older, you (to go) to the party.

9. If Steven had taken his camera, he (to take) nice

pictures.

10. They will stay longer in Paris if they (to find) a

cheap hotel.

III. Which answers are correct?

1. Which words/phrases can be used in an if-clause type II?

had sung

has played

play

played

sang

sing

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2. Which words/phrases can be used in an if-clause type I?

had played

play

played

plays

sang

sing

will sing 3. Which words/phrases can be used in an if-clause type III?

had played

had sung

has played

have played

have sung

sang

IV. Finish the sentences. Use the correct phrases.

1. I would go to the party if you______ (come) with me.

2. If I were you, I_________ (not/play) hockey.

3. If you wait a minute, I_________ (go) with you.

4. If Amy does the washing up, her brother_____(clear) the

table.

5. My uncle would stay longer in York if he_____(have) more time.

6. If we had seen the film, we______ (not/buy) the DVD.

7. You would have slept much better if you_______ (take) your

medicine.

8. The teacher will not be happy if we_______ (forget) our

homework again.

9. If he studied the new words, he_____ (get) a good mark in the

test.

10. If you drove from Paris to Lisbon, which way______ (go) you?

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ANSWERS: EXERCISE-11

I. Complete the sentences.

1. type I: They will fly to Canberra if they have more money.

.

2. type III: If the sun had shone, we would have gone swimming.

, .

3. type II: If I studied, I would pass the test.

, .

4. type I: If the sun shines, we will go swimming.

, .

5. type II: They would fly to Canberra if they had more money.

.

6. type II: If the sun shone, we would go swimming.

, .

7. type I: If I study, I will pass the test.

, .

8. type III: They would have flown to Canberra if they had had more money.

.

9. type III: If I had studied, I would have passed the test.

, .

II. Put in the correct verb forms.

1. If Sarah had not eaten so much junk food, she could have been in the school

hockey team.

, .

2. John's mother will have more time for him if he does the washing up.

.

3. He can write good stories if he feels like it.

.

4. If Alice had more money, she would go to Africa.

,

.

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5. If the weather had been better, we would have come by bike.

, .

6. If Brian liked horses, he could ride more often.

,

.

7. If you listened carefully, you would know about it.

, .

8. If you were older, you could go to the party.

, .

9. If Steven had taken his camera, he would have taken nice pictures.

,

.

10. They will stay longer in Paris if they find a cheap hotel.

.

III. Which answers are correct?

1. Which words/phrases can be used in an if-clause type II? played, sang

2. Which words/phrases can be used in an if-clause type I? play, plays, sing

3. Which words/phrases can be used in an if-clause type III? had played, had

sung

IV. Finish the sentences. Use the correct phrases.

1. I would go to the party if you came with me.

.

2. If I were you, I would not play hockey.

, .

3. If you wait a minute, I'll go with you.

, .

4. If Amy does the washing up, her brother will clear the table.

Rj;jk ; ,

Jilg;ghd;. 5. My uncle would stay longer in York if he had more time.

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6. If we had seen the film, we would not have bought the DVD.

, .

7. You would have slept much better if you had taken your medicine.

.

8. The teacher will not be happy if we forget our homework again.

.

9. If he studied the new words, he could get a good mark in the test.

,

.

10. If you drove from Paris to Lisbon, which way would you go?

,

?

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· s.saravanan, m.sc., b.ed., pgdca., brte, aranthangi. cell:9787619010 1. which type of...

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