St. Ivo School

Research & development of ideas (Summer 06 - Oct 06)

Disease chosen: TB

4 preliminary lessons planned• An intro to TB• UK historical change• 2 lessons in IT room – student research

World Health Summit Thursday 7th December 06

Involving one Yr 9 class

Student & staff evaluationOf project

St Ivo School Model

St. Ivo SchoolGeography of disease Tuberculosis chosen due to school immunisation

programme!

A lot of preliminary work & research on1. Data for countries – multivariate data2. Tuberculosis as a disease

Preparing materials for 4 intro lessons as well as the World Health Summit (Dec 06)

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Lesson 1:

Introduction to Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis – The facts!

• TB is curable but kills 5000 people every day or 2 million per year.

• 2 billion people (1/3 of world’s population) are infected with the microbes that cause TB

• 1 in 10 people infected with TB microbes will become sick with active TB in their lifetime

• TB is contagious & spreads through the air: if not treated each person with active TB infects 10-15 people every year (approx)

• Almost 9 million new cases occurred in 2004

What is TB?

• Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis)

• The TB bacteria usually attack the lungs but it can also attack the kidneys, spine & brain. It is fatal if untreated.

How is TB spread?• TB germs are spread from person to person through

the air.• The bacteria are put into the air when a person with

active TB coughs or sneezes.• When a person breathes in TB bacteria they settle in

the lungs & begin to grow, from there they can move through the blood to other parts of the body

• Not everyone infected with TB gets sick. People can have latent TB infection they don’t feel ill, have any symptoms & can’t spread TB to others. These people can go on and get the TB disease.

How would you know if you had TB?

Symptoms:• Bad cough lasting 3

weeks or more• Chest pain• Coughing up blood or

sputum• Weakness / tiredness• Weight loss

• Sweating at night• No appetite• Chills• Fever

With these symptoms people can spread TB to others.

Estimated number of TB cases 2004

World Region Number (thousands)

Africa 2573

North / South America 363

E. Mediterranean 645

Europe 445

South East Asia 2967

Western Pacific 1925

Why the global increase of TB?

• Population growth• Urbanisation• Increasing poverty• Rates of HIV infection – this weakens the immune

system. If HIV + 100x more likely to develop TB.• Drug resistant TB (costs for LEDCs?)• Young adults & women aged 15-44 , most at risk• Poorly managed TB programmes – especially in

LEDCs (Africa & SE Asia)

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Lesson 2:Interpreting Graphs and Data

Tuberculosis in the UK

                        

     

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0

Num

ber

1940

1943

1946

1949

1952

1955

1958

1961

1964

1967

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

Notifications

Deaths

Figure 1: TB notifications and deaths in England and Wales, 1940-2003

BCG vaccination introduced (given to school leaving age) in 1953

TB levels started to increase

Lowest recorded level of TB – 5745 in 1987

On average 10500 people die from TB each year

Vaccination also given to infants from 1960

TB incidence decreased

An average of 350 people die from TB each year

50,000 cases a year in 1950

Annotating the graph

Since 1987 (lowest number of cases: 5745) cases have risen by 27% to 7300 a year

Each year 350 people die from TB

Figure 3

The number of new cases…

In 2004-05, we saw the largest increase in any one year since 1999!

Where is TB found?

and

Who gets it?

7

The largest increase was seen amongst patients who were not born in the UK. However, only 22% of these patients in 2005 arrived in the UK during the past two years. This suggests that the increase is not a result of a large number of individuals arriving recently with TB but rather a combination of TB disease developing in individuals who may have been infected for some time and new infections acquired in the UK, or as a result of travel to other countries where TB is common.

9

Fig 8 & 9:Tuberculosis rates per age group, England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2001-5

UK born

Non-UK born

The UK’s BCG vaccination programme

has changed?

Vaccinations are no longer given to all school aged children; instead those people considered most at risk of catching TB are vaccinated.

Those who…

• are in close contact with an infected person• have visited, lived or worked for a long time in

countries with a high rate of TB• are the children of parents whose country of origin

has a high rate of TB• have a weakened immune system due to disease

or treatment (HIV)• are homeless or living in poor or overcrowded

conditions or undernourished• may have been exposed to TB in their youth when

the disease was more common in this country • young children and very elderly people

St. Ivo SchoolWorld Health Summit

St. Ivo SchoolWelcome today to all honourable delegates from the UK, USA, China, Bangladesh, Kenya and Brazil for the 2006 WHO summit. The focus of this meeting is Tuberculosis – a disease that causes 2 million deaths per year (worldwide), one every 15 seconds. 98% of these deaths occur in developing (poorer) areas of the world.

I am hoping that today will help us to understand some of the issues facing our countries with regards to TB. It should be our collective aim to try and eradicate TB globally.

GLOBAL PLAN FILM

Let us work together whatever our global position or level of wealth to sort out this disease. Please make a firm commitment today with how your country will join the Global plan to STOP TB 2006 – 2015. This disease can not be allowed to continue killing people, in the last century 100 million people have died, please support a TB free world.

Opening Address

St. Ivo SchoolOutline of the day

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St. Ivo School

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St. Ivo SchoolAfter break

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St. Ivo SchoolAfter lunch

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Using multivariate data packages

St. Ivo SchoolMultivariate data

• 5d plotters

v fathom

• Raw data

v percentages

• Outline sheet of what to achieve

• Many trends explored

St. Ivo SchoolMultivariate plotters

• Possibilities are

there to explore

in lots more detail

• Fairly easy to use

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St. Ivo SchoolStudent evaluation of multivariate packages• Easy to use & instant (sliding button)• Useful once understood how to work it• Lots of information on the graphs• The data was in an understandable form• The graphs helped ‘put the figures into perspective’• Fathom difficult to understand• A small number of girls found it hard to use and

understand

St. Ivo School Evaluation of multivariate packages

• Every student was engaged throughout the lesson and computer project!

• 99% of students were on task and managed to interpret some graphs and related the data back to the context

• Plotters more approachable to students

St. Ivo SchoolEvaluation of TB project

• This involved one group of 30 year 9 students.

• All students had 4 preparation lessons culminating in the mock world health summit (7/12/07)

• Students completed an evaluation sheet at the end of the summit about all the work they had done.

St. Ivo SchoolStudent opinions

• Lots enjoyed the lesson on TB in the UK, using graphs & matching statements

• Interested to know about TB• Enjoyed using ICT and independent learning• Liked sorting out the costumes & finding out about

their country• Some students commented that they enjoyed the

WHS day better than the prep lessons

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What did students learn about TB?

• How many people it kills• How easily it’s spread• The fact it’s curable• 1 person can infect 10-15 people • Affects 2 million per year• No longer vaccinated in lots of British schools

& why• Many countries can’t afford immunisations

Our evaluation St. Ivo School

• A lot of work

• The projects remit was very broad

• It was hard to integrate geography and maths while meeting all the aims of the project

• We feel that we met the aims of the project successfully

• Students learnt facts/info/skills

• We have learnt from the experience

• Unclear as to how the material can be transferred to other schools in order to minimise work and to keep data up-to-date

St. Ivo SchoolOverall…Enjoyable project for both students and staff