Health and Human DevelopmentUnit 2 AOS 2

SAC revision booklet

SAC: Friday 18th October, period 3

The SAC will consist of a variety of short answer responses.

Unit 2, Area of Study 2Health care in Australia

On completion of this unit the student should be able to describe how to access Australia’s health system,explain how it promotes health and wellbeing in their local community, and analyse a range of issues associatedwith the use of new and emerging health procedures and technologies.

To achieve this outcome the student will draw on key knowledge and key skills outlined in Area of Study 2.

Key knowledge

key aspects of Australia’s health system such as Medicare, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and private health insurance

the range of services available in the local community to support physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual dimensions of health and wellbeing

factors affecting access to health services and information rights and responsibilities associated with accessing health services, including privacy and

confidentiality relating to the storage, use and sharing of personal health information and data opportunities and challenges presented by digital media in the provision of health and wellbeing

information, for example websites, online practitioners and digital health apps issues such as ethics, equity of access, privacy, invasiveness and freedom of choice relating to the use

of new and emerging health procedures and technologies options for consumer complaint and redress within the health system.

Key skills

describe key aspects of the health system research health services in the local community and explain which dimension/s of health each one

supports identify and explain factors that affect people’s ability to access health services and information,

including digital media, in Australia discuss rights and responsibilities of access to health services analyse issues such as ethics, equity of access, privacy, invasiveness and freedom of choice associated

with the use of new and emerging health procedures and technologies explain the options for consumer complaint and redress within the health system.

The Australian health care system

• Australia’s health system is a complex network of public and private services and providers.

• The health system is the responsibility of all levels of Government – federal, state and local as well as the private sector.

• The three key aspects of Australia’s health care system which aim to increase access to healthcare for all Australians are;

1. Medicare2. The PBS3. Private health insurance

Australia's Health Care system works to promote health and wellbeing in relation to the following 4 areas.

S - SustainabilityA - Access F – FundingE – Equity

Complete the table below for the different healthcare responsibilities of Local, State and Federal Government.

What is Medicare?

What is covered by Medicare

What is not covered by Medicare.

How is Medicare funded?

Describe bulk-billing

Advantages of Medicare Disadvantages of Medicare

Federal

State

Local

Explain the term scheduling fee, use an example to support your response.

What is meant by the PBS?

Advantages of the PBS Disadvantages of the PBS

Identify one example of a product currently found on the PBS.

Private health insurance

• Private health insurance is a type of insurance under which members pay a premium (or fee) in return for payment towards health-related costs not covered by Medicare. It is additional insurance purchased on top of Medicare.

• Private health insurance cover is generally divided into hospital cover, extra cover and ambulance cover.

Advantages of Private health insurance Disadvantages of Private health insurance

The Government has implemented 3 incentives to encourage people to purchase private health insurance. Outline the 3 below.

The range of community services to support the dimensions of health and wellbeing

How could the above community services impact on ones health and Wellbeing. Make 3 links below.

Rights and responsibilities of access to healthcare

The Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights outlines the rights of patients, consumers and other people using the Australian Healthcare system. These rights are essential to ensure that all healthcare provided in Australia is of the highest standard.

The charter of healthcare rights has three guiding principles,

1. Everyone has the right to be able to access healthcare2. The Australian Government commits to international agreements about human rights, which recognize everyone’s right to have the highest possible standard of physical and mental health and wellbeing.3. Australia is a society made up of different cultures and ways of life, and they need to be respected.

Outline the rights of a patient when accessing healthcare.

Community services

Doctors, dentists, hospitals

Maternal and child

health services

Sports or recreational

clubs

Headspace

Places of worship

Volunteer organisation

Along with their rights, patients also have certain responsibilities when accessing healthcare. Outline the patient responsibilities below.

Define the term, Medical confidentiality.

Access to health services and information

For each of the below factors outline how they can affect access to health services.

The Royal flying doctors service, what to know! When was it established? Outline the organisations values List 7 of the main bases for their flight

paths. How is the service funded? List 4 facts or figures about the service

Digital media and health and wellbeing

Digital media refers to audio (sound), video and photographic content that has been converted into a digital media title.

Factors affecting access to

health services

Gender

Geographic location

Socioeconmc statusHealth Literacy

Cultural factors

Examples of digital media products include;- Websites, mobile apps, social media, games, data and databases, digital audio (MPS), digital

image & video, computer software and e-books.

Digital media and its applications are expanding at a great rate, and one area where there has been a large uptake of this technology is in the health and wellbeing industry. These fall under a number of headings including;

- Technology-based patient consultations- Symptoms checkers- General health and wellbeing websites and mobile apps- Search engines such as google

Explanation of the digital media.

Positives and negatives

Technology-based patient consultations

Symptoms checkers

General health and wellbeing websites and mobile apps

Search engines such as google

What is the name of two of the top health & wellbeing apps. Outline the services they provide and why you think they are so popular?

New health procedures and technologies

There have been rapid and beneficial advances in medical procedures and technologies; however, there are several issues that accompany the use of new medical processes.

Advances in medicine include;- IVF- 3D printing of body parts- Nanotechnology- Robotics- Artificial intelligence- Stem cell use

Description of new health procedures and technology

Advantages and disadvantages

- IVF

- 3D printing of body parts

- Robotics

- Artificial intelligence

- Stem cell use

Health system complaints

In Victoria, individuals have the right to make a complaint through the Health Complaints Commissioner (HCC).

The HCC is an independent, fee free organisation whose role it is to receive and resolve complaints about health service providers.

Anyone can make a complaint to the HHC about any health service provided in Victoria, or about any organisation that holds health records eg. Schools or gyms.

Why might someone make a complaint?

Practice questions

1. Explain the difference between Medicare and private health insurance.

2. Outline two rights of a patient when accessing healthcare.

3. Briefly explain the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS).

4. Briefly describe one service available in the local community and explain how it can support spiritual health and wellbeing.

5. Briefly describe one service available at a state level of government and explain how it can support health and wellbeing.

6. Briefly describe one service available at a federal level of government and explain how it can support health and wellbeing.

7. What is meant by the terms ‘ medical confidentiality’ and privacy.

8. Complete the mind map below,

9. Explain how three factors in the mind map above can impact on access to health services

10. What is meant by the term digital media

Factors affecting access to

health services

11. List 3 uses of digital media is the health industry.

12. Outline the benefits of technology-based patient consultations.

13. Outline why self-diagnosis is a challenge for the medical industry.

14. How is 3D printing benefiting the medical industry?

15. Outline the complaint process.