sspc-paint 28.pdf

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SSPC-Paint 28August 1, 1991

Editorial Changes November 1, 2004

SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings

PAINT SPECIFICATION NO. 28Water-Borne Epoxy Primer for Steel Surfaces

1. Scope

1.1 This specifi cation covers an ambient temperature curing, two-component water-borne epoxy coating for steel that is intended for use as a primer of a multicoat water-borne epoxy or other coating system.

1.2 Primer coatings are categorized according to perfor-mance levels (Sections 2.3, 6, and 7).

1.3 Properly topcoated primers meeting this specifi cation are suitable for exposures in Environmental Zones 1A (inte-rior, normally dry), 1B (exterior, normally dry), 2A (frequently wet by fresh water), 2B (frequently wet by salt water) and 3C (chemical exposure, alkaline).

1.4 The specifi ed primer is intended for application by brush, spray, or roller over steel surfaces prepared in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. It is suitable as a shop primer, fi eld primer, maintenance primer, or intermediate coat and is to be applied in accordance with SSPC-PA 1. Manufacturer's recommendations should be followed when the primed steel is to be weathered prior to topcoating.

2. Description

2.1 COMPOSITION:

2.1.1 The primer specifi ed is typically based on a reactive oxirane (epoxy) functional resin with amine or acid functional curing agents (see Section 4.1).

2.1.2 The major volatile component by weight is water. Refer to ASTM D 3792 or ASTM D 4017 for determining water content of paints.

2.2 VOC LEVEL: The specifi ed primer may or may not comply with all air pollution regulations. Consult applicable government regulations to determine maximum allowable volatile organic compounds (VOC) and proper VOC test method for a particular application. Supplier should provide VOC information on the coating as supplied (in the container) and as applied (in the fi eld after recommended thinning). See Notes 12.2 and 12.3.

2.3 PERFORMANCE LEVEL: Primers shall be classifi ed according to the exposure performance achieved as follows based on testing of two coats of primer:

Level 1: Accelerated Testing (Section 6) Level 2: Exterior Exposure (Section 7)

2.3.1 If no performance level is specifi ed, Level 2 is assumed.

3. Referenced Standards

3.1 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the refer-enced standards in effect on the date of invitation to bid shall govern unless otherwise specifi ed. Standards marked with an asterisk (*) are referenced only in the Notes, which are not requirements of this specifi cation.

3.2 If there is a confl ict between the requirements of any of the cited reference standards and this specifi cation, the requirements of this specifi cation shall prevail.

3.3 SSPC STANDARDS AND JOINT STANDARDS:

SSPC Guide 13 Guide for the Identifi cation and Use of Industrial Coating Material in Computerized Product Databases

PA 1 Shop, Field, and Maintenance Painting of Steel

PA 2 Measurement of Dry Coating Thick-ness with Magnetic Gages

SP 10/NACE No. 2 Near-White Blast Cleaning VIS 2 Guide and Standard Reference

Photographs for Evaluating De-gree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces

3.4 ASTM INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS:

A 569 (Withdrawn) Specifi cation for Steel, Carbon (0.15 Maximum Percent), Hot-Rolled Sheet and Strip, Commercial Quality

B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus

D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-type Viscometer

D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-RolledSteel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related Coating Products

D 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces

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SSPC-Paint 28August 1, 1991Editorial Changes November 1, 2004

D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blis-tering of Paints

D 1210 Test Methods for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-type Gage

D 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and Diluents

D 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products

D 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments

D 1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint D 2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance

of Water-Borne Coatings D 2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of

Coatings in 100% Relative Humidity D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings D 2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion

Paints in the Container to Attack by Micro-organisms

D 3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test D 3792 Test Method for Water Content of Water

Reducible Paints by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph

D 3924 Specifi cation for Standard Environment or Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials

D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings

* D 3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings

D 4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Method

D 4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profi le of Blast Cleaned Steel

D 4585 Practice for Testing the Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation

G 92 Practice for Characteristization of Atmo-spheric Test Sites

3.5 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) STANDARD:

Z129.1 Hazardous Industrial Chemicals— Precautionary Labeling

3.6 FEDERAL STANDARD:

• 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Method 24—Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, Density, Volume Solids, and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings

4. Composition

4.1 The manufacturer is given latitude in the selection of materials and process of manufacture, provided that the paint meets the requirements of this specifi cation.

5. Standard Testing Conditions

5.1 The standard testing conditions shall be in accordance with the standard atmosphere in ASTM D 3924, unless indicated otherwise. Standard temperature shall be 73.5 ± 3.5°F (23 ± 2°C) and standard relative humidity 50 ± 5%.

5.2 The standard substrate shall be 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) thick ASTM A 569 hot rolled steel abrasive blasted in accor-dance with SSPC-SP 10 to a profi le of 2.0 ± 0.5 mils (50 ± 13 micrometers) unless indicated otherwise. Measure blast profi le in accordance with ASTM D 4417.

5.3 The standard dry fi lm thickness of the primer shall be 2.5 ± 0.5 mils (64 ± 13 micrometers) per coat unless indicated otherwise. Measure dry fi lm thickness in accordance with SSPC-PA 2.

6. Laboratory Performance Testing Requirements

6.1 For Level 1, the paint shall meet the requirements of Sections 6.2 through 6.13. For Level 2, the paint shall meet the requirements of Sections 6.2 through 6.13 and Sections 7.1 and 7.2.

6.2 RESISTANCE TO MICROORGANISMS IN CONTAINER: The paint shall be resistant to attack by micro-organisms when tested according to ASTM D 2574.

6.3 FREEZE-THAW RESISTANCE: Test each of the components separately in accordance with ASTM D 2243. At the end of three cycles there shall be no gelling or exces-sive thickening, coagulation, lumps or coarse panicles. The maximum allowable increase or decrease in viscosity shall not exceed 10 Krebs units.

6.4 PACKAGE STABILITY: Perform the following tests in accordance with ASTM D 562. Place each component in closed containers in an oven for one month at 25 ± 2°F (52 ± 1°C). The maximum allowable increase or decrease in viscosity shall not exceed 10 Krebs Units. After brushing out, the fi lm shall be free from grains, lumps, or streaks.

6.5 MECHANICAL STABILITY: Test each component separately by fi lling a one-quart friction top can three-quarters full and closing the can tightly. Rotate on a jar roller for one week at 120 to 170 rpm. At the end of one week, there shall be no indication of separation, coagulation, excessive thickening or

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loss in mechanical stability. The maximum allowable increase or decrease in viscosity shall not exceed ten Krebs Units when tested according to ASTM D 562.

6.6 POT LIFE: The term pot life, as used for solvent-borne or solventless epoxies, generally does not have the same meaning for water-borne epoxies. The usable life of mixed components of water-borne epoxies cannot be determined simply by measuring changes in viscosity. To determine usable pot life of water-borne epoxies, thoroughly mix together both components of the primer to yield one quart of mixed primer. Allow the mixed primer to stand at standard conditions under Section 5.1 for the pot life time specifi ed by the manufacturer. At the end of this time period, the mixed primer shall show no evidence of gellation and must meet the requirements of Sections 6.7, 6.8, 6.10, 6.11, and 6.13. 6.7 LABORATORY APPLICATION PROPERTIES: Thoroughly mix together both components of the primer. Allow mixed primer to stand for manufacturer's specifi ed induction time (if any). Apply (brush, roll, or spray) the primer in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations to a vertical steel substrate under the standard conditions specifi ed in Sections 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3. Allow to dry in a well-ventilated room or chamber free from drafts and dust in diffuse light (not in direct sunlight). There shall be no runs, sags, streaks, fl ashes, laps, pinholing, eyeing, or cratering.

6.8 ADHESION: Condition a primed panel for seven days at standard temperature and humidity (Section 5.1). Evaluate adhesion in accordance with ASTM D 3359 Method B, “Cross Cut Tape Test” using one mm spacing of cuts. A rating of 5B is required.

6.9 RECOAT TESTS: Apply a second coat following the manufacturer's recommendations. There shall be no picking-up or rolling-up of the fi rst coat during applications. After 24 hours, the fi lm shall be smooth and uniform.

6.10 FILM IRREGULARITY: Apply one coat of the primer by the drawdown method to a 4 inch x 8 inch (10 cm x 20 cm) cold-rolled steel panel to produce the standard dry fi lm thick-ness (Section 5.3). Allow to dry for 24 hours in accordance with the standard testing conditions specifi ed in Sections 5.1. Examine the fi lm for mud-cracking, alligatoring, or other fi lm irregularity; there shall be none.

6.11 RUST AND BLISTER RESISTANCE: Spray apply two coats (allowing 24 hours drying time between coats) to four panels in accordance with the standard testing conditions specifi ed in Sections 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3. Allow to dry for seven days after application of the second coat. Coat and seal all edges and the back side of each panel with a coating that will provide the necessary protection to these surfaces. Scribe a two-inch (fi ve cm) vertical line through the lower middle portion of the primed panels so as to expose the under-

lying metal before testing. The conditions of making the scribe shall be as described in ASTM D 1654.

6.11.1 SALT SPRAY: Expose duplicate panels in the salt fog cabinet for 600 hours according to ASTM B 117. At the end of 600 hours, immediately examine for rusting and blistering. The rusting shall not exceed 8 according to SSPC-VIS 2 or ASTM D 610, and the blistering shall not exceed 8F according to ASTM D 714. After examining the panels for blistering, immediately remove the paint fi lm with a suitable organic solvent, for example chlorinated hydrocarbon or other solvent recommended by the paint manufacturer. If scraping of the paint fi lm is necessary to remove it, do not use a metal spatula or razor blade. Use a piece of soft wood. Examine the steel substrate. The rusting shall not exceed 8 as judged by SSPC-VIS 2 or ASTM D 610. The rust creep, as judged by the bare panel, shall not exceed 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) from the center of the scribe.

6.11.2 CONDENSATION: Expose the other pair of dupli-cate panels in a condensing cabinet according to ASTM D 4585 for 500 hours at 100°F (38°C). At the end of 500 hours, immediately examine for rusting and blistering. The rusting shall not exceed 8 according to SSPC-VIS 2 or ASTM D 610, and the blistering shall not exceed 8F according to ASTM D 714. After examining the panels for blistering, immediately remove the paint fi lm with a suitable organic solvent. If scraping of the paint fi lm is necessary to remove it, do not use a metal spatula or razor blade. Use a piece of soft wood. Examine the steel substrate. The rusting shall not exceed 9 as judged by SSPC-VIS 2 or ASTM D 610. The rust creep, as judged by the bare panel, shall not exceed 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) from the center of the scribe.

6.12 FLASH RUST RESISTANCE TEST: Apply one coat of the paint in accordance with the standard testing condi-tions specifi ed in Sections 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 and allow to dry in a horizontal position for 24 hours. At the end of the drying period, examine for fl ash rusting or rust bleeding. The paint shall show no rust bleed-through. After examining the panel for rust bleed-through, immediately remove the paint fi lm with a suitable organic solvent. If scraping of the paint fi lm is neces-sary to remove it, do not use a metal spatula or razor blade. Use a piece of soft wood. Examine the steel substrate. There shall be no rusting of the steel substrate.

6.13 EARLY WATER RESISTANCE: Apply one coat of the primer in accordance with the standard testing condi-tions specifi ed in Sections 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3. After six hours of drying, immerse one half of the panel into distilled water for fi ve minutes. Remove and allow to condition for ten minutes at standard temperature (Section 5.1). The section exposed to the water shall have the same hardness as the unexposed section when checked with either the fi ngernail or ASTM D 3363 pencil hardness.

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SSPC-Paint 28August 1, 1991Editorial Changes November 1, 2004

7. Test Fence Performance Requirements

7.1 Triplicate panels shall be prepared as described in Section 6.11 except that the coating thickness shall be 3.5 ± 1.0 mils (89 ± 25 micrometers) as measured by SSPC-PA 2.

7.2 EXTERIOR EXPOSURE: Triplicate test specimens shall be exposed for a minimum of 18 months on a test fence at an industrial or marine exposure site having a minimum annual mean precipitation of 25 inches (635 mm) per year. Other criteria for classifying the environment such as corrosion rate of bare steel or bare zinc (in accordance with ASTM G 92), or mean annual temperature may also be required when agreed to between contracting parties. Each specimen shall meet the following requirements (Note 12.4):

• Minimum rust rating of 9 in accordance with SSPC- VIS 2/ASTM D 610 • Maximum scribe undercutting of 1/16 inch (1.6 mm)

8. Material Quality Assurance

8.1 The manufacturer should measure and record batch testing information that would allow certifi cation that a batch meets the necessary standards established by the manufacturer for the primer as tested per Section 6.

8.2 CONDITION IN CONTAINER: Each component as received shall show no evidence of livering, skinning, or hard settling of the pigment. The inside of the container shall not be corroded. The material shall be easily dispersed in the liquid portion by hand stirring to form a smooth, homogeneous paint.

8.3 COLOR: The color shall be as specifi ed in the procure-ment documents.

8.4 POT LIFE: Mix the primer as specifi ed in Section 6.6. Allow the mixed primer to stand at standard conditions (Section 5.1) for the pot life specifi ed by the manufacturer. At the end of this time period, the mixed primer shall show no evidence of gelation.

8.5 VISCOSITY: The viscosity of the mixed primer shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D 62. Variance shall be within ± 5 Krebs units or equivalent units of another viscometer of the viscosity of the previously qualifi ed primer. For viscosities lower than 55 KU, a number 4 Ford Cup shall be used in accordance with ASTM D 1200. Variations shall be within ± 5 seconds of the viscosity of the previously qualifi ed paint.

8.6 DENSITY: The density of the mixed primer shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D 1475. Variance shall be within ± 0.4 pounds per gallon (50 g/L) of the nominal density of the previously qualifi ed primer.

8.7 SOLIDS BY WEIGHT: Solids by weight of the mixed primer shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D 2369. Variance shall be within ± 2% of the nominal percent solids by weight of the previously qualifi ed primer (Note 12.5).

9. Labeling

9.1 Labeling shall conform to ANSI Z129.1.

9.2 Technical data shall be provided for at least all data elements categorized as “essential” in SSPC-Guide 13.

9.3 MARKING OF CONTAINERS: Each container of each component shall be legibly marked with the following information:

Name: Water-Borne Epoxy Primer Specifi cation: SSPC-Paint 28 Component: Color: Lot Number: Batch Number: Stock Number: Date of Manufacture: Quantity of Paint in Container: Information and Warnings as may be required by Federal and State Laws: Manufacturer's Name and Address:

9.4 DIRECTIONS FOR USE: Directions for use of water-borne epoxy primer must include information on storage, surface preparation, mixing, thinning, application, and recoatability.

10. Inspection

10.1 All materials (coatings) supplied under this speci-fi cation are subject to timely inspection by the purchaser or his authorized representative. The purchaser shall have the right to reject any materials supplied which are found to be defective under this specifi cation (see Note 12.1). In case of dispute, unless otherwise specifi ed, the arbitration or settle-ment procedure established in the procurement documents shall be followed. If no arbitration or settlement procedure is established, then a procedure mutually agreeable to the purchaser and material supplier shall be used.

10.2 Samples of paints may be requested by the purchaser and shall be supplied upon request along with the manufac-turer’s name and identifi cation for the materials. Samples may be requested at the time the purchase order is placed or may be taken from unopened containers at the job site.

10.3 Unless otherwise specifi ed, the sampling shall be in accordance with ASTM D 3925.

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11. Disclaimer

11.1 While every precaution is taken to ensure that all information furnished in SSPC standards and specifi cations is as accurate, complete, and useful as possible, SSPC cannot assume responsibility nor incur any obligation resulting from the use of any materials, coatings, or methods specifi ed herein, or of the specifi cation or standard itself.

11.2 This specifi cation does not attempt to address prob-lems concerning safety associated with its use. The user of this specifi cation, as well as the user of all products or practices described herein, is responsible for instituting appropriate health and safety practices and for ensuring compliance with all governmental regulations.

12. Notes

Notes are not requirements of this specifi cation.

12.1 The procurement documents should establish the responsibility for samples, testing, and any required affi davit certifying full compliance with the specifi cation.

12.2 VOC information may be supplied on the label or the technical data sheet.

12.3 ASTM D 3960 and EPA Method 24 are commonly used methods to determine VOC, but these methods may not be acceptable to all jurisdictions.

12.4 The 250 meter lot (800 ft lot) at the LaQue Center, Wrightsville (Kure) Beach, NC and the Neville Island and coke works sites in Pittsburgh, PA with average bare steel corrosion rates of one to three mils (25 to 75 micrometers) per year based on panels exposed for 12 months, have been shown suitable for this specifi cation's exterior exposure. The test coatings used to establish the performance requirement were evaluated at these test sites.

12.5 The supplier should also furnish information on the volume solids and the theoretical spreading rate (square feet per gallon for one mil of dry paint) [square meters per liter for one micrometer of dry paint].

12.6 ASTM and Federal Standard Test Methods listed as “canceled” or “withdrawn” are no longer maintained, but are still available as historical documents.

sspc-paint 28.pdf

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