SSCG:1b

Analyze the writings of Hobbes (Leviathan), Locke (Second Treatise of Government), Montesquieu (The Spirit of Laws) as they affect our concept of government.

EQ: Compare the writings of each of the philosophers and compare and contrast each of their theories. Observe how each philosophy builds on previous philosophies.

Homework:1. All students will be working on their portion of the group project2. DOI terms on the webpage3. V.I.P.E.S.4. Check the Webpage!!!

Agenda:1. Complete questions 1-9 and 11-20 on page 24 (20 mins)2. notes3. What did I learn today?4. Groups

Thomas HobbesThomas HobbesThe Social ContractThe Social Contract

Published: Published: Leviathan 1651Leviathan 1651 Thought people were naturally wicked and evil Thought people were naturally wicked and evil

(lived through the English Civil War).(lived through the English Civil War). Thought people needed a strong ruler to maintain Thought people needed a strong ruler to maintain

order.order. S/CS/C People give up a little liberty (freedom) to a People give up a little liberty (freedom) to a

government that provides organization (law and government that provides organization (law and order)order)

Best type of government: Monarchy, KingBest type of government: Monarchy, King

John LockeJohn LockeNatural RightsNatural Rights

Published: Published: Two Treatise of Government 1690Two Treatise of Government 1690 Thought people had the ability to reason and make good

choices ie. Be reasonable in society. Governments get power form the-

Consent of the Governed Thought all people had- Thought all people had-

Natural Rights-Natural Rights- life, liberty and property life, liberty and property Governments are created to protect your Natural RightsGovernments are created to protect your Natural Rights If they fail to protect your Natural Rights people have the If they fail to protect your Natural Rights people have the

right overthrow right overthrow

Baron de MontesquieuBaron de MontesquieuSeparation of PowersSeparation of Powers

Published Published The Spirit of the Laws 1748The Spirit of the Laws 1748 Governments should have three branches: Governments should have three branches:

executive, legislative & judicialexecutive, legislative & judicial Each branch should have a Each branch should have a check and balancecheck and balance

on each otheron each other Thought this system would prevent any one Thought this system would prevent any one

group from gaining complete controlgroup from gaining complete control

Jean-Jacques Jean-Jacques RousseauRousseau

Majority RuleMajority Rule

Published Published The Social Contract 1762The Social Contract 1762Concept: The General Will- majority Concept: The General Will- majority

ruleruleMajority should work for the common Majority should work for the common

goodgoodGood view of human natureGood view of human natureBest type of government: DemocracyBest type of government: Democracy

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson 1743-18251743-1825

Farmer (unsuccessful), Lawyer, Farmer (unsuccessful), Lawyer, Congressman, Governor, Ambassador, Congressman, Governor, Ambassador, Secretary of State, V.P. and 3Secretary of State, V.P. and 3rdrd President, President,

Major accomplishment-The Louisiana Major accomplishment-The Louisiana Purchase 1803.Purchase 1803.

Wished to be remembered for:Wished to be remembered for:1.1. Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence2.2. Religious FreedomReligious Freedom3.3. University of VirginiaUniversity of Virginia

IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776

The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen unitedThe unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united

States of AmericaStates of America

When in the Course of human events it becomes When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another which have connected them with another and to assume and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.them to the separation.

James Madison James Madison 1751-18381751-1838

Jefferson’s friend and neighborJefferson’s friend and neighbor Wrote Constitution of Virginia 1776, Leader of Wrote Constitution of Virginia 1776, Leader of

Virginian Assembly to the Continental Virginian Assembly to the Continental Congress., Member of Constitutional Congress., Member of Constitutional Convention- Convention- Father of the ConstitutionFather of the Constitution, , Secretary of State, 4Secretary of State, 4thth President. President.

What Is Government?What Is Government?

Government is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies

The Purpose of GovernmentThe Purpose of Government

The main purposes of government are described in the Preamble of the Constitution of the United States:

“We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the

common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and

establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”