st international conference · dr. hisham elleithy mrs. ikhlas abdel latief mrs. islam ghareeb dr....
TRANSCRIPT
St International Conference
on The Archaeology in
Egypt and Sudanopportunities for future collaboration
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Ahmed Pasha Kamal Hall, Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt
23th-24*h May 2016
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................................. .. 5
SPEAKERS ............................................................................................................................................................. .. 7
PROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................................... .. 9
ABSTRACTS ......................................................................................................................................................... _. 13
.9I2016
IQ
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
his conference aims to draw a picture of the currentactivities in archaeology in both countries in order
to have a clear vision for possible future cooperation indifferent fields of archaeology. This conference will alsohighlight all the efforts made to preserve our heritageand monuments, such as museums, site management,recent excavations, discoveries, training programs,documentation, and archives. The conference will focuson opportunities for collaboration in each of these areas.
The Ministry ofAntiquities thanks the Sudanese delegationfor their vital participation in this conference. Alsothanks to The German Archaeological Institute in Cairo,(DAI), The British Museum London (BM), the UnitedNation Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization(UNESCO) Cairo Office, Egypt Exploration Society (EES)and Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology in Cairofor their support and Cooperation.
Egypt and Sudan
ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE
Dr. Ossama Abdel Meguid
Dr. Hisham Elleithy
Dr. Nashat Alzohary
Dr. Safaa Abdelmonem
Mr. Mohamed Gamal
Mr. Mohamed Saad
(Childern's Museum)
(Ministry of Antiquities)
(Ain Shams University)
(Ministry of Antiquities)
(Ministry of Antiquities)
(Ministry of Antiquities)
1”" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Dr. Abdelrahman Ali
Mrs. Afaf Wahba
Dr. Ahmad al-Shoky
Dr. Aiman Ashmawy
Dr. Angelika LohwasserDr. Artur Obluski
Mrs. Elham Salah El-Din
Mr. Essam Nagy
Dr. Hisham Elleithy
Mrs. Ikhlas Abdel Latief
Mrs. Islam Ghareeb
Dr. Iulie Anderson
Mr. Mohamed Saad
Mr. Mourtada Beshara
Dr. Nashat Alzohary
Dr. Neal SpencerDr. Ossama Abdel Meguid
Dr. Pawel Wolf
Mr. Sami Elamin
Dr. Séverine Marchi
Mrs. Shadia Abdrabo
Dr. Solveige Lawrenz
Dr. Stephen Seidelmayer
Dr. Vivian Davies
Mr. Yaser Hussein
Dr. Yasmin El Shazly
2016
SPEAKERS
(Sudan)
(Egypt)
(Egypt)
(Egypt)(German)
(Poland)
(Egypt)
(Egypt)
(Egypt)
(Sudan)(Egypt)(England)
(Sudan)(Sudan)(Egypt)(England)
(Egypt)(German)
(Sudan)(France)(Sudan)
(German)
(German)(England)
(Egypt)
(Egypt)
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Program
Day 1: 23"‘ May 2016
9200- 10:00 AM Registration
10:00- 10:30 Opening Speeches
10:0O- 10:15 Dr. Khaled El-Enany
10:15— 10:30 Dr. Abdelrahman Ali Rahmaallah
10:30- 11:00 Coffee Break
Keynote SpeakerPawel Wolf
ll300- 12300 German Archaeological Institute, DAI
Settlement and Palaeo-Environment at Hamadab/Sudan
12:00- 2:30: Session IA: Excavations: Research, Site ManagementChairman: Dr. Vivian Davies(Senior Research Associate, Griffith Institute, University of Oxford)
Egypt and Sudan — Reflections on: - : h S ‘d 1 . .12 O0 12 30 Step en E1 e mayer Inscriptions from Aswan
12 :30- 1 :00 Angelika Lohwasser E"p°"""“’5 '" A Desert 5""’°V 'Chances and Challenges
1:OO_ 1:30 Artur Obluski 50Years
of Polish Excavations inNubia
. General Report on The MA: — : A A h ,1 30 2 00 "nan S mawy Excavation from 2014-2016
2:00_ 2:30 Mohamed Saad Introducing Bio-Archaeology ofSudan
2230- 3:30 Lunch Break
2016
Egypt and Sudan
3:30-4:30
Day 1: 23"‘ May 2016
Keynote SpeakerVivian Davies: (Senior Research Associate, Griffith Institute,University of Oxford)
Egypt and Sudan: From Elkab to Kurgus: tracking thepharaonic inscriptions
4:30- 7:00: Session IINubia in EgyptChairman: Dr. Stephen Seidelmayer
4230- 5:00
5200- 5:15 PM
5215- 5:45
6115- 6:45
6:45- 7:15
7:30
10
lkhlas Abdel Latief
Coffee Break
Kerma In Hierakonpolis
Ossama Abdel Meguid Nubian Soldiers in the Egyptian Army
Nashat Alzohary
Essam Nagy
Afaf Wahba
Reception
The Book of the Dead in the funerarychapel of the pyramid no. Beg. N. 7in the Cemetery of Begrawiyah
The Kushites in Karnak, in the light ofrecent discoveries
Pick-Up Sticks: The CommingledSkeletal Material from TT. 110
At The Ministery of Antiquities, 3 Adel Abu Bakr St., Zamalek
1“lNTERNATKJNAL(K3NFERENCE
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
9:00-10:00
Day 2: 24”‘ May 2016
Keynote SpeakerAbdelrahman Ali(General Director of Sudanese Antiquities Organization)
An Overview on the Archaeological Activities in Sudan
10:00- 1:00: Session IIIB: Excavations: Research, Site ManagementChairman: Dr. Abdelrahman Ali Rahmaallah
10:00— 10:30
10:30-11:00
11:00-11:30
11:30-12:00 PM
12:00-12:30
12:30- 1:00
1:00- 1:30
2016
Sami Elamin
Islam Ghareeb
]ulie Anderson
Coffee Break
Mourtada B. Mohamed
Yaser Hussein
Séverine Marchi
The Archaeological Monuments inSudan
Local Community Involvement inCultural Heritage Management -Historic Cairo, a Case Study
The Berber-Abidiya ArchaeologicalProject, Sudan: Investigating,conserving and promoting an Amuntemple
The Naptan region
The Ministry of AntiquitiesArchaeological Field schools andcontinuing research
The Nubian and Egyptian town ofDukki Gel: Recent Discoveries in
Northern Sudan
11
Egypt and Sudan
Day 2: 24"‘ May 2016
Keynote SpeakerNeal Spencer
1 30 230 (Keeper of The Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan , British Museum)
Amara West
2130- 3:00 Lunch Break
3:00- 5:30: Session IVMuseums and DocumentationChairman: Dr. Neal Spencer
Definition of the role of museum education3:00- 3:30 Elham Salah El-Din , .and Communication
330 4:00 Solveige LawrenzThe
Archiveof Friedrich W. Hinkelz Digital
Solutions for Analogue Research Data
4200- 4:30 Shadia Abdrabo Museums in Sudan, Past, Present and future
The Center for Studies and Documentation4230- 5:00 Hisham Elleithy on Ancient Egypt (CEDAE): Past, Present
and Future
5:00- 5:15 PM Coffee Break _f,,_ 3,
. . "1’ er 4‘? .'v;;’i.t~- - ‘The Registrars of the Egyptian Museum, 3 :_
‘I.
I‘-#-5:15- 5:45 Yasmin El Shazly Cairo: Pioneers in the Field of CollectionsManagement in Egypt
A 5
The Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo, Re-open and international cooperation
9185eReceptionAt The German Archaeological Institute, 31 Abu el Feda St., Zamalek
5245- 6:15 Ahmad al-Shoky
7:00
12 1*‘ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Egypt and Sudan
Pawel Wolf(German Archaeological Institute, DAI)
SETTLEMENT AND PAI.AEO-ENVIRONMENT ATHAMADAB/SUDAN
An Archaeological Cooperation between the Sudan Antiquities Service,The University of Shendi and the German Archaeological Institute
What started in 2001 as a first archaeological investigation into thestructure of a hitherto unknown Meroitic urban settlement next to theKushite capital Meroe City in the Shendi region of Northern Sudan,became by the years a multi-period, interdisciplinary research into thesettlement history of a Meroitic urban town and the geomorphology,palaeo-ecology and historic land use of the Meroe-Hamadab region, thenucleus of the Meroitic kingdom. The contribution presents some of themost interesting fieldwork results of the Hamadab Archaeological Projectsince 200], highlighting the benefits of cooperative interdisciplinary andinternational research.
Besides providing the first complete map of a Meroitic urban townby surface clearings and geophysical prospection such as magnetometryand ground penetrating radar, conducted by both German and Sudaneseteams, the archaeological investigation of some of the town's main featuresyielded a complete chronological sequence of its development based onradiocarbon dating series. The excavations inside the settlement yieldedhitherto unknown information on the structure of a town in the middle NileValley during the centuries around Christ's birth and its basic installationssuch as its street system, fortification, domestic quarters and administrativehouses, its water supply and its sacral installations. That way, it waspossible to draw a picture of a Meroitic urban settlement, its fortified coreand its ‘industrial’ suburbs with pottery and iron production centres. Beinga satellite town of the ‘capital’ Meroe City, it might have housed craftsmenresponsible for the construction of temples and tombs, as well as for theproduction of luxury goods for the Meroitic royal house.
1-" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Stephan Seidlmayer(German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Cairo)
EGYPT AND THE SUDAN AREFLECTIONS ON INSCRIPTIONS FROM ASWAN
The the first cataract of the Nile was always culturally and for most
periods also politically the southern border of Egypt. Beginning in the
Old Kingdom and extending into the Roman age, a series of importantroyal inscriptions directly relate to Egypt's politics towards the southerncountries. Among the wealth of inscriptions from members of theEgyptian army and administration, many texts offer information on the
structure of Egypts rule over Nubia. Apart from such direct historical
information, fluctuations in the numbers of inscriptions — in particular of
texts carved on natural rocks and graffiti on temple walls - can be related
to changes in the importance and the character of Egyptian Sudanese
relations over the millennia. Thus the epigraphic record of Aswan area
offers important insights into long-term continuities and transformationsin the common history of both countries.
Egypt and Sudan
Angelika Lohwasser(Institutfiir /Igyptologie und Koptologie
Westfiilische Wilhelms-Universitiit Miinster)
EXPERIENCES IN A DESERT SURVEYCHANCES AND CHALLENGES
The project "Wadi Abu Dom Itinerary" is an archaeological survey,conducted in the Bayuda desert 2009-2016. We can count on the fruitfuland supporting collaboration with the National Corporation of Antiquitiesand Museums (NCAM) which helps us to deal with the administration invery different contextes like with the customs, but also with the negotiationwith the local authorities and archaeological discussions.
One of the main tasks is to mediate the different needs of involvedgroups: the local inhabitants, the growing economy, the archaeology andheritage. All of these groups have their own interests which are justifiedfor their part. Sometimes this is quite difficult, like in the case of a newlybuilt dam (in 2013, a dam was built to retain rain water in the wadi), andneither NCAM nor we were informed ahead. In this case we can only reactwith rescue archaeology. But we try to think ahead and to communicateon different possibilities of conficts: We inform the local people whatwe are doing and why to prevent them from treasure hunting (there arereally to treasures to find in that remote area!) and it turned out that somepeople are very interested in their past. And we rebury the skeletons afterexcavation and examination to show the recent inhabitants that we honourtheir anchestors and treat them worthy.
In my opinion, the most important lecture I learned working in thedesert is "trust". The few inhabinats and we are interdependent. During ourfield season, they can count on us to help them with water and transport.And we can count on them in various situations, too. I made the experiencethat mutual trust is of highest value if one wants to explore the desert. Ofcourse this goes far beyond archaeology, but it includes archaeology and isthe first step in cultural heritage management.
1*‘ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Artur Obluski(Polish Centre ofMediterranemz
Archaeology in Cairo)
50 YEARS OF POLISH EXCAVATIONS IN NUBIA
It all started with the first Polish missions to Dabod and Faras andparticipation of Polish specialists in other missions like the one at Qasrel-Wizz. Then, thanks to successful salvage expedition to Faras Sudanesegovernment gratuitously offered prof. Kazimierz Michalowski to workon the other than Faras Nubian capital Tungul (Old Dongola). Today thereare seven Polish archaeological teams working in Nubia with severaltens of specialist involve not only in these teams but other missions, too.Results of their effort will be presented during the lecture along with theshort history of Polish research on Nubia.
2016 17
Egypt and Sudan
Aiman Ashmawy Ali(Director General ofexcavation
department, MA, Egypt)
GENERAL REPORT ON THE MSA EXCAVATION2014-201 6
Excavation is one of the main responsibilities of the MOS in order touncover our past and preserve the Egyptian heritage. Those excavation arecarried out directly by the MSA teams or in co-operation with Egyptianand foreign universities and institutionsThe MOS excavations are divided into;— Systematic excavations , those excavation are financed mainly
by the MSA ,and carried out mainly in the sites owned by theMSA , It follow a pre—planned excavation program
- Risk excavations: those are financed mostly by Egyptianinstitutions and individuals, those excavation are carried outmostly in sites owned by individuals or local authorities andunder supervision of MSA it is not submitted to pre-plannedexcavation program or time table. The aim of this work mainlyis to clear the land from any antiquities in order to be used bytheir owners
- Joint excavations : those are financed by foreign missions andcarried out by a team-work from both sides
All those excavation introduced a very important discoveries and uniqueresults related to the ancient Egyptian history and archaeology.Worthy note of those are the MSA excavation at Tell El-Yahudia , TellEl Abqaeen , Gabel El Nur ,El Kamin El Sahrawy , Abydos , El Qasr ,therisk excavation at Kom Aziza , Alexandria , Tell Daphne , Tell El Manshia, Tell Tebla ,Tell Faraon ”Imt" and the joint excavation at Aswan andHeliopolis.
1“ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Mohamed Saad(National Council ofAntiquities
and Museums of Sudan Khartoum, Sudan)
INTRODUCING BIO-ARCHAEOLOGY OF SUDAN
This paper aims to present the first results of the bio-archaeologicalanalyses of human remains excavated by the National Council of
Antiquities and Museum of Sudan (NCAM) at the Meroitic cemeteryat Berber (2nd-3rd century AD), Central Sudan, DDASP ( Dabba- DamArchaeological Salvage project preliminary report, RDASP (RosieresDam I-Ieightening Archaeological Salvage Project- the excavation atAzaza site- Rose 5, preliminary report
Funerary customs employed in the cemetery including both extendedand contracted burials potentially suggest cultural changes occurring inthe ares. Applying a bio cultural approach, we will report demographicand palaeopathological results in combination with contextualarchaeological data in order to provide an insight into living conditionsin this region during different period. Low mean statures and evidenceof infectious disease so far indicate a certain degree of environmentalpressures affecting the population living at these sites.
This innovative research project represents the first output of recentefforts to establish bio—archaeological training and research in Sudanbrought about by an increasing demand of specialists due to large scale
salvage excavations. All analyses were carried out in the newly createdresearch facilities of NCAM at the National Museum in Khartoum,Sudan.
19
Egypt and Sudan
Vivian Davies(Senior Research Associate, Griffith Institute,
University of Oxford)
EGYPT AND SUDAN: FROM ELKAB T0 KURGUS
An overview of the results of epigraphic recording carried out at sitesin Egypt and Sudan, with particular reference to inscriptions bearing onthe conflict between Egypt and the Kingdom of Kush during the SecondIntermediate Period and early New Kingdom. The sites in question
include Elkab in Egypt and Tombos and Kurgus in Sudan, with thematerial ranging from tomb—biographies to rock-inscriptions.
22 1*" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Ikhlas Abdel Latief(Sudan National Museum,
Khartoum, Sudan)
KERMA IN HIERAKONPOLIS
During the later Second Intermediate Period, the powerful Kingdom ofKush launched raids into Egypt, carrying off booty that included statues, stelaeand other fine objects from various temples and shrines. These objects weretrophies destined to be buried in the great tumulus-tombs of the Kushite kingsat their capital Kenna. That the Hierakonpolis (Nekhen)-Elkab (Nekheb) area inUpper Egypt was the focus of some of these raids is known from an inscriptionrecently uncovered in the tomb of Sobeknakht, the governor of Elkab (Davies2003). Other evidence for these Nubian raids is in the booty itself.
One small grano-diorite statue now in the Sudan National Museum (no.1132) was discovered by George Reisner in Kerma tumulus KXV. The onlyunbroken figure he found at the site, it is inscribed for the ‘elder of the portal’Mentjuhotep and invokes Horus of Nekhen (Hierakonpolis). On the basis of itstype and distinctive style it can be dated to the Thirteenth Dynasty. Menljuhoteporiginally placed his statuette in the temple of Horus to help secure eternal lifethrough the intervention of the god.
Two other objects originally belonging to people from Nekhen were alsodiscovered in the Kerma tumuli. One is an alabaster jar, now also in the Sudan
National Museum (inv. 1087), which bears an inscription mentioning perfumedoil for the ka of the mayor of Nekhen, Sobeknakht. It was recovered fromTumulus K111.
The third object is another alabaster jar now in Boston, which was foundin grave K323. It includes an inscription invoking Horus of Nekhen and Osiriswho dwells in Nekhen for the scribe of the temple Hor-Heriat. The way bothvessels have been carved to exploit the decorative pattern in the stones suggeststhey came from the same workshop.
It is possible that these Nubian raids, or fear of them, may have been thereason for burying the famous golden falcon statue of the Horus and the otherprecious or portable objects at the temple at Nekhen, which were discovered by].E. Quibell in 1897-8. Similar anxieties may be the reason for the buried depositsfound at other temple sites throughout Egypt.
Egypt and Sudan
Ossama A. W. Abdel Meguid(ICOM Executive Council Member
Director, Childeru’s Museum)
NUBIAN SOLDIERS IN THE EGYPTIAN ARMY
...... ..When His Majesty took action against the Asiatic sand dwellers,His Majesty made an army of many ten of thousands from all of UpperEgypt .... .._from Irtjet-Nulvians, Medjaw—Nubians, Yam—Nuhians, Warpat-Nubimzs, Kaau-Nub:'ans..... Weni
From the tomb of Mesehty, a monarch of Assiut, we have two veryimpressive groups of wooden figurines, fixed on bases, each representinga regiment of soldiers on the march. One group shows Egyptians and thesecond group of soldiers represent Nubians. There is no doubt that theEgyptian army organization was still based on unpaid military service, incontrast to the mercenaries, and this was particularly evident among theNubians loyal to the Pharaoh and the state, as we will see later.
Representations of Nubians appear spread all over Egypt, but a largeseries of stelae from Gebelein, just south of Thebes, record their presenceas an organized community. They are generally represented in simple stylewith their bows and arrows in their hands, often accompanied by theirdogs. The Nubians were recruited into the Egyptian context, operating inand on behalf of Egypt, without however, losing their own character.
Regarding the Egyptian military organization, the manner in whichthese armies were organized and led, and their activities beyond thenatural frontiers of the home land, we will notice that it increased since theOld Kingdom to reach a climax during the Empire of the New Kingdom.We will also notice the role of the Nubians soldiers in the Egyptian armygrowing in importance based on the use to which the army was put.
In this paper I will give a tentative account of the Nubians soldierswithin the Egyptian army organization as recruited permanent elements,not mercenaries, and as they existed during the great historical phases of theOld Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom war of liberation.
15"" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Nashat Alzohary(Associate Professor ofligyptology and Sudanology
‘‘ HG! -
4:. Department ofArchaeology- Faculty ofArts-
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THE BOOK or THE DEAD IN THE FUNERARYCHAPEL OF THE PYRAMID
NO. BEG. N. 7 IN THE CEMETERY OF BEGRAWIYAH
Ain Shams University)
The aim of this research is to analyse some of the chapters of the Bookof the Dead which are depicted on the Northern Wall of the funerarychapel of the pyramid no. Beg. N. 7 in the Cemetery of Begrawiyah.
These representations are divided into three registers, the first registerdepicts the 125th chapter of the spell for descending to the broad hallof the Two Truths (The Judgment). The second register depicts threechapters numbers 45th chapter of the spell for not rotting in the otherWorld, 59th chapter of the spell for having water from the sacred tree,and 47th chapter of the spell for not letting Deceased‘s seat be takenaway. The third register depicts two chapters numbers, 108th chapter ofthe spell for knowing the western souls, and 79th chapter of the spell forbecoming the greatest in the divine Council.
These chapters and their captions are carefully depicted, this meansthe right believing of the Kingdom of Kush concerning the AncientEgyptian religion and thought with simple details.
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26
Egypt and Sudan Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Essam Nagy(Fieldwork and Engagement Manager,
Egypt Exploration Society EES)
THE KUSHITES IN KARNAK,IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT DISCOVERIES
Over the past few years, a number of excavations in the area of thetemple of Karnak have been carried out and overseen by the SupremeCouncil of Antiquities under the auspices of the Ministry of Antiquitiesand the Franco Egyptian Centre. As part of these, ground—breaking newdiscoveries have been made regarding the rule of Kushite kings, sheddingnew light on hitherto unknown architectural activities during the 25thDynasty. Providing new insights into the Kushite reign and its history,changes in religious belief and culture on the whole, this paper aims atidentifying change and continuity between the end of the New Kingdomand the end of the Third Intermediate Period. It will also discuss newapproaches to the question of how the Kushites managed to establishtheir power in Upper Egypt.
1*‘ ll\_JTERNATlONA[.CONFERENCE
5
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PICK-UP STICKS:THE COMMINGLED SKELETAL MATERIAL FROM TT. 110
The American Research Center Egypt (ARCE) Luxor excavations ofTheban Tomb 110 have been ongoing since early 2013 as part of the ARCEfield school initiative, with the ultimate goal of preparing the tomb for publicvisit. TT110 originally belonged to the official Djehuty, who was the royalcupbearer to two 18th dynasty kings, the female king Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BCE), and her step—son Tuthmosis III (1479-1425 BCE), In the late NewKingdom, the tomb and its forecourt was reused for additional burials, andthe reuse continued well into the Late Period, when numerous mummiesappear to have been deposited in the tomb on a continuous basis. Finally, inthe Coptic period, the tomb and its forecourt were used as a domicile, andthe existing human remains were collected from the upper levels of the tomband re-deposited in the burial shaft, which was subsequently covered over.
As a result of the extensive reuse of the tomb, the human remains fromTT110 are now completely commingled. The majority of the material consistsof isolated skeletal elements, though a substantial number of partial mummiesare also present. Traditionally, this type of material has often been overlookedby researchers in favor of more intact burial assemblages. However, given theproper attention, commingled skeletal materials such as that from TT110 canstill offer a wealth of information on the health and living conditions of theTheban population. Moreover, the strict stratigraphic control exercised duringthe excavation of the tomb offers the opportunity to investigate patternsof tomb reuse in the later stages of the history of the Theban necropolis. Todate, the osteological work undertaken on the TT110 material has focused onestablishing a minimum number of individuals, or MNI, analysis, as well asdocumentation of pathologies identified in the remains. In addition, we arecurrently developing a database specific to commingled remains to enablepopulation based studies of the material. This paper will provide an overviewof the preliminary results of the ongoing osteological analysis of the TT110material, as well as discuss avenues of future research.
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Egypt and Sudan
Sami Elamin(National Corporation for Antiquities 8'
Museums (NCAM) Sudan-Khartoum)
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS IN SUDAN
The paper will set the light on and present some examples of themonumental and archaeological sites in Sudan.
This will give also a brief historical background about the Sudaneseheritage; how and which the ancient Sudan was connected to the outsideworld (especially Egypt).
World heritage sites in Sudan will presented in the paper also.The monuments will be presented in the paper will cover the time
period between the second millennium. BC till the mid of the 15rd century.AD including:
- Kingdom of Kerma with its three phases- Kingdom of Napata- Kingdom of Merore
- Nubatia, Makoria and Alodia Christian Kingdoms
- The Islamic Kingdom of Fong
30 1“ INTERN ATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Islam Ahmed Ghareeb(Ministry ofAntiquities, Egypt)
LOCAL COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENTIN CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT
HISTORIC CAIRO, A CASE STUDYThe sustainability of cultu ral heritage management of the resources is
strongly related to support from local community via participation. It isevident that active community involvement can improve local residents’quality of life based on better environment, social and economic
conditions. However, there is little research into the question of whetherthe involvement of local community in heritage management derivesfrom a genuine interest and desires to protect and conserve their localheritage assets. In the case of Historic Cairo, a truly local communitycollaborative approach is often limited due to the ways in which thecommunity in question is conceptualized and involved in the process.In other words, local community involvement is extremely rare becausethey have been neglected especially in the decision making process.This has created a negative relationship between local community andgovernment authorities in resource conservation.
The results of the research reveal that, despite the fact that the localcommunitieswish to be engaged and to participate in efforts to preserveheritage assets; the level of community involvement in cultural heritagemanagement in Historic Cairo is low due to operational and structurallimitations .These obstacles limit the opportunities of the local communityengagement in both management and tourism development in HistoricCairo Heritage Site. The current participatory approach in Historic Cairois highly controlled by the centralized government structure The resultsfrom this thesis suggest that the authorities should consider overcomingthe limitations now imposed on community participation in the decisionmaking process. The results also reveal that decision makers can beassured of the willingness of local communities to participate in heritageconservation efforts.
31
Egypt and Sudan
Iulie Anderson, Mahmoud Sulimanand Rihab Kh. elRasheed
(The British Museum, UK and the National
Corporation forAntiquities and Museums, Sudan)
THE BERBER-ABIDIYA ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT, SUDAN:INVESTIGATING, CONSERVING
AND PROMOTING AN AMUN TEMPLE
The Berber-Abidiya Archaeological Project is a collaborative venturebetween the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums(NCAM), Sudan and the British Museum co—directed by staff fromboth institutions. This successful partnership was initiated in 1997 andhas been supported by the British Museum since 2005. At the requestof the NCAM, the project has focused on excavating and conservingthe Amuntemple atDangeil (3rd c BC—4th c AD), a village locatedapproximately 350km north of Khartoum.Dangeil is well-preserved andhas provided a unique opportunity to examine the characteristics of aKushite temple complex and to gaingreater insight into the role of thetemple, ritual and offerings withinKushite society./xmong the mostnotable discoveries are the remainsof a disturbed statue cache whichcontained fragments of fiveKushiterulers of the 7th and 6th centuries BCincluding Taharqo, Senkamaniskenand Aspelta.Aside from excavationand research, the project containstraining and capacity buildingcomponents, and an extensiveprogramme of conservation andsite protection, and communityengagement has been initiated
I" I.'\lTERi\’ATlOi\'Al. CONFERENCE
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Mourtadu Bishara(Sudan)
THE NAPTAN REGION
Since 2003 some of the archaeological sites of the Napatan region hasbeen inscribed in world heritage list(Unesco) under the title Gebel Barkaland the sites of Napatan region which is contain five archaeological siteswhich is Gebel Barkal E1_Kurru, Nuri, Sanam and El_Zuma.
Management plan has been planned by National corporation forAntiquities and Museums and experts from Unesco world heritagecenter with contributions of university of Dongola and stkeholders anddesign makers committee for managing the sites have been established
The Napatan region located about 400km to the north east ofKhartoum. it's one of the reaches region of Sudan
And hold the seat of the kingship throne of the second kingdomof Kush during the Napatan kingdom .the region almost covered theperiod from prehistory to Islamic .but the most dominated is related tothe Kushite kingdom. the Napatan region contains three royal cemeteriesdistributed in both banks of the river Nile in El-Kurru, Nuri and Barkal,the most ancient one is El-Kurru which is contained the tombs of the kingsof 25th dynasty and their ancestors except Taharqo whose establishedthe cemetery of Nuri which it's contained the pyramids of the NapatanKings and queens. while Barkal cemetery contains pyramids of somekings and queen and royal family of Napatan and Meroitic kingdom.
Two main capitals known as Napata in the Egyptian text weredistributed also in both banks. Gebel Barkal the religious center ofAmoun clut and the administrative town of Sanam which is contain thelargest known non royal cemetery of Mapatan period.
Although El-Zuma was dated to the post Meroitic period it was oneof the important site which its explain the way of life after decline ofMeroe. It's contain a cemetery of huge mound Graves of unique types.
Although five sites were listed in world heritage sites the Napatanregion contain many of recent discovered centers of Napatan kingdom.like Usli and Hugair.
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Egypt and Sudan
Yaser Mahmoud Hussein(Field school '5 director,
Ministry of/lntiquities Egypt)
THE MINISTRY OF ANTIQUITIES ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELDSCHOOLS AND CONTINUING RESEARCH
IN UPPER EGYPTSince 2014 the Ministry of Antiquities running a series of Egyptian
archaeological field schools. This field schools are designed to provide theyoung inspectors with an introduction to archaeological excavation andthe most modern, appropriate and efficient methods in excavation andarchaeological site recording.
During the field school Four Egyptian Experienced Supervisors -graduatedforAERAarchaeological field schools— oversee four teams ofsix or seven younginspectors with the help of four assistant supervisors. The archaeologicalsystem they used in the filed schools is "Single Context Planning" which is thefield manual the AERA team has developed over seven field schools between2005 and 2011 based on MOLAS filed manual. This manual serve as a teachingguide for the successful field school run by the MA. Usually the duration of thefiled school is two months. In the first four weeks they teach basic componentsof the core syllabus which contain site assessment, site survey and mapping,stratigraphic excavation, recording archaeological deposits with drawing andphotography. Upon completion of this filed school inspectors will be able todo the following, Employ a range of commonly used mediums to documentthe Archaeological record including photography, illustration, narrativewriting, and form-based documentation, Choose hand tools that effectivelyand efficiently address different scenarios in the excavation of shovel probes,excavation units, and features Demonstrate the appropriate use of a varietyof mapping tools, including tape and compass, manual transit, and totalstation Employ hand tools for excavation in the appropriate fashion to insurethe careful removal of archaeological materials Identify special cases in thearchaeological record that require an expertise in the excavation, curation, orsampling of a particular deposit or material.
15"" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Séverine Marchi(CNRS/LIMR 8167 - Orient et Méditerrariée)
THE NUBIAN AND EGYPTIAN TOWN OF DUKKI GEL:RECENT DISCOVERIES IN NORTHERN SUDAN
Since the first archaeological investigations on the site of Dukki Gelin 1994, our knowledge of the Nubian and Egyptian architecture as wellas the urban planning set up in this area is significantly enriched. Therecent excavations led in the ceremonial city, located north of the capitalKerma, allowed to bring to light exceptional mud bricks buildingscontemporary to the Kerma period but also to reveal the originality ofEgyptian architecture which, at the borders of the territory, was widelyinfluenced by the local techniques.
The discoveries carried out during the last season, with help of ageomagnetic survey in areas situated out of the current excavationzone, showed the site scope, the originality of its vestiges and of thearchitectural techniques used, as well for period Kerma as for the phasesof the Egyptian occupation.
The towns of Dukki Gel and Kerma are key sites for the understandingof the ancient history of Sudan. Their remains, and particularly theimpressive military systems components, attest the confrontationalnature of the relationships between the African Kingdom of Kerma andits powerful northern neighbor.
35
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Egypt and Sudan
Neal Spencer(Keeper of/Incient Egypt and Sudan,
British Museum)
"AMARA WEST: LIVED EXPERIENCE, CULTURALENTANGLEMENT AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
THROUGH FIELDWORK AT A RAMESSIDE TOWNIN UPPER NUBIA"
Amara West, l70km upstream of Wadi Halfa, was founded as a newadministrative centre for the pharaonic oversight of Upper Nubia (Kush)in the reign of Seti l. A British Museum research project, instigated in 2008,has been investigating ancient lived experience through the excavation oftwo housing neighbourhoods, alongside two burial grounds, underpinnedby bioarchaeological and archaeometrical analyses. These research strandshave revealed new insights into the entanglement of Egyptian and Nubianculture, how the nature of the town changed across two centuries, andled us to question whether the retreat of pharaonic Egypt from UpperNubia led to the town's abandonment. A programme of communityengagement - using English, Arabic and Nubian languages — seeks toensure knowledge exchange between archaeologists and inhabitants oflocal towns and villages, and that the results of our research do not onlybenefit academic audiences.
I.“ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 20 l (3
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Elham Salah El-Din(Head ofMuseums Sector
The Ministry ofAntiquities, Egypt)
DEFINITION OF THE ROLE OF MUSEUMEDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION
Museums as educational institutions are based on promoting theaudiences’ capability to learn through museum's collections. Commonly, therole of museums’ education is defined as the core to museums’ service to thepublic. Educational programs should be designed carefully and organizedfollowing specific messages. The aim of the article is to test and define theroles of museums in educational and communication matters with newmethods as a matter of the changing roles and goals of museums through thelast decades.
Museums role of education started during the Second World War, whereschools closed and museums acted as schools. Then, in the twentieth centurymuseums’ specialists evoked that museums should be used for formal andinformal education. As for the informal museums’ education, it is to set someprograms depended on criteria ofcommunities: ages, social, educational levels,interests and museums messages. As for the formal museums’ education, thereare many questions to be answered. What does it mean? Will the museumoffer special places "classes" or curriculum? Alternatively, will the museum bethe practicing place for school's curriculum? Will schools organize their visitswith the museums? Does the formal role is easy to be applied by museums.The answers of those questions may not clear within the roles of museums.Museums need to work on their collections and their services and facilitiesto achieve those roles. Using their collections, museums should educatecommunities their history, art, societies’ beliefs and traditions to ensurethe connections and pertinence to their culture. As for Museums i_n Egypt,they are wide varied; now there are many educational departments that arefounded in every Museum aiming to educate, engage and inspire the public.If the museum's role relies on communication with their societies, it will needa medium, and the medium is these educational departments that engage themuseums and their visitors, collections and activities to understandably andclear communicate and interpret where most of the Egyptian Museums withthe help of these department act as a communication system.
40
Egypt and Sudan
Solveig Lawrenz(German Archaeological Institute DAI)
THE ARCHIVE OF FRIEDRICH W. HINKEL:DIGITAL SOLUTIONS FOR ANALOGUE RESEARCH DATA
The archive of Friedrich W. Hinkel currently held at the GermanArchaeological Institute (DAI) in Berlin is one of the largest privately collectedresearch archives focusing on the antiquities of the Sudan. Collected duringHinkel's over 40 years of work in the Sudan both as a member of archaeologicalmissions of the former German Democratic Republic and as the official architectof the Sudanese Antiquities Service, the archive contains thousands of photos,slides maps and drawing of archaeological sites all across the Sudan. Since2014 the DA] has made considerable efforts to digitize the archive in order tomake this treasure trove of research material accessible for the internationalresearch community via the systems of the iDAI.world. Funded by the QatarSudan Archaeological Projects (2014-2016) and the German Foreign ministry,the project is also cooperating with NCAM in assessing how the data fromthe Hinkel—Archive could be used to create a digital antiquities registry for theSudan.
1*" INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
2016
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Shadia Abdrabo(Senior curator National corporations
for antiquates Grmuseum, Sudan)
MUSEUMS IN SUDAN PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Museums are the nation's memory, which tells of the achievements ofthe peoples and their struggle as well as reflecting cultural characteristicsand components across cultural eras and generations. They are also afacade of civilized cities and states by exposing visitors to knowledge,culture and tourism. Sudan become concerned with museums in latenineteenth century and early the twentieth .It is considered an openmuseum through natural diverse environment , ethnicity and hugebiological ethnic differences reflected by languages , material heritage,and remnants of ancient cultures. Thus, there was growing concern toestablish a string of museums, particularly Archaeological museums.After the Nubian antiquities salvation campaign during establishmentof the High Dam in Aswan, there were a dense of archaeological remains,consequently, Sudan National Museum was established and manyfollowed. There are proposal to build new museums in different statesofSudan.
This paper is a trial to shed light on museums in Sudan sinceestablishment of first museum up to now, by focusing on the establishedones and these being built and the proposed in the future.
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42
Egypt and Sudan
Hisham Elleithy(General Director
Center of Studies and Documentationof Egyptian Antiquities (CEDAE)
8* Scientifi cPublication Department,Ministry of/lntiquities, Egypt)
THE CENTER FOR STUDIES AND DOCUMENTATIONON ANCIENT EGYPT (CEDAE)PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
The Center for Studies and Documentation on Ancient Egypt (CEDAE)was established in Egypt in 1956 during the International Campaignto Save the Monuments of Nubia in order to meet the urgent need forsystematic recording of threatened archaeological sites, including AbuSimbel, Cerf Hussein, and Wadi es-Sebua. Today, after sixty years, its
activities have extended to the whole of Egypt. The Egyptian scientificand technical members of CEDAE, cooperating with a French team fromCNRS, documented the Ramesside tombs in the Valley of the Queens.It has also documented a number of tombs in the Theban necropolisand at Deir el—Medina, and the Ramesseum, and recorded graffiti from
the Theban mountains, resulting in numerous scientific publications aswell as pamphlets for the general public. CEDAE has also worked inAswan, Assiut, Sohag, Minya, and Alexandria. Current projects includethe documentation of TT 123 (Amenemhat) and TT 368 (Amunhotep
called Huy). Older manuscripts (such as the documentation of TT 57
[Khaemhat]) are also being prepared for publication in the near future.CEDAE has obtained archives of pioneers who led archaeological workin Egypt and of those who directed the antiquities service in 18905, whichit will preserve from now on. CEDAE is creating a public online databaseof all the documented tombs and temples, which will be maintained andmanaged by the Ministry of Antiquities of Egypt, and a new catalogue ofall the tombs in the Theban necropolis.
1*“ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016
Opportunities for Future Collaboration
Yasmin El Shazly(Ministry of/lntiquities, Egypt)
THE REGISTRARS OF THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM, CAIRO:PIONEERS IN THE FIELD OF COLLECTIONS
MANAGEMENT IN EGYPT
The Registration, Collections Management and DocumentationDepartment (RCMDD) of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo started off as aproject, directed by Janice Kamrin, under the American Research Centerin Egypt, and became an official department in 2007. This paper willdiscuss the history of the RCMDD, its role in retrieving objects stolenfrom the Egyptian Museum in 2011, the role of the registrars as trainersfor different museum professionals in Egypt and how the RCMDD isnow regarded as a model to be emulated by different museums aroundthe country.
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44
Egypt and Sudan
Ahmad al-Shaky(General supervisor of the Museum
oflslamic Art in Cairo)G3\\4I
THE MUSEUM OF ISLAMIC ART IN CAIRORE-OPEN AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
The Museum of Islamic Art, located in Bab al- Khalq in the heart ofHistoric Cairo, is considered to be the largest Islamic Art museum in the
world, as it houses close to a hundred thousand artifacts of various typescollected from India, China, Iran, all the way to the Arabian Peninsula, theLevant, Egypt, North Africa and Andalusia. This collection is characterizedby its breadth of coverage of all the branches of Islamic Art throughout theages, which makes it a beacon of Islamic Art and Civilization for all times.Unfortunately, on 24th January of 2014, the Museum was the victim of avicious terrorist attack which has targeted the Cairo Police Headquartersthat stands across the street from it. The Museum employees exertedheroic efforts in their attempts to save and rescue the artifacts; havingto hand pick them sometimes, piece by piece, from the debris left by theexplosion, and quickly confining them to safe storage spaces. after about2 years we will open the Museum again, My paper will be about how weface challenge and face this crisis, and the opportunity of the internationalcooperation.
1“ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE