st ud i k as us p ada ma ha si swa uni ve rs it as san ata dh … · not influ ence the c ust...

KUDORP KEREM NAD AGRAH ,SATILAUK HURAGNEPDNOP ’ PADAHRET REVELINU.TP MAOF LAICAF S

NAGGNALEP SATILAYOL

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisahaM adap susaK idutS ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

nemejanaM idutS margorP

\

: helO ohorguN iradnuS atehdanreB

260412270 : MIN

NEMEJANAM NASURUJ NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU ATRAKAYGOY

102 3

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

KUDORP KEREM NAD AGRAH ,SATILAUK HURAGNEPDNOP ’ PADAHRET REVELINU.TP MAOF LAICAF S

NAGGNALEP SATILAYOL

atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisahaM adap susaK idutS ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

nemejanaM idutS margorP

\

: helO ohorguN iradnuS atehdanreB

260412270 : MIN

NEMEJANAM NASURUJ NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU ATRAKAYGOY

102 3


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM

.yako eb ot ton yako s’tI era uoy ohw fo eurt eb tsuJ

)J eisseJ(

nainarebek ikilimem atik akij atayn idajnem tapad atik naipmi aumeS

.aynrajegnem kutnu

)yensiD tlaW(

ispirkS : adapek nakhabmesrepuk ini

ukgnudnilep iagabes airaM adnuB nad sutsirK suseY nahuT

ubi , hayA

atnicret gnay uk kakak naD


v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

aS ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ay

naigab uata ayrak taumem kadit naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk malad

3102 teraM 6 ,atrakaygoY

siluneP

ohorguN iradnuS atehdanreB


iv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAGNITNEPEK

SIMEDAKA

atanaS satisrevinU awsisahaM ayaS ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY.atrakaygoY amrahD

: amaN ohorguN iradnuS atehdanreB

260 4122 70 : miN

adapek nakirebmem ayaS ,nauhategneP umlI nanugnabmep imeDatanaS satisrevinU :ludujreb gnay ayaS haimlI ayrak ,atrakaygoY amrahD

KUDORP KEREM NAD AGRAH ,SATILAUK HURAGNEP SATILAYOL PADAHRET REVELINU .TP MAOF LAICAF S’DNOP

NAGGNALEP

ayas naikimed nagneD .)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseBS satisrevinU adapek nakirebmem kutnu kah ,atrakaygoY amrahD atana

kutneb malad aynhalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem uata tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem nad satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad

s irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat simedakA naulrepek kutnu nial aidem nupuam aya iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek ytlayor nakirebmem

.itilenep nad silunep

taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

3102 teraM 6 ,atrakaygoY siluneP



iiv

KARTSBA

KEREM NAD AGRAH ,SATILAUK HURAGNEP KUDORP

PADAHRET REVELINU.TP MAOF LAICAF S’DNOP

NAGGNALEP SATILAYOL

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisahaM susaK idutS


mrahD atanaS satisrevinU

atrakaygoY

3102

laisrap huragnep )1( : iuhategnem kutnu halada ini naitilenep naujuTk huragnep )2( ;naggnalep satilayol padahret kudorp kerem nad agrah ,satilau

.naggnalep satilayol padahret kudorp kerem nad agrah ,satilauk natlumis

id nakukalid gnay susak iduts naitilenep nakapurem ini naitilenePsusuhK .amrahD atanaS satisrevinU supmaK ayn kudorp naggnalep awsisaham

lepmas halmuJ .maoF laicaF s’dnoP libmaid gnay nagned gnaro 001 halada kinket gnilpmas latnedicca halada nakanugid gnay atad nalupmugnep kinkeT .

reinil sisilana halada atad isilana kinkeT .isavresbo nad aracnawaw ,renoisiukdnag .a

nakkujnunem sisilana lisaH agrah ,satilauk )1( : kudorp huragnepreb naggnalep satilayol padahret laisrap araces . )2( huragnepreb kadit kudorp kerem.naggnalep satilayol padahret laisrap araces )3( kudorp kerem nad agrah ,satilauk

natlumis huragnepreb naggnalep satilayol padahret .


iiiv

TCRASBA

TCUDORP FO DNARB DNA ,ECIRP ,YTILAUQ FO ECNEULFNI EHT S

REVELINU.TP NO MAOF LAICAF S’DNOP

NO SREMOTSUC ’ LAYOL YT

no ydutS esaC A stnedutS ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS


atanaS ytisrevinU amrahD

atrakaygoY

3102

fo mia ehT fo ecneulfni laitrap eht )1( : tuo dnif ot saw hcraeser eht p ,ytilauq no tcudorp fo dnarb dna ecir layol sremotsuc ;yt suoenatlumis eht )2(

fo ecneulfni rp ,ytilauq no tcudorp fo dnarb dna ,eci layol sremotsuc .yt

ni enod saw hcihw yduts esac a saw hcraeser ehT eht atanaS fo supmacytisrevinU amrahD eht era stnednopser ehT . ohw stneduts esu laicaF s’dnoP

maoF . elpoep 001 erew gnirehtag atad ehT .hcraeser eht ni elpmas eht sa nekateht ni desu saw hcihw euqinhcet dna ,weivretni ,seriannoitseuq saw hcraeser

cet sisylana ehT .noitavresbo elpitlum saw desu saw hcihw euqinh .sisylana raenil

eht fo tluser ehT fo ecirp dna ytilauq )1( ; taht dewohs hcraeser eht tcudorp eht ecneulfni yllaitrap sremotsuc ’ layol narb )2( .yt tcudorp fo d yllaitrap

ton eht ecneulfni sremotsuc ’ tcudorp fo dnarb dna ,ecirp ,ytilauq )3( .ytlayol eht fo ecneulfni ylsuoenatlumis layol i sremotsuc yt ’.


xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK

.aumeS atiK igaB arethajeS malaS

ijup alages nakhabmesrep silunep ,ayulellaH apaB hallA taridahek rukuys nad

gnay sutsirK suseY imaK nahuT laggnuT gnay aynkanA nad agrus id ada gnay

sutup kadit - sagut nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes ,nakasar silunep sutup

: ludujreb gnay ini ispirks rihka NAD AGRAH ,SATILAUK HURAGNEP

DORP KEREM PADAHRET REVELINU.TP MAOF LAICAF S’DNOP KU

NAGGNALEP SATILAYOL .

utas halas nakapurem ini ispirks nanusuyneP raleg helorepmem kutnu tarays

S imonokE anajra satlukaF ,nemejanaM nasuruJ ,nemejanaM idutS margorP adap

trakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU imonokE .a

rasebes gnay naagrahgnep nakpacugnem nigni silunep ini natapmesek malaD -

,aganet ,utkaw kiab nagnabmus rebmem halet gnay kahip aumes adapek aynraseb

tapad ini ispirks aynrihka aggnihes silunep adapek nagnorod nad ,nagnibmib

gni silunep uti kutnU .iaseles :adapek hisakamiret kaynab nakpacugnem ni

.1 J.S ,omotoyirP onoyriW suluaP .rD amaR s satisrevinU rotkeR ukale

.amrahD atanaS

.2 .M ,ojdiraM yrreH .H .rD iS atanaS imonokE satlukaF nakeD ukales

.amrahD

.3 iS.M ,otowruP sakuL .rD ukales K aute nemejanaM nasuruJ satisrevinU

.amrahD atanaS


x

.4 A.B.M ,idatuS surodoehT .srD , halet gnay I gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales

naras ,naitahrep ,naharagnep nakirebmem nad utkaw nakaideynem kaynab

.ini ispirks nanusuynep malad aynnagnibmib atres T hisakamire aguj sata

nad nagnibmib alages .hailuk hupmenem silunep amales tahesan

.5 .isM ,itnadraH iniR anailuY .arD , gnay II gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales

sata hisakamiret ,nakusam nad naras irebmem kaynab halet aguj

.ini ispirks aynnakiaselesret iapmas nagnibmib irebmem malad aynutkaw

.6 nad nesoD panegeS atanaS satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF nawayraK

amrahD aynnautnab nad nauhategnep lakeb nakirebmem halet gnay ,

.ini amales silunep adapek

.7 )T ahtraM( ubI nad )ohorguN nisraM surteP suinotnA( hayA gnay

atnicret b ,naitahrep ,gnayas hisak nakhapmilem ulales gnay agnibmi ,n

aguj hisak amireT .ini umatnic haub kutnu aod nad atnic atres narabasek

pudih ipadahgnem malad raget nad tauk gnay gnaro uknakidajnem halet

.pudih ipakiynem malad asawed uktaubmem aggnihes

.8 .ohorguN yrrurB sudanreB hisakamireT kakak idajnem halet gnay

T .tabeh nakirebid halet gnay naitahrep nad tagnames sata hisak amire

.ini amales

.9 tabahas aumeS icU ( naitahrep ,nagnorod ,nagnukud irebmem ulales gnay

. lubmeG ,gnanaN ,ijA ,aniW , ! syug thgif peek TPM salekes namet )

tuki hadus ini amales gnay namet ,ayas utnabmem - ampoK id namet

supmaK halet 7002 natakgna nemejanaM nagnaujrepes namet aumes nad ,

kahip aumes ,nakapulret kat gnay nagnanek nad nautnab nakirebmem


ix

id utasrep utas naktubesid asib kadit gnay silunep utnabmem halet gnay

.inis

nem siluneP helO .nagnaruekek ikilimem hisam ini ispirks awhab iraday

silunep ,aynnaanrupmeynep irad nugnabmem gnay naras nad kitirk ,uti anerak

igab taafnamreb ini ispirks agomes ,atak rihkA .akubret nagnat nagned amiret

.acabmep arap

3102 teraM 6 ,atrakaygoY

siluneP



iix

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ..................... i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ............. ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ....... iii

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .... vi

SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP NAMALAH ........................ v

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL AYRAK ISAKILBUP

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI ................................ ........ iv

NAMALAH KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ............... iiv

NAMALAH TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ............... iiiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK NAMALAH ................................ .............................. ix

ALAH ISI RATFAD NAM ................................ ................................ ............ iix

LEBAT RATFAD NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ... vx

AH RABMAG RATFAD NAMAL ................................ ................................ ivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD NAMALAH ................................ ............................. ivx i

NAULUHADNEP I BAB

.A aL gnakaleB rat ................................ ................................ ............. 1

.B halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ ........ 4

.C halasaM nasataB ................................ ................................ .......... 4

.D naitileneP naujuT ................................ ................................ ........ 5

.E naitilenep taafnaM ................................ ................................ ...... 5


iiix

AKATSUP NAIJAK II BAB

.A iroeT nasadnaL ................................ ................................ ............ 7

.1 narasameP ................................ ................................ ............. 7

.2 narasameP sesorP ................................ ................................ .. 7

.3 naggnaleP satilayoL ................................ .............................. 7

.4 kudorP ................................ ................................ .................. 9

.5 satilauK ................................ ................................ ................. 01

.6 agraH ................................ ................................ .................... 11

.7 kereM ................................ ................................ .................... 11

.B uluhadreT naitileneP ................................ ................................ ... 21

.C naitileneP akgnareK ................................ ................................ .... 41

.D sisetopiH ................................ ................................ ..................... 41

NAITILENEP EDOTEM III BAB

.A naitileneP sineJ ................................ ................................ ........... 61

.B naitileneP kejbO nad naitileneP kejbuS ................................ ....... 61

.C naitileneP isakoL nad utkaW ................................ ....................... 61

.D naitileneP lebairaV ................................ ................................ ...... 61

.E lanoisarepO isinifeD ................................ ................................ ... 71

.F isalupoP lepmaS ................................ ................................ .......... 81

.G lepmaS nalibmagneP kinkeT ................................ ....................... 91

.H ataD rebmuS ................................ ................................ ............... 91

.I ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT ................................ .......................... 02

.J nemurtsnI naijugneP kinkeT ................................ ........................ 02

.1 satidilaV ijU ................................ ................................ .......... 02

.2 eR ijU satilibail ................................ ................................ ...... 12

.K ataD sisilanA kinkeT ................................ ................................ ... 22

.1 kisalK ismusA ijU ................................ ................................ . 22

.2 isergeR sisilanA adnagreB raeniL ................................ .......... 52

.3 adnaG isaleroK neisifeoK ................................ ...................... 52


vix

.4 F ijU ................................ ................................ ...................... 62

.5 t ijU ................................ ................................ ....................... 72

NAAHASUREP MUMU NARABMAG VI BAB

.A kbT aisenodnI revelinU TP mumU narabmaG ............................. 82

.B kudorP mumU narabmaG ................................ ............................ 13

NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA V BAB

.A nednopseR kitsiretkaraK ................................ ............................. 24

.B jU sisilanA ijU nad satidilaV i atilibaileR s ................................ .... 54

.C ataD sisilanA ................................ ................................ .............. 74

.D nasahabmeP ................................ ................................ ................ 45

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK IV BAB

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ................. 65

.B naraS ................................ ................................ ........................... 85

RATFAD AKATSUP ................................ ................................ ................... 95

AL NARIPM ................................ ................................ ................................ . 06


vx

LEBAT RATFAD

1.V lebaT rumU nakrasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK ................................ 34

2.V lebaT nednopseR kitsiretkaraK nimaleK sineJ nakrasadreB .................... 34

baT 3.V le amaL nakrasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK

naanuggneP kudorP ................................ ................................ ........ 44

4.V lebaT nakrasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK

takgniT natapadneP ................................ ................................ ....... 44

5.V lebaT naitileneP lebairaV satidilaV ijU ................................ .................. 64

6.V lebaT naitileneP satilibaileR ijU lisaH ................................ ................... 74

7.V lebaT satiraenilokitluM ijU lisaH ................................ ........................... 84

8.V lebaT adnagreB raeniL isergeR sisilanA lisaH ................................ ....... 15

9.V lebaT adnaG isaleroK sisilanA lisaH ................................ ...................... 25

01.V lebaT F ijU lisaH ................................ ................................ ................. 25

11.V lebaT t ijU lisaH ................................ ................................ .................. 35


ivx

RABMAG RATFAD

1.4 rabmaG etihW eruP s’dnoP ................................ ................................ .... 83

2.4 rabmaG itnA snoituloS raelC s’dnoP - burcS laicaF lairetcaB .................... 93

3.4 rabmaG maoF laicaF gninethgiL ytuaeB etihW s’dnoP ........................... 04

4.4 rabmaG maoF laicaF lortnoC liO ettaM tcefreP s’dnoP .......................... 14

1.5 rabmaG ijU lisaH satisitsadeksoreteH ................................ ..................... 45

2.5 rabmaG satilamroN ijU lisaH ................................ ................................ . 55


iivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD

1 naripmaL renoisiuK ratfaD ................................ ................................ ......... 36

II naripmaL naitileneP kudnI ataD ................................ ................................ 76

III naripmaL nednopseR kitsiretkaraK ................................ .......................... 08

VI naripmaL satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU ................................ ................... 38

V naripmaL isergeR sisilanA ................................ ................................ ........ 98


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A gnakaleB rataL

tapad ,gnabmekreb suret nad ujam nikames gnay ainud malaD

gnay nahaburep im1alagnem aguj takaraysam pudih alop awhab iskiderpid

.itrareb pukuc irahes napudihek iraD - nad satilamrof napudihek iapmas irah

nagnabmekrep natutnut nagned gniries nahaburep idajret naka laisos

aynada tahilem gnay imonoke ukalep kaynaB .takaraysam irad natapmesek

ini pudih ayag rasap ikusamem kutnu natapmol utaus iagabes nupuata

.)22:5002,pilihP .reltoK( rasap saulrepmem

nagned tasep tagnas ini taas isasilabolg are id sinsib nagnabmekreP

nad iggnit nikames gnay naahasurep ratna nagniasrep takgnit nagned iadnatid

aynmumu adap naahasurep nakbabeynem tubesret naadaeK .tatek ahasureb

,naahasurep nakgnabmegnem ,pudih nagnusgnalek naknahatrepmem kutnu

ipadahgnem malad isisop taukrepmem tapad atres lamitpo abal helorepmem

irad sapelret kadit tubesret naujut iapacnem kutnu anamid gniasep naahasurep

kipid surah gnay narasamep ahasu kudorp mulebes nakanacnerid nad nakri

taubid kokop nataigek utas halas nakapurem narasamep ,uti lah iradayneM .

.naujut iapacnem kutnu naahasurep nakukalid gnay

P kutnu arac utas halas nakapurem liater takgnit narasame

p nalaujnep nad isubirtsid naktakgninem .kudor aumes itupilem liater sinsiB

gnusgnal araces asaj nad gnarab nalaujnep malad tabilret gnay nataigek

sinsib nakub nad idabirp naanuggnep kutnu rihka nemusnok adapek


2

ramU( , niesuH . .)6:5002 nakapurem kitemsok kudorp ,liater sinsib malaD

dorp utas halas rulaj iapmas ,sinej ,kerem macam aparebeb ikilimem gnay ku

gnay kitemsok kudorp aynkaynaB .isairavreb naik amal naik gnay isubirtsid

gnisam aynnaluggnuek nagned narasap id radereb - isisop taubmem gnisam

H.tatek tagnas idajnem rasap id kerem ratna nagniasrep taubmem ini la

abmolreb kitemsok naahasurep - nagned kitemsok iskudorpmem kutnu abmol

naahasurep kudorp nagned adebreb gnay isakifiseps uata naluggnuek iagabreb

gnay kudorp ilebmem raga ilebmep nolac tanim kiranem tapad kutnu aynnial

.naklisahid

labolg rasaP gnay sinsib utaus ada kadit nakidajnem fititepmok gnay

satilayol nad nemusnok nasaupek helo gnukudid apnat amal nahatreb asib

,aisenodnI id tasep tagnas gnay kitemsok kudorp nagnabmekreP .nemusnok

abmolreb kitemsok naahasurep nakidajnem - gninem kutnu abmol naktak

kudorp iulalem nemusnok nakajnamem nagned akerem nemusnok satilayol

.aynnanamaek nimajret nad satilaukreb gnay

kujnunem nemusnok satilayoL k adap naggnalep naaitesek adap na

uata asaj ,kudorp ,kerem itrepes ,utnetret kejbo t nemusnok satilayoL .oko

mem .naahasurep satilibatiforp igab nakifingis gnay kapmad nakireb

kujnunem naka nanikgnumek layol gnay naggnaleP k ukalirep nad pakis na

fitisop isadnemoker nad amas gnay kerem gnalu nailebmep itrepes ,fitisop

uggnem kutnu nial naggnalep ihuragnepmem tapad gnay tubesret kerem nakan

.)36:6002 ,nalrA(


3

irahes natamagnep iraD - atinaw awhab iuhatekid tapad irah

itrareb kadit ini lah nupiksem ,kitemsok kudorp ismusnok isanimodnem

ikal muak awhab - .ilakes amas aynismusnokgnem kadit ikal ,haimala araceS

ulales nigni atinaw .natapmesek paites malad kiranem nad kitnac lipmat

naka nahutubek nakdujuwem kutnu utnab tala nakapurem kitemsoK

.tubesret nakitnacek nakisinifednem aynasaib takaraysam mumu araceS

,kitnacrepmem kutnu nakanugid gnay nahab uata tala utaus iagabes kitemsok

.naknigniid gnay hubut naktaheynem kutnu nakhab ,hadnirepmem

dnoP kitemsok kudorP ’ hadus gnamem maoF laicaF s’dnoP amaturet s

kitemsok kudorp nalucnumreb nupikseM.takaraysam helo amal kajes lanekid

.urab kerem ek hadnipreb kutnu naggne takaraysam ,urab gnay aynaH

nuputi ,urab kudorp nagned ialumem nikgnum gnay ajas alumep anuggnep

adap nemusnok ukalirep naadebrep nakadnanem inI.licek alaks malad amuc

.narasap id kudorp utaus

utaus naka nemusnok isavitom anamiagab iuhatekid ulrep uti kutnU

kudorp y aynitnan gna nailebmep nasutupek padahret huragnepreb naka

gnisam gnay ,aynsatilauk iges irad tubesret kudorp padahret - tapad gnisam

atinaw awhab imahamem s’dnoP .kudorp gnalu nailebmep ihuragnepmem

ulales sdnoP.hadni gnay tiluk nagned nagnitnepekreb asarem ulales

kreb gnay huruleynem araces nakitnacek isulos nakridahgnem kutnunemtimo

hanrep gnay irad hadni hibel atinaw tiluk taubmem tapad

.nakparahid ( .moc.sdnopym.www )


4

nep ,ini naitilenep malaD silu anuggnep adap naksukofmem naka

kitemsok P dno ’ awsisaham adap maoF laicaF s amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

huragnep anamiagab iuhategnem kutnu anugreb ini naitileneP .atrakaygoY

lauk i nad agrah ,sat kerem dnoP kudorp ’ satilayol padahret maoF laicaF s

.aynnaggnalep

naiaru nakrasadreB sata id nep silu itilenemnigni HURAGNEP“

AGRAH ,SATILAUK DNOP KUDORP KEREM NAD ’ LAICAF S

”NAGGNALEP SATILAYOL PADAHRET REVELINU.TP MAOF iduts

aham : susak s .atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsi

.B halasaM nasumuR

halasam naksumurid akam ,ada gnay gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB

:tukireb iagabes

.1 satilauk hakapA huragnepreb laisrap araces kudorp kerem nad ,agrah ,

? naggnalep satilayol padahret

.2 huragnepreb natlumis araces kudorp kerem nad , agrah ,satilauk hakapA

? naggnalep satilayol padahret

.C halasaM nasataB

.1 nakukalid ini naitileneP atilauk huragnep iuhategnem kutnu s nad agrah

dnoP kudorp kerem ’ s maoF laicaF satilayol padahret revelinU.TP

naggnalep .


5

.2 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham adap nakukalid naitileneP

.atrakaygoY

.D naitileneP naujuT

.1 iuhategnem kutnU uk huragnep laisrap araces kerem nad ,agrah ,satila

.naggnalep satilayol padahret kudorp

.2 kerem nad ,agrah ,satilauk huragnep natlumis araces iuhategnem kutnU

.naggnalep satilayol padahret kudorp

.E naitileneP taafnaM

.1 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU igaB

naitilenep lisah awhab nakparahiD nagnabmus nakirebmem tapad

natiakreb gnay nemusnok ukalirep gnatnet gnatnet aynsusuhk ,naumliek

.naggnalep satilayol nagned

.2 itilenep igaB

id kudud amales tapadid halet gnay nauhategnep sata isakilpa iagabeS

w habmanep iagabes aguj uti niales ,hailuk ukgnab kutnu nad nasawa

.naggnalep satilayol ianegnem itilenep nasawaw naktakgninem

.3 takaraysam igaB

idajnem tapad nad maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorp gnatnet isamrofni iagabeS

.kitemsok kudorp nailebmep malad nagnabmitrep nahab


6

.4 ayntukireb itilenep igaB

akusam iagabeS nagned natiakreb gnay ayntukireb naitilenep adap n

elbairav - .kerem satilayol ihuragnepmem gnay lebairav


7

II BAB

AKATSUP NAIJAK

.A iroeT nasadnaL

.1 narasamep naitregneP

halada narasameP ialin nakatpicnem naahasurep anamid sesorp

naggnalep nagned tauk gnay nagnubuh nugnabmem nad naggnalep igab

anem kutnu naujut nagned n iagabes naggnalep irad ialin pakg

(aynnalabmi 8002,gnortsmA yraG nad reltoK .)6:

utaus isinifed ikilimem narasmep ,)2:6002( onotpijT turuneM

naktapadnem kopmolek uata udividni anamid lairejanam nad laisos sesorp

,narawanep ,naatpicnep iulalem naknigni nad nakhutub akerem gnay apa

gnaro nagned ialinreb gnay utauses alages narakutrep nad kopmolek uata

.nial

.2 narasamep sesorP

imahamem kutnu ajrekeb naahasurep ,amatrep hakgnal tapme malaD

nagnubuh nugnabmem nad ,naggnalep igab ialin nakatpicnem ,naggnalep

iaunem naahasurep ,rihkaret hakgnal malaD.naggnalep nagned tauk gnay

tpicnem irad lisah nakatpicnem nagneD .naggnalep igab luggnu ialin naka

irad ialin pakganem akerem aynnalabmi iagabes ,naggnalep igab ialin

malad naggnalep satiuke nad ,abal ,nalaujnep kutneb malad aynnaggnalep

G nad reltoK( gnajnap akgnaj 8002,gnortsmA yra .)6:

.3 lep satilayoL naggna


8

irad ilebmem kutnu asaibret idajnem gnay gnaroeses halada naggnaleP

nad nailebmep iulalem kutnebret uti naasaibeK.naahasurep haubes

.utnetret utkaw edoirep amales gniries gnay iskaretni

ilayoL t na sinomreh nagnubuh aynada anerak atpicret naggnalep sa arat

anerak atpicret ini sinomrah nagnubuh nad naahasurep nagned naggnalep

nailebmep halada naggnalep satilayoL.naggnalep irad saup asar aynada

.naahasurep kudorp padahret nikay patet kutnu nemtimok anerak ilabmek

nakrasadreb nakisinifedid tapad satilayoL .ilebmem ukalirep

:gnay gnaro halada layol gnay naggnaleP

)a gnay naggnaleP .rutaret araces gnalureb nailebmep nakukaleM

gnalu nailebmep nakukalem naka utnetret kudorp nagned kococ

kudorp naktapadnem kutnu gnau nakraulegnem aidesreb nad

.tubesret

)b atna ilebmeM ilebmem aynah kadit naggnaleP .asaj kudorp inil r

.nial kudorp sinej ilebmem aguj akerem ipatet ,kudorp sinej utas

)c aynmumu adap naggnalep araP .nial gnaro adapek nakisnerefereM

kudorp sata nakiratretek ,agraulek nad namet aparebeb ikilimem

kutnu nial gnaro naknikayem naka gnaroeses helo nakanugid gnay

.amas gnay kudorp ilebmem

)d rad nakirat padahret nalabekek nakkujnuneM araP .gniasep i

gnay kudorp padahret nikay asarem layol gnay naggnalep

gnay nial kudorp narawat kalonem gnurednec nad nakanugid

.sinejes


9

.4 kudorP

naahasurep helo tapadid gnay nagnutnuek naigabes aynrasad adaP

et kudorp padahret nemusnok nasaupek irad lasareb uti kutnU .tubesr

nagned uhat nad itregnem halsurah iskudorp sesorp malad naahasurep

.iridnes uti kudorp itra naka raneb

8002( reltoK turuneM tapad gnay lah aumes halada kudorp ,)662:

,naanuggnep ,isisiuka ,naitahrep kiranem kutnu rasap adapek nakrawatid

a .nahutubek uata nanigniek utaus naksaumem tapad gnay ismusnok uat

gnarab radekes irad hibel pukacnem kudorP - dujuwreb gnay gnarab

kejbo itupilem kudorp ,saul itra malaD.)elbignat( - ,araca ,asaj ,kisif kejbo

.edi ,isasinagro ,tapmet ,gnaro

.a kudorp tubirtA

uneM gnay tubirta aparebeb )453:1002( gnortsmrA & reltoK tur

:halada )kudorp tubirta kitsiretkarak( kudorp ipakgnelem nad iatreynem

)1 ( kereM gnidnarb )

( kereM dnarb uata ,lobmis ,adnat ,halitsi ,aman halada )

,nagnacnar gnay ini aumes irad isanibmok uata

kutnu nakduskamid uata utas irad asaj uata kudorp isakifitnedignem

nad laujnep kopmolek .gniasep kudorp irad aynnakadebmem

nakapurem kerem nairebmeP .kudorp igetarts malad kokop halasam

m uti kerem nairebmeP nad laha taubmem tapad atres ,utkaw nakamem

.lagag uata lisahreb uti kudorp habmanem tapad kiab gnay kerem amaN


01

adap raseb gnay nalisahrebek kudorp ,gnortsmrA & reltoK(

063:1002 )

)2 ( nasamegneP gnikcap )

nasamegneP ( gnikcap gnacnarem nataigek halada )

taubmem nad .kudorp utaus sukgnubmep uata hadaw

)3 ( kudorP satilauK ytilauQ tcudorP )

( kudorP satilauK ytilauQ tcudorP utaus naupmamek halada )

kudorp nahat ayad ,itupilem aynisgnuf nakanaskalem kutnu

,naladnaek atres ,nakiabrep nad isarepo nahadumek natapetek

ialinreb tubirta kudorp satilauk naktakgninem kutnU .aynnial

tapad naahasurep margorp nakparenem ” tnemejanaM ytilauQ latoT

nialeS .")MQT( kokop naujut ,kudorp nakasurek ignarugnem

halada latot satilauk .naggnalep ialin naktakgninem kutnu

.5 satilauK

.a satilauk naitregneP

naktakgninem kutnu icnuk ,nagnagadrep iasilabolg are malaD

gnarab naklisahgnem upmam gnay naahasurep utaus gnias ayad a uat

nagniasrep nakgnanemem tapad gnay ainud salek satilaukreb gnay asaj

.labolg

satilauk awhab nakataynem mailliW satilauk rakap turuneM

nad namagaresek irad iskiderpid tapad gnay takgnit utaus nakapurem

ned iauses nad hadner gnay ayaib adap nagnutnagretek .rasap nag

.b kudorp satilauk naitregneP


11

aggnihes magareb tagnas iridnes uti kudorp satilauk isinifeD

isinifed ada kadit numan ,lasrevinu araces amiretid tapad gnay satilauk

kokop tapadret ,ada gnay isinifed aparebeb irad - tapad gnay kokop

jnem kutnu nakanugid : utiay ,tubesret kudorp satilauk pesnok naksale

.”rasap gninoitisop anaras utas halas halada kudorP satilauK“

nemusnok naparah nakdujuwem kutnu ahasu itupilem satilauK

naka kudorp satilauk nad. nanayalep ,iridnes uti kudorp pukacnem

.nagnukgnil nad sesorp tabilret gnay aisunam nakirebid gnay

.6 agraH

kudorp utaus sata nakhigatid gnay gnau halmujes halada agraH

kutnu naggnalep arap nakrakutid gnay ialin irad halmuj uata ,asaj nad

nad kudorp utaus nakanuggnem uata ikilimem irad taafnam helorepmem

aj 8002,gnortsmA yraG nad reltoK(as .)543:

,onotpijT turuneM naruku uata retenom nautas halada agrah

kah helorepmem raga nakrakutid gnay )asaj nad gnarab kusamret( aynnial

nep uata nakilimepek .asaj uata gnarab utaus naanugg

.7 kereM

aman“ halada kerem nakatagnem mawa takaraysam aynmumu adaP

kerem aman lahadap ,”kerem .kerem irad licek naigabes aynah

uruneM 8002,gnortsmA yraG nad reltoK( t da kerem ,)575: hala

abmal ,adnat ,halitsi ,aman ini aumes irad isanibmok uata ,niased uata ,gn

uata laujnep utas irad asaj uata kudorp satitnedi nakidajnem gnay

m nad laujnep kopmolekes .gniasep kudorp irad uti kudorp nakadebme


21

gnay lobmis uata aman halada gnagad kerem uata kereM

golokisp itra naklubminem nad asaj uata kudorp nagned nakisaisosaid si

)aidepikiW( isaisosa uata .

,kram edart ,ogol ,aman naanuggnep halada kerem aynitni adaP

naahasurep nakadebmem kutnu nagols atres – udividni nagned naahasurep -

eP .nakrawat akerem gnay apa lah malad nial amas utas udividni n naanugg

areges tubesret kerem taubmem ogol uata ,lobmis ,kerem utaus netsisnok

alages aggnihes nemusnok helo ilanekid tapad natiakreb gnay utauses

.)32:9002,nawainruK( tagniid patet aynnagned

.B uluhadreT naitileneP

.1 idutS naggnaleP satilayoL padahreT asaJ satilauK huragneP sisilanA

atanaS satisrevinU .nawayteS otniR( ojraotuK id malA rebmuS .OP susaK

)6002 ,amrahD

d ini naitileneP id isakolreb gnay ojraotuK malA rebmuS.OP id nakukali

da ini naitilenep naujuT.ojraotuK 461 .oN orogenopiD.P nalaJ a kutnu hal

etaroproC ,ytilauQ lanoitcnuF ,ytilauQ lacinhcet hakapa iuhategnem

ggnalep satilayol padahret fitisop gnay huragnep iaynupmem egamI na

gnukudnem gnilap gnay asaj tubirta kopmolekes iuhategnem kutnu atres

.naggnalep satilayol aynatpicret

nagned utiay atad nalupmugnep kutnu nakanugid gnay naitilenep edoteM

gnay atad sisilana nakgnadeS.renoisiuk nad isatnemukod ,aracnawaw

halada nakanugid .adnagreb reinil iserger sisilana


31

nad fitisop gnay huragnep aynada halada helorepid gnay nalupmiseK

etaroproC ,ytilauQ lanoitcnuF ,ytilauQ lacinhceT elbairav irad nakifingis

amasreb araces egamI - nakgnadeS .naggnalep satilayol padahret amas

ubirta kopmolek halada naggnalep satilayol gnukudnem gnilap gnay t

.agrah nad ,utkaw natapetek ,nanayalep irad iridret gnay ytilauQ lacinhceT

.2 neisap satilayol padahret nanayalep satilauk ,isomorp ,agrah huragneP

lE( upelK hisgninitkaB itnaP mumU tikaS hamuR : susak iduts. htebasi

)9002 ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU .hisgninuyhaW ipraH

agrah hakapa )1( :iuhategnem kutnu halada ini naitilenep naujuT

isomorp hakapa )2( ,neisap satilayol padahret fitisop huragnepreb

atilauk hakapa )3( ,neisap satilayol padahret fitisop huragnepreb s

huragneprep nanayalep p ,agrah hakapa )4( ,neisap satilayol padahret fitiso

amasreb araces nanayalep satilauk ,isomorp - fitisop huragnepreb amas

.neisap satilayol padahret

kutnu anahredes reinil iserger sisilana nakanuggnem naitileneP

halasam sisilanagnem sisilana nakanuggnem nad ,agitek iapmas amatrep

.tapmeek halasam sisilanagnem kutnu adnagreb raenil

satilayol padahret agrah huragnep awhab nakkujnunem ini sisilana lisaH

satilayol padahret isomorp huragneP.nakifingis nad fitisop halada neisap

neisap padahret nanayalep satilauk huragneP.nakifingis nad fitisop halada

,isomorp ,agrah huragneP.nakifingis nad fitisop halada neisap satilayol

nad fitisop halada neisap satilayol padahret nanayalep satilauk nad

.nakifingis


41

.C naitileneP akgnareK

: nagnareteK

𝑋1 kudorp satilauK = natlumis huragnep :

𝑋2 kudorp agraH = laisrap huragnep :

𝑋3 kudorp kereM =

Y naggnalep satilayoL =

.D sisetopiH

halasam nasumur padahret aratnemes nabawaj nakapurem sisetopiH

ebek nakitkubid ulrep akam ,aratnemes hisam ayntafis anerak aynnaran

siripme atad iulalem lupmukret gnay .

akam ,ini naitilenep malad ada gnay halasam nasumur nakrasadreB

gnay aratnemes napaggna nakapurem gnay sisetopih nakujagnem silunep

p iagabes isgnufreb : utiay ,naitilenep aynnalaj hadumrepmem kutnu namode

𝑋1

𝑋2 Y

𝑋3


51

H 1a = satilauK huragnepreb laisrap araces kudorp kerem nad ,agrah ,

.naggnalep satilayol padahret

H 10 kadit laisrap araces kudorp kerem nad agrah ,satilauK =

.naggnalep satilayol padahret huragnepreb

H 2a huragnepreb natlumis araces kudorp kerem nad ,agrah ,satilauK =

.naggnalep satilayol padahret

H 20 = natlumis araces kudorp kerem nad ,agrah ,satilauK kadit

.naggnalep satilayol padahret huragnepreb


61

II BAB I

EDOTEM NAITILENEP

.A naitileneP sineJ

( susak iduts naitilenep halada nakukal silunep gnay naitilenep sineJ esac

yduts adaek utaus nakrabmagggnem utiay ) utaus nakpakgnugnem uata na

sam .aynranebes gnay naadaek nagned iauses hala malaD gnay naitilenep

apureb nakukalid .TP maoF laicaF s’dnoP naggnalep adap susak iduts

.revelinU

.B naitileneP kejbO nad naitileneP kejbuS

halada ini naitilenep kejbuS amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham

.revelinU .TP maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorp iakamem gnayatrakaygoY

halada ini naitilenep kejbO kudorp kerem nad agrah ,satilauk huragnep

.naggnalep satilayol padahret revelinU .TP maoF laicaf s’dnoP

.C naitileneP isakoL nad utkaW

.1 naitilenep utkaW

rebmevoN naluB – 2102 rebmeseD

.2 naitilenep isakoL

aynsusuhk nacirM amrahD atanaS satisrevinU supmaK s’dnoP naggnalep

.revelinU .TP maof laicaF

.D naitileneP lebairaV

.1 sabeb lebairaV


71

idajnem gnay uata ihuragnepmem gnay lebairav halada sabeb lebairaV

.)33:9991,onoyiguS( takiret elbairav aynlubmit uata nahaburep babes

: halada ini naitilenep irad sabeb lebairaV

.a kudorp satilauK

.b kudorp agraH

.c kudorp kereM

.2 takiret lebairaV

tabika idajnem uata ihuragnepid gnay lebairav halada takiret lebairaV

.)33:9991,onoyiguS( sabeb lebairav aynada anerak

.naggnalep satilayol halada ini naitilenep malad takiret lebairaV

.E O isinifeD lanoisarep

.1 naggnalep satilayoL

nakanuggnem nad ilebmem patet araces gnay naggnalep utiaY

.maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorp satilayol lebairav padahret narukugneP

araces gnalureb nailebmep nakukalem :rotakidni iulalem naggnalep

nad ,nial gnaro adapek nakisnereferem ,kudorp inilratna ilebmem ,rutaret

.gniasep nakirat padahret nalabekek nakkujnunem

.2 kudorp satilauK

ialinep utiaY adap ada gnay naluggnuek padahret nemusnok na

kisif nad kudorp naladnaek ,kudorp nahat ayad ianegnem aynlasim kudorp

.kiranem nad kiab gnay kudorp


81

.3 kudorp agraH

uata ,asaj nad kudorp utaus sata nakhigatid gnay gnau halmujeS

nakrakutid gnay ialin irad halmuj helorepmem kutnu naggnalep arap

aj nad kudorp utaus nakanuggnem uata ikilimem irad taafnam reltoK(as

8002,gnortsmA yraG nad .)543:

gnatnet nial aratna agrah lebairav padahret narukugnep rotakidnI

rah nauakgnajretek ,natapadnep nagned kudorp agrah naiausesek ag

.kudorp helo nakirebid gnay satilauk nagned agrah naiausesek ,kudorp

.4 kudorp kereM

isanibmok uata ,niased uata ,gnabmal ,adnat ,halitsi ,aman utiaY

utas irad asaj uata kudorp satitnedi nakidajnem gnay ini aumes irad

em nad laujnep kopmolekes uata laujnep kudorp irad uti kudorp nakadebm

niasep 8002,gnortsmA yraG nad reltoK( g .)575:

nial aratna kerem lebairav padahret narukugnep rotakidnI gnatnet

halet gnay naggnalep naasarep nad kerem gnatnet naggnalep napaggnat

.tubesret maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorp nakanuggnem

.F lepmaS nad isalupoP

.1 isalupoP

kejbus/kejbo sata iridret gnay isasilareneg hayaliw halada isalupoP

karak nad satilauk iaynupmem gnay helo nakpatetid gnay utnetret kitsiret

,onoiguS( .aynnalupmisek kiratid naidumek nad irajalepid kutnu itilenep

halada ini naitilenep malad isalupoP )511:8002 satisrevinU awsisaham

.maoF laicaF s’dnoP nakanuggnem gnay nacirM amrahD atanaS


91

.2 lepmaS

lada lepmaS ikilimid gnay kitsiretkarak nad halmuj irad naigab ha

nikgnum kadit itilenep ,rasseb isalupop halmuj aliB ,isalupop helo

halada ini naitilenep lepmaS.isalupop adap ada gnay aumes irajalepmem

s’dnoP nemusnok idajnem gnay amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham

.maoF laicaF .lepmas 001 libmagnem silunep ini naitilenep malaD

.G lepmaS nalibmagneP kinkeT

ytilaborp non adap ucagnem nakanugid gnay lepmas nalibmagnep kinkeT

kinket nakanuggnem nagned gnilpmas gnilpmas latnedicca utiay , kinket

aynah lepmas nalibmagnep udividni adapek - nalutebek araces gnay udividni

.iapmujid uata iumetid

.H ataD rebmuS

.1 remirP ataD

kiab ,amatrep rebmus irad tapadid gnay atad halada remirp ataD

lisah uata aracnawaw irad lisah itrepes nagnarorep nupuam udividni

asaib gnay renoiseuk naisignep ukalid silunep helo nak gnay ataD.

atad nial aratna ini naitilenep malad nakulrepid irad helorepid gnay

laicaF s’dnoP kudorp anuggnep nemusnok napaggnat gnatnet nednopser

.maoF laicaF s’dnoP kerem nad ,agrah ,satilauk padahret maoF

.2 rednukeS ataD

net ataD at revelinU .TP maoF laicaf s’dnoP naahasurep narabmag gn

amatrep kahip helo nakisakilbupid hadus gnay atad halada rednukes ataD.

am ,lanruj ,naahasurep iulalem nial nad ,halaj - .nial


02

.I ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

.1 aracnawaW

isamrofni( atad helorepmem arac utas halaS nakujagnem nagned

naaynatrep - nagned isamrofni naktapadnem kutnu )nasil araces naaynatrep

maoF laicaF s’dnoP naggnalep awsisaham nagned gnusgnal bawaj aynatreb

.revelinU .TP

.2 renoiseuK

ini naitilenep malad gnitnep tagnas gnay kinket nakapurem ini edoteM

rak s’dnoP naggnalep arap irad tapadid nigni gnay atad nagned naanekreb ane

.revelinU .TP maoF laicaF

.3 isavresbO

arac nagned atad nalupmugnep kinket nakapurem isavresbO

halada aynnaujuT .itiletid gnay kejbo adap gnusgnal araces natamagnep

gnay atad naktapadnem .naitilenep kejbus nagned natiakreb

.J nemurtsnI naijugneP kinkeT

.1 satidilaV ijU

takgnit takgnit nakkujnunem gnay naruku utaus halada satidilaV

tala utaus halada satidilav ijU.nemurtsni utaus nahihasek uata nadilavek

atapetek anam huajes nakkujnunem gnay ruku tala utaus natamrecek nad n

.aynruku isgnuf nakukalem malad ruku

kutnu nakanugid tapad alibapa dilav nakatakid tnemurtsni utauS

halada nakanugid gnay sumuR .rukuid aynsurahes gnay apa rukugnem


12

2222 yyNxxN

yxyxNr yx

orP isaleroK sumur nagned lanekid gnay nosraeP nakakumekid gnay tcud

.)901:3002,onoyiguS( tnemom

: nagnareteK

r yx meti/naaynatrep paites isalerok isneisefeoK :

x meti/ naaynatrep paites irad ialin/rokS :

y meti/naaynatrep paites irad latot rokS :

N : nednopser uata elpmas aynkaynaB

nad fitisop aynisalerok ialin alibapa dilav nakataynid renoiseuK

r gnutih r > lebat .%5 nakifingis farat malad

.2 satilibaileR ijU

ritub naidumek ,satidilav iju nakukalid haleteS - ijuid dilav gnay ritub

kutnu aynsatilibailer tapad narukugnep lisah anam huajes iuhategnem

.hcabnorC ahplA sumur nakanugid satilibailer ijugnem kutnU.ayacrepid

: hcabnorC ahplA sumuR

nagnareteK :

r 11 nemurtsni satilibaileR :

k laos aynkaynab uata naaynatrep ritub aynkaynaB :

∑ 𝝈𝟐𝒃 halmuJ : ritub nairav


22

σ2t latot nairaV :

roks nakisalerokgnem arac nagned gnutih id ini satilibailer ijU

nakgnidnabid aynlisah naidumek nial gnay meti roks nagned utas meti

( % 5 nakifingis takgnit adap sitirk ialin nagned α neisifeok akiJ .)50,0 =

hibel isalerok lebailer nakatakid akam ,sitirk ialin irad raseb ,aynkilabeS.

akij hibel isalerok neisifeok licek nakatakid akam ,sitirk ialin irad kadit

lebailer .

.K ataD sisilanA kinkeT

.1 kisalk ismusa ijU

.a satireinilokitluM kisalK ismusA ijU

hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreB iserger ledom adap

gnay iserger ledoM .sabeb lebairav aratna isalerok ada nakumetid

numan ,sabeb lebairav aratna isalerok aynada nakumetid kadit kiab

ialin utay lanogohro kadit tubesret iserger ledom akam idajret akij

aratna lon nagned amas kadit isalerok ijU .aynsabeb lebairav

skirtam nagned nakukalid naitilenep adap satiraenilokitlum

nakukalid satiraenilokitlum alajeg aynkadit ada naijugneP.isalerok

n nakitahrepmem naged i adap naklisahid gnay isalerok skirtam ial

( FIV ialin atres atad nahalognep taas airaV rotcaF noitalfnI ecn nad )

ecnareloT - hibel gnay ada kadit isalerok skirtam ialin alibapA .ayn

sisilanaid naka gnay atad nakatakid tapad akam 5,0 irad raseb

FIV ialin alibapa naidumeK .satiraenilokitlum alajeg irad sapelret


32

ialin nad 01 hawabd adareb nareloT ec ednem k 1 ita , libmaid akam

melborp tapadret kadit tubesret iserger ledom awhab nalupmisek

.)19 :6002 ,ilazohG( satiraenilokitlum

.b satisitsadeksoreteH kisalK ismusA ijU

iserger ledom malad id hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreB

irad nairav naamaskaditek idajret nagned natamagnep utas laudiser

aynnial gnay nagned utas laudiser irad lebairav akiJ.aynnial gnay

halada isketednem kutnu araC .satisitsadekomoh tubesid akam patet

takiret lebairav iskiderp ialin aratna tolp kifarg tahilem arac nagned

udiser nagned )DERPZ( alop aynkadit ada isketeD .)DISERS( aynla

anamid ,DERPZ nad DISERS arata tolpretacs kifarg adap utnetret

aynlaudiser halada X ubmus nad iskiderpid halet gnay Y ubmus

iskiderpY( – aynasilana ,isasiradnatsid halet gnay )aynhuggnusesY

: halada

)1 t alop ada akiJ kitit itrepes utnetre - kutnebmem ada gnay kitit

,rabelem ,gnabmolegreb( rutaret gnay utnetret alop

idajret halet nakisakidiid akam )tipmeynem naidumek

.satisitsadekoreteh

)2 kitit atres salej gnay alop ada kadit akiJ - id rabeynem kitit

n akgna hawab id nad sata kadit akam ,Y ubmus adap lo

.satisitsadekoreteh idajret


42

.c satilamroN ijU

malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb atad satilamron ijU

,ilazoG( lamron isubirtsid ikilimem laudiser lebairav ,iserger ledom

.)011 :6002 atad hakapa ijugnem kutnU - naklupmukid gnay atad

edotem nagned nakukalid tapad kadit uata lamron isubirtsidreb

: tukireb iagabes

)1 kifarG edoteM

tahilem nagned halada ladnah gnay kifarg edoteM lamron

tolp ytilibaborp fitalumok isubirtsid nakgnidnabmem gnay

d isubirtsiD .)011 :6002 ,ilazohG( lamron isubirtsid ira

nad ,lanogaid surul sirag utas kutnebmem naka lamron

sirag nagned nakgnidnabid naka laudiser atad gnitolp

akam ,lanogaid sirag ratikes id rabeynem atad akiJ .lanogaid

amron ismusa ihunmem iserger ledom akiJ.satil

sirag itukignem uata lanogaid irad huaj rabeynematad

ismusa ihunemem kadit iserger ledom akam ,lanogaid

.satilamron

)2 kitsitatS edoteM

ijugnem kutnu nakanugid gnires gnay anahredes kitsitats ijU

iju nakanuggnem nagned halada satilamron ismusa

mron naijugnep edoteM.vonrimS vorogomloK irad satila

tahilem nagned nakukalid atad isubirtsid aynkadit lamron


52

irad raseb hibel nakifingis akiJ.lebairav isnakifingis ialin

.lamron atad isubirtsid nakkujnunem akam %5 ahpla

.2 : adnagreB raeniL isergeR sisilanA

einil araces nagnubuh halada adnagreb raenil iserger sisilanA r

lebairav hibel uata aud aratna dnepedni nagned )nX..…,2X,1X( ne

lebairav .)Y( nedneped

= Y 𝑎 + 𝑏1𝑋1 + 𝑏2𝑋2+𝑏3𝑋3

: nagnareteK

Y naggnalep satilayoL =

a atnatsnoK =

𝑏1 epolS = gnay lebairav nagned nagnubuhreb 1X

𝑏2 epolS = lebairav nagned nagnubuhreb gnay 2X

𝑏3 epolS = lebairav nagned nagnubuhreb gnay 3X

𝑋1 kudorp satilauk rokS =

𝑋2 kudorp agrah rokS =

𝑋3 kudorp kerem rokS =

.3 K adnag isalerok naisifeo

: sumuR

𝑅𝑦(1,2,3) =𝑎1∑𝑋1𝑌 + 𝑎2∑𝑋2𝑌 + 𝑎3 ∑𝑋3𝑌

∑𝑌2


62

: nagnareteK

𝑅𝑦(1,2,3) k = lebairav aratna isalerok neisifeo Y nad 3X,2X,1X

𝑎1 1X rotciderp neisifeok =



∑𝑋1 naggnalep satilayol nagned kudorp satilauk aratna isalerok =

∑𝑋2 atilayol nagned kudorp agrah aratna isalerok = s naggnalep

∑𝑋3𝑌 naggnalep satilayol nagned kudorp kerem aratna isalerok =

.4 F ijU

bat F nakgnidabmem nagneD el 50,0 = α isnakifingis farat adap

n = tubeynep bd nad k = gnalibmep bd nagned -k- nakanugid ini laH .1

.nakifingis tubesret isalerok neisifeok hakapa iuhategnem kutnu

: sumuR

𝐹ℎ 𝑔𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑖 = 𝑅2 (𝑛−𝑘−1)(1−𝑅2)𝑘

; nagnareteK

iracid gnay iserger sirag F agrah = gnutih F

aynab = n nednopser aynk

adnagreb isalerok isanimreted neisifeok = R

sabeb lebairav halmuj = K

gnutih F akij nad ,amiretid sisetopih akam lebat F > gnutih F akiJ F ≤

.kalotid sisetopih akam lebat


72

.5 t ijU

t- nakifingis farat adap lebat α agned 50,0 = n = bd n -2

: sumuR

𝑡ℎ 𝑔𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑖 = 𝑟 �𝑛 − 21 − 𝑟

t ialin = 𝑡ℎ 𝑔𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑖 isalerok nakifingis set uata

r lisah isalerok neisifeok = 𝑡ℎ 𝑔𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑖

n nednopser halmuj =

gnutih t akij lebat t > gnutih t akij naD .kalotid sisetopih akam lebat t ≤

d sisetopih akam .amireti


82

VI BAB

NAAHASUREP MUMU NARABMAG

.A kbT aisenodnI revelinU TPmumU narabmaG

.1 takgnis harajeS

U TP 5 adap nakiridid )naahasurep( kbT aisenodnI revelin

33 .oN atka nagned ,retnaveL .V.N nekeirbafpeeZ iagabes 3391 rebmeseD

lo taubid gnay ini atkA .aivataB id siraton ,nesjiuhpO naV H.A nT he

iujutesid hcsdnalregeN naV laredneJ runrebuG helo - tarus nagned eidnI

seD 61 adap 41 .oN J malad nakmumuid nad 3391 rebme tnaruoC ehcsava

atka nagneD .3 .oN nahabmat 4391 iraunaJ 9 adap 1 .oN taubid gnay 7

M initraK .yN siraton helo J 22 adap idaylu u naahasurep aman ,0891 il

aman ,7991 inuJ 03 laggnaT .aisenodnI revelinU TP idajnem habuid

.oN atka nagned ,kbT aisenodnI revelinU TP idajnem habuid naahasurep

aH rifoduM .nT siratonhelotaubid gnay 29 helo iujutesid ini atkA .H.S ,id

2C .oN nasutupek nagned namikaheK iretneM - .89.HT40.10.TH940.1

0262 .oNarageN atireB id nakmumuid nad 8991 iraurbeF 32 laggnaT

.93 oN nahabmat 8991 ieM 51 laggnat

,nejreted ,nubas iskudorp gnadib malad karegreb naahasureP

am ,mirk se ,usus irad taubret gnay nanakam nad ,ruyas kaynim ,eniragr

kudorp nad ,het irad namunim nad nagnir nanakam - .kitemsok kudorp

ijutesid anamiagabeS adap naahasureP nanuhaT mumU tapaR malad

02 inuJ 31 laggnat iraton atka nakgnautid gnay ,00 bid 28 .oN s helo tau


92

aguj naahasurep ,0002 inuJ 41 laggnatret HS olisuS higgniS seiraton

asaj rebmem nad amatu rotubirtsid iagabes kadnitreb - naitilenep asaj

gnadnureP nad mukmuH iretneM helo iujutesid ini atkA .narasamep -

asutupek nagned nagnadnu C.oN n - 40.10.TH28481 - HT P .0002. naahasure

.3991nuhat adap aynlaisremok isarepo ialumem

nad atrakaJ id katelret kbT aisenodnI revelinU TP tasup rotnaK

kudorP.ayabaruS nad gnarakiC id katelret aynkirbap - adareb gnay kudorp

,exA nial aratna kbT aisenodnI revelinU TP nagnuan hawab id paceK

,s’dnoP ,tnedospeP ,xuL ,youbefiL ,raelC ,artiC ,dnaB eulB ,ognaB

s’llaW nad ,oraT ,klisnuS ,ignawiraS ,ocyoR ,osniR ,anoxeR

( di.oc.revelinu.www .)

.2 naujuT

kutnu ,awhab naktubeynem kbT aisenodnI revelinu TP lisahreb

nawayrak paites padahret naahasurep akite iggnitret radnats“ nakulrepid

tapmet nagnukgnil nad ,ratikes takaraysam ,naahasurep id ajrekeb gnay

t idajnem gnay tukireB .”ahasu nataigek nakukalem naahasurep TP nauju

: kbT aisenodnI revelinU

.a ekeb ulaleS satirgetni rasad sata ajr

sadreb ahasu nataigek nakukalem naahasureP a nad satirgetni nakr

naahasurep tapmet nagnukgnil ,naahasurep ,gnaro paites itamrohgnem

bawaj gnuggnat idajnem gnay amatu rotkaf nakapurem isareporeb

.naahasurep


03

.b fitisop kapmaD

,kudorp iulalem arac iagabreb nagned fitisop kapmad nakirebmeM

nial arac magareb nad ,alerakus nautnab ,again nagnubuh ,nataigek

.takaraysam naktabilem gnay

.c gnubmanis nemtimoK

naahasurep arac ikiabrepmem suret kutnu nemtimokreb naahasureP

kapmad alolegnem naujut iapacnem kutnu ajrekeb nad nagnukgnil

nasawawrem gay ahasu nakgnabmegnem malad gnajnap akgnaj

.nagnukgnil

.d naahasurep isaripsa nakpateneM

gnay ahasu sasa naruta helo gnukudid ini laH m radnats nakiarugne

evelinU nawayrak paites helo itaatid gnay ahasu akerem nupanamid ,r

natakednep gnukudnem aguj tubesret narutA.ainud hurules id adareb

.naahasurep nasawagnep bawaj gnuggnat padahret naahasurep

.e nial gnaro nagned ajrekeB

ikilimem gnay kosamep nagned amas ajrekeb aidesreb naahasureP

as gnay ajrek ialin m es a radnats nagned ajrekeb nad naahasurep itep

ahasu artim ahasu akitE .nakukal naahasurep gnay itrepes amas gnay

irad iridret naahasurep ahasu akite sasa nagned nalajes naahasurep

ahasu bawaj gnuggnat nad satirgetni pukacnem gnay sasa hulupes

ned tiakret gnay .nagnukgnil nad ,nemusok ,nawayrak arap nag


13

.3 isiV

u nahilip idajnem halada kbT aisenodnI revelinU isiV t ,nemusok igab ama

remotsuc .takaraysam nad naggnalep /

.4 isiM

nagned utiay ,napudihek malad satilativ habmanem halada revelinU isiM

tun nahutubek ihunemem irahes idabirp natawarep nad nahisrebek ,isir - irah

kudorp nagned - kiab nalipmanepreb ,namayn nemusnok arap gnay kudorp

.pudih itamkinem hibel nad

.5 naahasureP ialiN

ialin ikilimem kbT aisenodnI revelinU TP - aggnab naahasurep nad ialin

ialin padahret - ialin irahes napudihek malad aynnaknalajnem nad tubesret -

ialiN .irah - halada duskamid gnay ialin

.a takaraysam nad nemusnok ,naggnalep adapek sukoF

.b amasajreK

.c satirgetnI

.d idajret utauses taubmeM

.e naaribmegek igabreB

.f ecnellexe

.B kudorP mumU narabmaG

d ilak amatrep s'dnoP taas ,6481 nuhat naklanekrepi norehT reketopa

nakgnabmegnem dnoP .T stcartxE s'dnoP sisabreb kudorp haubes , hctiw

lezah . nakitnacek malad itajes isulover ujunem lawa hakgnal halada inI

.atinaw nikames nakitnacek rotavoni iagabes s’dnoP narep ,4191 nuhat adaP


23

aynnakumetid nagned gnabmekreb maerC dloC s'dnoP gnay kudorp haubes ,

s’dnoP ,0591 nuhat kajeS .ainud id atinaw kokop naigab idajnem naidumek

s ,’irah 7 malad nakitnaceK anacneR‘ naklanegnem suret gnay ijnaj haube

.gnarakes aggnih s'dnoP helo gnagepid

,8002 nuhat adaP s'dnoP nakatpicnem etutitsnI

ilabmek iagabreb kudorp s’dnoP kutnu ,naupmerep nahutubek ihunemem

.malad nupuam raul kiab ilabmek rihalret ainud nakitnacek noki haubeS

gnar nagned inik s’dnoP.renoisulover gnay urab kudorp naiak

nakaideynem kutnu isulos ,tiluk sinej aumes kat gnay alumrof nagned

,ignidnatret nad ,tubmel gnay ignaw .kiranem gnay nasamek

gnay nredom atinaw irad iskelfer haubes nakapurem s'dnoP isulovE

hab ,irid ayacrep s'dnoP ,utkaw nagned nalajes naD.simanid nad aiga

irad ialumiD .napahat alages id atinaw kutnu nakitnacek kudorp nakaideynem

kisalk kudorp maerC dloC irahes halasam aumes tabo iagabes - s'dnoP ,irah

( kayniM lortnogneP itrepes kudorp magareb nakrawanem inik O lortnoC li )

tiluk harecneP ;aynadum asam id atinaw arap igab tawarej kutnu isulos nad

,itajes atnic iracnep arap kutnu nay kudorp magareb alup utigeb g

kiabret igolonket nakaideynem arap igab itkubret halet gnay naaunep itna

es nakajamerem nigni gnay atinaw .hariag ilabmek nakalaynem nad tagnam

s'dnoP ,licek muirotarobal haubes id gnaro utas irad aynah lawareB

naitilenep satilisaf nagned raseb muirotarobal idajnem halet gnarakes etutitsnI

amales aragen 85 iulalem halet ualaW .higgnac gnay nagnabmegnep nad bel hi

isim ,nuhat 051 irad nakitnacek isamrofsnart nakirebmem utiay amas patet


33

adap atayn naadebrep taubmem gnay ,renoisulover kudorp isavoni iulalem

pudih inalajnem akerem arac nad naupmerep tiluk

(akerem www//:ptth moc.etutitsnisdnop. .)

.1 s’dnoP kitemsok alumrof gnatnet egdelwonk niks halitsi iagabreB

AHA

raul naigab nagned areges kefe nakirebmem gnay nadiskoitna nahaB

les nahanem gnay nataki hamelrepmem ,tiluk nasipal - itam tiluk les .

eniotnallA

gnay fitkaoib nahaB id sigolotamreD isaisosA helo iukaid halet

kutnu nakanugid asaib nad tiluk gnudnilep iagabes akiremA

tiluk nad tecel irtepes nagnir akul irad tiluk nakhubeynem utnabmem

irahatam ranis anerak rakabret .

areV eolA

tnabmem fitkefe gnay imala nahaB .ayaub hadiL sesorp u

kutnu gnadaritna taafnam ikilimem anerak ,tiluk nahubmeynep

.tawarej adon nakramaynem nad naklaminimem

hsimelB

kapmad nakapurem gnay ,hajaw tiluk naakumrep id kitit apureb adoN

isatnemgiprepih .

retemamorhC nikS

tiluk anraw naharecek rukugnep talA .


43

4ALC

nahab irad isanibmok haladA - gnilap gnay gniga itna fitka nahab

gnudnakret gnay retsooB loniteR+loniteR+AHA+ALC :utiay fitkefe

iagabes itkubret gnaY .urab elcarim ega s'dnoP naiakgnar adap

.lamitpo hibel lisah nakirebmem gnay gniga itna igolonket

oC negall

id nagniraj takignem isgnufreb gnay ,tares kutnebreb nietorp sinejeS

igal kadit tiluk taubmem gnurednec negalok nagnarukeK.tiluk hawab

.laynek

simreD

iagabes isgnufreb ini nasipaL .tiluk malad nasipal nial amaN

negalloc helo ihunepid gnay ,gnudnilep gnay niroced nad sitsale ,

m .kitsale nad gnacnek tiluk taubme

simredipE

huragnep helo rapapret gnusgnaL.raul gnilap gnay tiluk nasipaL

aynnatahesek tawarid kutnu gnitnep tagnas aggnihes ,hubut lanretske .

leG

aynemulov gnay nakitnacek natawarep kudorp sineJ nad tadap hibel

mirk nakgnidnabid laynek hibel .

isatnemgeprepiH

kadit( nahibelreb gnay tiluk hawab id nemgip nakutnebmep sesorP

adon nakbabeynem aggnihes )lamron - taubmem nad ,natalekocek adon

.atarem kadit hajaw tiluk anraw


53

maerc gninethgiL

mirk sineJ anraw nakharecnem kutnu isgnufreb gnay tiluk natawarep

.hajaw tiluk

enepocyL

isgnufreb ,tiluk hawab id nakumetid gnay imala nadiskoitna sineJ

nad anorem harec hibel kapmat tiluk agajnem utnabmem

haub malad gnudnakret nakumetid aguj enepocyL.ranisreb - nahaub

.ruggna atres ,ijib ubmaj ,akgnames ,tamot ;itrepes ,harem anrawreb

naknurunem upmam nahibelreb gnay irahatam ranis nasapap numaN

.atik tiluk hawab id enepocyL radak

reksaM

nakisakilpaid gnay ,leg uata mirk apureb ,tiluk natawarep kudorp sineJ

hurules ek naidumek mulebes ,taas aparebeb amales hajaw

natawarep iagabes nakukalid reksam aynmumU .nakhisrebid

.hajaw nakhisrebmem lautir sesorp niales ,nitur gnay nahabmat

ninaleM

ninalem natakepeK.nemgip malad gnudnakret gnay anrawep taZ

eg nakutnenem nemgip malad .gnaroeses tiluk ayngnaret uata pal

noisarbamedorciM

nolas nad retnec eracniks id nakukalid mumu gnay tiluk natawareP

les sikignem tubmel araces gnay lanoiseforp - kutnu itam tiluk les

sirag nad nakapmanep nakramaynem - kelv nad naturek , sulah sirag

nep matih .naau


63

edimicaiN

nad nakumetid ilak amatrep gnay fitka nahaB .3B nimatiV nial amaN

upmam itkubreT.aisA naupmerep kutnu revelinU helo naknetapid

hibel idajnem hajaw aggnihes tiluk hawab id ninalem les icnugnem

.harec

metsys citpO

oP kudorp malad susuhk nahaB dn ’ kefe nakirebmem tapad gnay s

.atarem araces harec hibel kapmat tiluk raga gnusgnal

3B nimativorP

id ninalem icnugnem upmam itkubret gnay hajaw harecnep nahaB

.harec hibel idajnem hajaw tiluk aggnihes tiluk hawab

loniteR

purem nad kiabret gnigaitna nahaB A nimativ kutneb utas halas naka

nakanugid gnay loniteR .imala araces tiluk id nakumetid gnay

nad ,malad hibel gnay tiluk nasipal ek kusam naka tiluk naakumrepid

les nahubmutrep gnasgnarem - isalumitsnem aguj ,urab tiluk les

.negalloc iskudorp

dicA cilycilaS

akubmem ,tiluk nakhisrebmem utnabmem tapad gnay fitka nahaB

irop - nad hitup odemok aynidajret nakenem ,tabmusret gnay irop

gnay adon nakradumem aggnihes isatiri naklaminimem ,matih

.tawarej helo nakbabesid


73

burcS

ritub gnudnagnem gnay tiluk hisrebmep sineJ na - naritub

les ,narotok takgnagnem fitkefe gnay iretam iagabes isgnufreB.sulah

.hajaw id harad isalukris gnasgnarem nad ,itam tiluk

mubeS

rajnelek( suoecabes rajnelek helo naklisahid gnay kaynimreb iretaM

.tiluk hawab id )kaynim FPS ( rotcaF noitcetorP nuS ). gnay alakS

padahret tiluk nakhutubid gnay nagnudnilrep takgnit nakutnenem

.teloiv artlu ranis narapap

renoT

nakhisrebid haletes hajaw adap nakanugid gnay rageynep nariaC

.hisrebmep )nariac( usus nagned

T- enoZ

kutnebmem ;hajaw naigab adap ,kaynimreb gnurednec gnay tiluk aerA

furuh T .gnudih nad ihaD :utiay

maerc eye rednU

nalipmat nakramaynem utnabmem kutnu atam hawab kutnu mirK

.paleg narakgnil nad atam gnutnak

AVU

iapacnem tapad gnay VU ranis rusnu utas halaS simred nasipal

malad tiluk naaunep nakbabeynem tapad gnay )tiluk malad nasipal(

.tupirek nad isatnemgiprepih ,gnajnap akgnaj


83

BVU

simredipe adap huragnepreb aynah gnay VU ranis rusnu utas halaS

harem idajnem tiluk nakbabeynem gnay )tiluk irad raul naigab( nad

.irahatam ranis anerak rakabret

E nimatiV

utnabmem atres tiluk ignudnilem upmam gnay fitka nagnudnaK

.hajaw tiluk adap tawarej sakeb nad matih adon nakramaynem

.2 macaM - maof laicaf s’dnoP kudorp macam

)a etihw eruP s’dnoP

)1 namalagneP

araces nakisrebmeM tiluk kutnu maladnem nad huruleynem

.ranisreb nad anorem hitup hibel kapmat

)2 ajrek araC

nagneD nobrac detavitca takgnagnem nad pareynem naka gnay

kapmat tiluk aggnihes malad irop ek iapmas tiluk irad narotok

.harec hibel

)3 kudorp kutneB

1.4 rabmaG etihw eruP s’dnoP


93

)b itnA snoituloS raelC s’dnoP - burcS laicaF lairetcaB

)1 namalagneP

nagneD dica cilycylaS hibel gnay tiluk kutnu sulah naritub nad

.atayn araces hisreb

)2 ajrek araC

nad ,kaynim ,narotok takgnagnem tubmel nagned aynsulah narituB

irop irad pu ekam - nad ,irop cilycylaS irop raga utnabmem dica -

.tawareJ aynlubmit hagecnem kutnu akubret patet irop

b hibel tahilret tiluk aggniheS haletes paites ranisreb nad hisre icuc

.akum

)3 B kudorp kutne

2.4 rabmaG itnA snoituloS raelC s’dnoP - burcS laicaF lairetcaB


04

)c maoF laicaF gninethgiL ytuaeB etihW s’dnoP

)1 namalagneP

maoF laicaF gninethgiL ™ytuaeB etihW s'dnoP

nad huruleynem araces nakhisrebmem ,harecnep mirk %05 nagned

*masuk gnay tiluk les ignarugnem

muenrok mutarts nasipal iraD*

)2 ajrek araC

orP gnudnagneM - nad namasukek ignarugnem gnay 3B nimatiV

les takgnagnem libmas ,tiluk nakharecnem - .itam tiluk les

)3 kutneB kudorp

3.4 rabmaG maoF laicaF gninethgiL ytuaeB etihW s’dnoP

)d maoF laicaF lortnoC liO ettaM tcefreP s’dnoP

)1 namalagneP

nakilabmegnem kutnu malad ek huaj nakhisrebmeM

.kaynimreb tiluk halasam hagecnem nad tiluk imala nagnabmiesek


14

)2 ajrek araC

narituB - fitkefe nad tubmel araces nakhisrebmem sulah naritub

irop malad irad pu ekam nad narotok ,kaynim takgnagnem kutnu -

itnA ,amas gnay taas adaP .irop - iskudorp lortnognem 5oiB liO

hakgnal kutnu pais nad rages tiluk naklaggninem ,hibelreb kaynim

ntukireb .tiluk natawarep asam anacner malad ay

)3 kudorp kutneB

4.4 rabmaG maoF laicaF lortnoC liO ettaM tcefreP s’dnoP

( moc.etutitsnisdnop.www//:ptth )


24

V BAB

NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA

nednopser adapek renoisiuk nakrabeynem nagned nakukalid naitileneP

halada ini naitilenep irad naujuT .gnaro 001 kaynabes naitilenep lepmas iagabes

satilayol padahret kudorp kerem nad agrah ,satilauk huragnep iuhategnem kutnu

udorp satilauk anamid naggnalep kudorp kerem nad ,)2X( kudorp agrah ,)1X( k

lebairav nakapurem )Y( naggnalep satilayol nad sabeb lebairav nakapurem )3X(

nednopser kitsiretkarak tahilid tapad rabesid gnay renoisiuk nakrasadreB .takiret

.naitilenep atad fitatitnauk sisilana nad

tsiretkaraK naanuggnep amal ,nimalek sinej ,rumu itupilem nednopser ki

iju nad satidilav iju sata iridret fitatitauk sisilanA .natapadnep takgnit nad kudorp

er il iliba t ijU .t iju nad ,F iju ,adnagreb reinil iserger sisilana ,kisalk ismusa iju ,sa

ed nakukalid satidilav isalerok neisifeok ialin nakgnidnabmem nagn tcudorp

)nosraeP( tnemom r padahret latot meti roks aratna lebat kinket aratnemeS .

ahplA s’hcnabnorC .tnemurtsni satilibailer ijugnem kutnu nakanugid

.A nednopseR kitsiretkaraK

satitnedi utiay nednopser kitsiretkaraK laicaF s’dnoP kudorp naggnalep

gnay maoF itupilem ,rumu j ne nimalek si , nad kudorp naanuggnep amal

.natapadnep takgnit

.1 rumU

lebaT adap nakijasid rumu nakrasadreb nednopser kitsiretkarak ispirkseD

1.V


34

1.V lebaT rumU nakasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK

rumU halmuJ esatneserP nuhat 71 4 %4 nuhat 81 22 %22 nuhat 91 91 %91 nuhat 02 23 %23 nuhat 12 8 %8 nuhat 22 9 %9 nuhat 32 5 %5 nuhat 42 1 %1

latoT 001 %001

nednopser awhab nakisakifitnediid tapad sata id 1.V lebat iraD

gnay ,)%4( gnaro 4 halmujreb nuhat 71 aisureb gnay ini naitilenep malad

nuhat 91 rumureb gnay ,)%22( gnaro 22 halmujreb nuhat 81 rumureb

mujreb nuhat 02 rumureb gnay ,)%91( gnaro 91 halmujreb gnaro 23 hal

22 rumureb gnay ,)%8( gnaro 8 halmujreb nuhat 12 rumureb gnay ,)%23(

gnaro 5 halmujreb nuhat 32 rumureb gnay ,)%9( gnaro 9 halmujreb nuhat

nagneD .)%1( gnaro 1 halmujreb nuhat 42 rumureb gnay nad ,)%5(

lenep malad nednopser satiroyam ,naikimed .nuhat 02 aisureb ini naiti

.2 nimalek sineJ

2.V elbaT nimaleK sineJ nakrasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK

nimalek sineJ halmuJ esatneserP ikaL - ikal 01 %01

naupmereP 09 %09 latoT 001 %001


44

halada nednopser satiroyam awhab tahilid tapad ,2.V lebaT iraD

gnaro 09 kaynabes utiay naupmerep o 01 kaynabes aynasis nad )%09( gnar

ikal halada )%01( - .ikal

.3 kudorp naanuggnep amaL 3.V lebaT

kudorP naanuggneP amaL nakrasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK

nednopser awhab nakisakifitnediid tapad sata id 3.V lebaT iraD

1 < maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorp naggnalep idajnem ini naitilenep malad

1 ,)%33( gnaro 33 kaynabes nuhat - 11( gnaro 11 kaynabes nuhat 2 2 ,)% - 3

.)%53( gnaro 53 kaynabes nuhat 3 > nad ,)%12( gnaro 12 kaynabes nuhat

.4 natapadnep takgniT

4.V lebaT natapadneP takgniT nakrasadreB nednopseR kitsiretkaraK

gnaU( natapadneP takgniT)ukaS halmuJ esatneserP

000.005 pR < 04 %04 000.005 pR – pR 999 000. 34 %34 000.000.1 pR - 994.1 pR 000. 21 %21 000.005.1 pR - 000.000.2 pR 4 %4

000.000.2 pR > 1 %1 latoT 001 %001

naanuggnep amaLkudorp halmuJ esatneserP

nuhat 1 < 33 %33 1- nuhat 2 11 %11 2- nuhat 3 12 %12

nuhat 3 > 53 %53 latoT 001 %001


54

satiroyam awhab nakisakifitnediid tapad sata id 4.V lebat iraD

rasebes nalub rep ukas gnau ikilimem ini naitilenep malad nednopser pR

00,000.005 – gnau ikilimem gnay nednopseR .)%34( 00,000.000.1 pR

ikilimem gnay nednopseR .)%04( gnaro 04 kaynabes 000.005 pR < ukas

00,000.000.1 pR ukas gnau – .)%21( gnaro 21 kaynabes 00,000.005.1 pR

00,000.005.1 pR ukas gnau ikilimem gnay nednopseR –R 00,000.000.2 p

pR > ukas gnau ikilimem gnay nednopseR .)%4( gnaro 4 kaynabes

.)%1( gnaro 1 kaynabes 00,000.000.2

.B satilibaileR ijU nad satidilaV ijU sisilanA

.1 satidilaV ijU sisilanA

isalerok kinket nagned naitilenep tnemurtsni satidilav naijugneP

tcudorp tnemom nagned meti roks aratna nakisalerokgnem arac nagned

neisifeok ialin alib halada nakanugid gnay airetirK .meti latot roks

r irad raseb hibel meti isalerok lebat natukgnasreb gnay meti akam

.dilav nakataynid

d tapad ,001 halmujreb gnay nednopser kutnU tajared helorepi

n rasebes )bd( sabeb - 001 ( 2 – ahpla ialin nad 89 = bd kutnU .) 89 = 2

r ialin helorepid ,)isis aud( %5 lebat r ialiN .791,0 rasebes lebat ayntujnales ini

meti satidilav airetirk kutnu nakanugid - tapad kutnU .renoisiuk meti

.791,0 irad raseb hibel surah latot meti isalerok neisifeok ,dilav nakataynid


64

5.V elbaT naitileneP lebairaV satidilaV ijU

lebairaV r meti - latot r lebat nagnareteK

)1X( kudorP satilauK

1 naaynatreP

2 naaynatreP

3 naaynatreP

4 naaynatreP

5 naaynatreP

6 naaynatreP

176,0

315,0

883,0

925,0

585,0

344,0

791,0

791,0

791,0

791,0

791,0

791,0

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

)2X( kudorP agraH

1 naaynatreP

2 naaynatreP

3 naaynatreP

393,0

853,0

756,0

791,0

791,0

791,0

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

)3X( kudorP kereM

1 naaynatreP

2 naaynatreP

3 naaynatreP

235,0

694,0

726,0

791,0

791,0

791,0

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

)Y( naggnaleP satilayoL

1 naaynatreP

2 naaynatreP

3 naaynatreP

4 naaynatreP

5 naaynatreP

985,0

666,0

732,0

824,0

154,0

791,0

791,0

791,0

791,0

791,0

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

dilaV

tnemurtsni meti aumes awhab naklupmisid tapad sata id lebat iraD

r ialin anerak dilav nakataynid naitilenep meti - latot irad raseb hibel

r lebat .naitilenep malad nakanugid tapad naikimed nagneD.


74

.2 satilibaileR ijU sisilanA

nakanuggnem nagned rukuid tnemurtsni satilibaileR s’hcnabnorC

ahplA 50,0 isnakifingis farat adap nakukalid isnakifingis ijU . aynitra

irad raseb hibel ahplA ialin alib lebailer nakatakid tapad tnemurtsni

r lebat tnemoM tcudorP .

6.V lebaT U lisaH naitileneP satilibaileR ij

lebairaV s’hcnabnorC

ahplA metI nagnareteK

naggnaleP satilayoL

)Y( 127,0 5 lebaileR

)1X( kudorP satilauK 797,0 6 lebaileR

)2X( kudorp agraH 207,0 3 lebaileR

)3X( kudorP kereM 927,0 3 lebaileR

r irad raseb hibel sata id lebat adap ahpla neisifeok ialiN lebat =

gnisam adap narukugnep meti naikimed nagneD .791,0 - lebairav gnisam

tapad nad lebailer nakataynid .naitilenep malad nakanugid

.C ataD sisilanA

.1 kisalK ismusA ijU

.a satiraenilokitluM kisalK ismusA ijU lisaH


84

7.V LEBAT satiraenilokitluM ijU lisaH

scitsitatS ytiraenilloC

ecnareloT FIV

806. 446.1

848. 971.1

216. 436.1

ialin nad 01 < FIV ,sata id 7.V lebat adap lisah nakrasadreB

ecnarelot iserger ledom awhab naklupmisid tapad akaM.1 itakednem

.satiraenilokitlum idajret kadit

.b satisitsadeksoreteH kisalK ismusA ijU lisaH

da iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid satisitsadeksoreteh ijU uata a

utiay ,satisitsadeksoreteh kisalk ismusa nagnapmiynep aynkadit

ialin nagned nakkujnutid gnay alop nairav naamaskaditek aynada

.laudiser irad snairav utas ratna amas kadit gnay


94

1.5 rabmaG

satisitsadeksoreteH ijU lisaH

,atad nahalognep nakrasadreB awhab lisah tapadid akam

tahilid tapad tubesret laH .rutaret kadit halada laudiser narabeynep

nagneD .utnetret alop kutnebmem kadit nad racnepret gnay tolp adap

iserger naamasrep awhab nalupmisek libmaid tapad naikimed lisah

sitsadeksoreteh ismusa ihunemem .sati


05

.c satilamroN ijU lisaH

ledom malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu naaujutreb satilamron ijU

.lamron isubirtsid ikilimem laudiser lebairav ,iserger

2.5 rabmaG

satilamroN ijU lisaH

ratikes id katelret PP tolp ialin awhab tahilret kifarg iraD

.lanogaid sirag sirag irad huaj gnapmiynem kadit stolP PP ialiN

satilayol atad isubirtsid awhab nakitraid asib aggnihes ,lanogaid

.lamron halada naggnalep


15

.2 adnagreB raeniL isergeR sisilanA

: tukireb iagabes lisah helorepid tapad atad nahalognep lisah iraD

8.V lebaT lisaH adnagreB raeniL isergeR sisilanA

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

dezidradnatsnU

stneiciffeoC

dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC

t .giS

ytiraenilloC

scitsitatS

B rorrE .dtS ateB ecnareloT FIV

1 tsnoC( )tna 378.2 129.1 594.1 831.

)1X( kudorP satilauK 882. 790. 313. 679.2 400. 806. 446.1

)2X( kudorP agraH 943. 321. 252. 828.2 600. 848. 971.1

)3X( kudorP kereM 703. 171. 881. 697.1 670. 216. 436.1

)Y( naggnaleP satilayoL :elbairaV tnednepeD .a

maladek nakijasid tapad ,7.V lebaT adap nagnutihrep lisah iraD

: tukireb iagabes dezidradnats iserger naamasrep kutneb

378,2 = Y X882,0 + 1 X943,0 + 2 X703,0 + 3

: anamiD

Y naggnaleP satilayoL :

X1 kudorP satilauK :

X2 kudorP agraH :

X3 kudorP kereM :


25

.3 adnaG isaleroK sisilanA

9.V lebaT adnaG isaleroK sisilanA lisaH

R akgna helorepid sata id lebat nakrasadeB 2 ( erauqS R ) rasebes

,satilauk lebairav huragnep esatneserp awhab nakkujnunem ini laH .633,0

.% 6,33 rasebes naggnalep satilayol padahret kudorp kerem nad agrah

.nial lebairav helo ihuragnepid %4,66 rasebes aynasis nakgnadeS

.4 F ijU

01.V lebaT F ijU lisaH

AVONA b

ledoM serauqS fo muS fd erauqS naeM F .giS

1 noissergeR 533.063 3 211.021 986.71 000. a

laudiseR 558.156 69 097.6

latoT 091.2101 99

)1X( kudorP satilauK ,)2X( kudorP agraH ,)3X( kudorP kereM ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

satilayoL :elbairaV tnednepeD .b )Y( naggnaleP

kudorp satilauk lebairav irad natlumis araces iserger sisilana lisaH

naklisahgnem F iju nagned )3X( kudorp kerem ,)2X( kudorp agrah ,)1X(

yrammuS ledoM b

ledoM R erauqS R

R detsujdA

erauqS

fo rorrE .dtS eht

etamitsE nibruD - nostaW

1 795. a 653. 633. 97506.2 884.1


)Y( naggnaleP satilayoL :elbairaV tnednepeD .b


35

F ialin gnutih sabeb tajared nad %5 isnakifingis farat nagneD .986,71 rasebes

bd( 1 bd nad 4 : 2 : 001 -4- tapad akam 764,2 ialinreb gnay )59 =1

F awhab nakisakifitnedid gnutih F > lebat .

kerem nad agrah ,satilauk awhab nakkujnunem tubesret lisaH

padahret nakifingis gnay huragnep iaynupmem natlumis araces kudorp

.naggnalep satilayol

.5 t ijU

11.V lebaT lisaH t ijU

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

dezidradnatsnU

stneiciffeoC stneiciffeoC dezidradnatS

t .giS

ytiraenilloC

scitsitatS


1 )tnatsnoC( 378.2 129.1 594.1 831.

)1X( kudorP satilauK 882. 790. 313. 679.2 400. 806. 446.1

)2X( kudorP agraH 943. 321. 252. 828.2 600. 848. 971.1

)3X( kudorP kereM 703. 171. 881. 697.1 670. 216. 436.1


kudorp satilauk lebairav irad laisrap huragnep isnakifingis iju lisaH

t ialin naklisahgnem t iju nagned gnutih %5 isnakifingis farat nagneD .679,2

001 : bd( sabeb tajared nad - ,1 ialinreb gnay )89 =2 tapad akam 489

t nakisakifitnediid gnutih t > lebat satilauk awhab nakkujnunem ini lisaH .

.naggnalep satilayol padahret huragnepreb laisrap araces kudorp

kudorp agrah lebairav irad laisrap huragnep isnakifingis iju lisaH

t ialin naklisahgnem t iju nagned gnutih isnakifingis farat nagneD .828,2 =


45

001 : bd( sabeb tajared nad %5 - tapad akam 489,1 ialinreb gnay )89 = 2

t nakisakifitnediid gnutih t > lebat kudorp agrah awhab nakkujnunem ini lisaH .

.naggnalep satilayol padahret huragnepreb laisrap araces

iju lisaH kudorp kerem lebairav irad laisrap huragnep isakifingis

t ialin naklisahgnem t iju nagned gnutih isnakifingis farat nagneD .697,1 =

001 : bd( sabeb tajared nad %5 - tapad akam 489,1 ialinreb gnay )89 = 2

t nakisakifitnediid gnutih t < lebat kujnunem ini lisaH . kudorp kerem awhab nak

.naggnalep satilayol padahret huragnepreb kadit laisrap araces

.D nasahabmeP

.1 gnay amatrep sisetopih awhab iuhatekid ,atad sisilana lisah iraD

kerem nad agrah ,satilauk aratna huragnep ada laisrap araces nakataynem

ilayol padahret kudorp naggnalep sat kalotid tapad tubesret nalupmiseK .

nagnutihrep nakrasadreb libmaid : nakkujnunem gnay t iju nagned

.a kudorp satilauk lebairav irad laisrap huragnep isnakifingis iju lisaH

t ialin naklisahgnem t iju nagned gnutih isnakifingis farat nagneD .679,2

001 : bd( sabeb tajared nad %5 - tapad akam 489,1 ialinreb gnay )89 =2

t nakisakifitnediid gnutih > t lebat satilauk awhab nakkujnunem ini lisaH .

.naggnalep satilayol padahret huragnepreb laisrap araces kudorp

.b bairav irad laisrap huragnep isnakifingis iju lisaH kudorp agrah le

t ialin naklisahgnem t iju nagned gnutih farat nagneD .828,2 =

001 : bd( sabeb tajared nad %5 isnakifingis - ialinreb gnay )89 = 2

t nakisakifitnediid tapad akam 489,1 gnutih t > lebat nakkujnunem ini lisaH .


55

preb laisrap araces kudorp agrah awhab satilayol padahret huragne

.naggnalep

.c kudorp kerem lebairav irad laisrap huragnep isakifingis iju lisaH

t ialin naklisahgnem t iju nagned gnutih farat nagneD .697,1 =

001 : bd( sabeb tajared nad %5 isnakifingis - ialinreb gnay )89 = 2

tnediid tapad akam 489,1 t nakisakifi gnutih t < lebat nakkujnunem ini lisaH .

.naggnalep satilayol padahret huragnepreb kadit kudorp kerem awhab

kudorp agrah ,kudorp satilauk lebairav awhab nakkujnunem ini laH

satilayol lebairav padahret nakifingis gnay huragnep ikilimem

.naggnalep padahret huragnepreb kadit kudorp kerem lebairav kutnu ipateT

.naggnalep satilayol

.2 nakataynem gnay audek sisetopih awhab iuhatekid ,atad sisilana lisah iraD

nad kudorp agrah ,kudorp satilauk aratna huragnep ada natlumis araces

tilayol padahret kudorp kerem nalupmiseK .amiretid tapad naggnalep sa

nakkujnunem gnay F iju nagnutihrep nakrasadreb libmaid tapad tubesret

rasebes lebat F ialin adapirad raseb hibel 986,71 rasebes gnutih F ialin

kudorp agrah ,kudorp satilauk lebairav awhab nakkujnunem ini laH .764,2

d nakifingis gnay huragnep ikilimem natlumis araces kudorp kerem na

.naggnalep satilayol lebairav padahret


65

IV BAB

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

.A nalupmiseK

tapadid gnay atad sisilana lisah nakrasadeB awsisaham lepmas 001 irad

sisilana malad naksalejid halet gnay ,atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

kiratid tapad akam ,aynmulebes bab malad tapadret gnay fitatilauk

: tukireb iagabes nalupmisek

.1 al aratna maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorp naggnalep kitsiretkaraK : ni

)a halmuj ,itiletid halet gnay nednopser sisilana lisah nakrasadreB

halada maoF laicaF s’dnoP naanuggnep isanimodnem gnay awsisaham

.nuhat 81 aisureb gnay nednopser

)b awsisaham halmuj ,itiletid gnay nednopser sisilana lisah nakrasadreB

nimalek sinej nagned isanimodnem gnilap gnay naupmerep

.gnaro 09 kaynabes utiay maoF laicaF s’dnoP naanuggnep

)c kusamret nednopser ,itiletid gnay nednopser sisilana lisah nakrasadreB

ini laH .maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorp padahret layol gnay naggnalep

53 kaynabes irad tahilid tapad s’dnoP kudorp nakanuggnem halet %

.nuhat 3 irad hibel maoF laicaF

)d awsisaham halmuj ,itiletid gnay nednopser sisilana lisah nakrasadreB

au halmuj egnar nagned 00,000.005 pR ukas gn – 999 pR rep 00,000.

aoF laicaF s’dnoP nanuggnep isanimodnem gnilap gnay nalub .m


75

.2 R akgna helorepid adnagreb iserger sisilana lisah nakrasadreB 2 R( erauqS )

kudorp kerem nad agrah ,satilauk awhab nakkujnunem gnay 633,0 rasebes

%6,33 rasebes naggnalep satilayol padahret huragnepreb

.3 k lebairav irad natlumis araces iserger sisilana lisaH nad agrah ,satilau

F ialin helorepid kerem gnutih F nad 986,71 rasebes lebat .764,2 rasebes

F aneraK gnutih F > lebat H akam 2a kerem nad ,agrah ,satilauk aynitra amiretid

.naggnalep satilayol padahret huragnepreb natlumis araces kudorp

.4 es iserger sisilana lisaH nakkujnunem t iju nakanuggnem laisrap arac

: awhab

)a ialin helorepid t iju nakanuggnem nagned )1X( kudorp satilauk kutnU

t gnutih t > lebat > 679,2( 489,1 .)

)b ialin helorepid t iju nakanuggnem nagned )2X( kudorp agrah kutnU

t gnutih t > lebat > 828,2( 489,1 )

)c m kutnU ialin helorepid t iju nakanuggnem nagned )3X( kudop kere

t gnutih t < lebat < 697,1( 489,1 )

agrah nad satilauk lebairav irad laisrap araces iseger sisilana lisaH

nakkujnunem kudorp laH .naggnalep satilayol padahret huragnep aynada

t nagned nakkujnutid ini gnutih t> lebat H itrareB . 1a .amiretid . kutnu ipateT

padahret huragnep aynada nakumetid kadit ,kudorp kerem lebairav

t nagned nakkujnutid ini laH .naggnalep satilayol gnutih t < lebat . H akaM 1a

.kalotid


85

.B naraS

.1 kudorp tahilem aynah kadit ini gnarakes nemusnoK .ajas kerem irad

ibel nemusnok ipateT satilauk irad kudorp ialinemh . nakparahid s’dnoP

atres kudorp satilauk naktakgninem nad naknahatrepmem suret tapad

kudorp nakatpicnem tapad - nagned iauses fitavoni hibel gnay kudorp

ubesret lah aneraK .nemusnok nahutubek ayad utas halas idajnem tapad t

.s’dnoP kudorp adap layol patet kutnu nemusnok igab kirat

.2 hid s’dnoP nad agrah naiausesek naknahatrepmem tapad nakpara

gninem kutnu aynsatilauk satilayol naktak .naggnalep adanupualaK

lah ,agrah nakianek id nakparahid tubesret gnay satilauk nagned ituki

heS .takgninem nikames i kudorp padahret layol patet naka nemusnok aggn

.s’dnoP


95

AKATSUP RATFAD

“ .6002 .ylluR ,idayhajT nalrA :kereM satilayoL sketnoK malaD tsurT dnarB ,kereM kitsiretkarak nareP kitsiretkaraK naD naahasureP kitsiretkaraK

naggnaleP nagnubuH - kereM 1.oN ,6.loV ,nemejanaM lanruJ ”.

: gnarameS .SSPS nagned etairavitluM sisilanA isakilpA .6002 .mamI ,ilazohGpidnU PB

ltoK 8002.gnortsmA .G nad pilihP ,re snirP . pi – .narasameP pisnirP isidE ,I diliJ

21 .aggnalrE :atrakaJ .

pisnirP . 1002.gnortsmA .G nad pilihP ,reltoK – isidE ,II diliJ .narasameP pisnirP.aggnalrE :atrakaJ .IIIV

.5002 ,pilihP ,reltoK .narasameP nemejanaM :atrakaJ .1 diliJ salebeseK isidE

.skednI

.9002 .ydeD ,nawainruK padahreT kereM naayacrepeK huragneP sisilanA “.”gnarameS atoK iD padeS eiM nemusnoK adaP kereM stilayoL satlukaF

gnarameS : orogenopiD satisrevinU imonokE

atebaflA : gnudnaB.sinsiB naitileneP edoteM .)9991(.onoyiguS

.3002 .onoyiguS nsiB naitileneP edoteM .si gnudnaB .atebavlA VC :

atebavlA : gnudnaB .naitileneP kutnU akitsitatS .8002 .onoyiguS

.6002 .ydnaF ,onotpijT ,asaJ narasameP gnihsilbuP aidemuyaB : gnalaM

.5002 ,niesuH ,ramU .nemusnok ukalirep nad narasamep tesiR aidemarG :atrakaJ.amatu akatsuP

moc.sdnopym.www

moc.etutitsnisdnop.www di.oc.revelinu.www

moc.aidepikiw.www


06

NARIPMAL


16

I

RENOISIUK


26

: adapeK

i/araduaS .htY

maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorP naggnaleP

atrakaygoY iD

,tamroh nagneD

irad iwsisaham ohorguN iradnuS atehdanreB ayas ,ini tarus amasreB naitilenep nakadagnem duskamreb atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU kudorp kerem nad ,agrah ,satilauk irad tahilid naggnalep satilayol ianegnem

ilenep irad naujut nupadA .maoF laicaF s’dnoP ihunemem kutnu halada ini nait atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id naanajraseK raleg helorepmem tarays kereM nad agraH ,satilauK huragneP“ ludujreb gnay ispirks nusuynem nagned kudorp naggnalep adap susak iduts ”naggnaleP satilayoL padahreT kudorp

dnoP .maoF laicaF s’

halidus nohom ayas akam ,ini naitilenep naujut ayniapacret imeD nad nakaides ayas gnay renoisiuk isignem utnabmem aidesreb i/araduaS

huggnus nad rujuj araces nakuja ayas gnay naaynatrep aumes bawajnem -aj ayas ini renoisiuk irad isI.huggnus aynah nakanugid nad aynnaisaharek nim

.ini naitilenep naulrepek kutnu

.hisak amiret nakpacu ayas aynnautnab nad naaidesek satA

ayas tamroH

) NS atehdanreB (


36

RENOISIUK

.A nednopseR satitnedI .1 : amaN .2 : rumU .3 : nimaleK sineJ .4 : kudorp naanuggnep amaL

.a nuhat 1 <

.b 1 – nuhat 2

.c 2 – nuhat 3

.d nuhat 3 > .5 : nalub rep )ukas gnau( natapadnep takgniT

.a 00.005 pR <

.b 000.005 pR – 999 pR 000.

.c 000.000.1 pR – 994.1 pR 000.

.d 000.005.1 pR – 000.000.2 pR

.e 000.000.2 pR >

.B ( adnat halireB √ ap adna turunem gnay nabawaj katok adap ) iauses gnil.adna nabawaj nagned

SS nagnareteK ujutes tagnas : S ujutes : N larten : ST ujutes kadit : STS ujutes kadit tagnas :

oN naaynatreP SS S N ST STS

naggnaleP satilayoL

1 kudorp ilebmem gnires ayaSmaoF laicaF s’dnoP

2 ayaS gnalu nailebmep nakukalem

iakap ayas gnay kudorp ilak paitessibah

3 utas irad hibel nakanuggnem ayaS maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorp

4 gnatnet isamrofni irebmem ayaS laicaF s’dnoP kudorp naluggnuek

nial gnaro adapek maoF


46

5 naknaraynem ayaS nial gnaro

kudorp nakanuggnem kutnumaoF laicaF s’dnoP

satilauK kudorP

6 nakanuggnem namayn asarem ayaSmaoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorp

7 s’dnoP kudorp nasamek nad kutneBkinu nad kiranem maoF laicaF

8 laicaF s’dnoP nasamek nad kutneB

maof anamek awabid kutnu hadum -anam

9 hadum maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorPaynnaiakamep arac

01 nimajret maoF laicaF sdnoP kudorPaynnsatilauk

11 s’dnoP nakrawatid gnay kudorP magareb maoF laicaF

kudorP agraH

21 s’dnoP kudorp hilimem ayaS laicaF

nagned iauses anerak maoFayas )ukas gnau( natapadnep

31 maoF laicaF s’dnoP kudorp agraH uakgnajret

41 nagned iauses nakpatetid gnay agraHnakirebid gnay satilauk

kudorp kereM

51 sahk iric iaynupmem s’dnop kudorP

nakadebmem gnay kerem nagnednial

61 kudorp nakanuggnem aggnab ayaSmaoF laicaF s’dnoP kerem

71

akij irid ayacrep asarem ayaSmaoF laicaF s’dnoP nakanuggnem


56

II

NAITILENEP KUDNI ATAD


66

oNnednopser

naggnalep satilayol

1 2 3 4 5

1 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 2 1 3 3 2 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 5 4 4 3 3 4 6 5 5 4 4 4 7 2 3 1 3 3 8 2 2 2 1 2 9 4 4 4 4 4 01 5 5 4 4 4 11 4 4 2 4 4 21 5 5 2 2 3 31 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 3 3 51 1 1 1 1 1 61 4 4 2 4 4 71 4 4 4 4 4 81 4 4 3 4 4 91 4 4 2 2 4 02 4 4 3 4 4 12 4 5 2 4 4 22 4 4 2 2 4 32 4 4 3 4 5 42 5 4 2 2 4 52 5 5 4 4 4 62 5 4 4 2 2 72 2 2 2 2 4 82 3 4 2 2 3 92 3 4 3 4 3 03 3 2 3 3 3 13 3 3 2 2 2 23 3 3 2 3 3 33 3 1 1 1 1 43 4 4 4 2 1 53 1 1 1 1 1 63 3 3 3 2 2 73 4 4 2 2 2 83 5 5 3 3 3 93 4 4 2 1 1


76

04 4 4 2 1 1 14 5 5 4 3 3 24 2 2 4 3 3 34 3 4 2 2 3 44 4 5 3 4 3 54 4 3 4 3 3 64 3 3 4 3 4 74 4 4 2 3 3 84 4 4 2 5 4 94 5 4 3 4 4 05 5 5 4 2 3 15 5 5 2 4 3 25 1 1 4 3 3 35 3 4 4 2 3 45 3 4 4 3 3 55 3 4 4 4 4 65 3 4 3 2 2 75 3 3 3 4 4 85 1 1 1 1 1 95 4 4 3 3 3 06 3 4 2 3 3 16 4 4 2 3 3 26 4 4 4 4 4 36 4 5 2 4 4 46 2 2 3 4 4 56 5 5 2 3 3 66 4 4 2 3 3 76 4 4 2 3 3 86 4 4 4 4 4 96 4 4 4 3 3 07 4 3 3 4 4 17 5 4 3 4 4 27 4 4 4 4 4 37 4 4 2 3 3 47 4 4 2 3 3 57 4 4 2 3 3 67 4 4 2 5 4 77 3 4 3 4 2 87 4 4 2 4 3 97 5 4 3 3 3 08 5 4 3 2 4


86

18 3 4 3 4 4 28 3 3 4 3 3 38 3 3 4 4 3 48 5 5 3 5 2 58 5 4 4 4 4 68 4 5 4 4 3 78 4 5 2 3 3 88 4 4 3 2 2 98 4 4 3 3 3 09 4 4 3 4 4 19 3 3 3 4 3 29 3 3 2 5 3 39 3 4 3 2 4 49 4 2 4 3 2 59 4 4 4 5 2 69 4 2 2 3 2 79 5 5 3 4 3 89 5 4 3 3 3 99 4 4 2 3 4

001 4 3 2 3 3


96

onnednopser

kudorp satilauk

6 7 8 9 01 11

1 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 3 5 5 5 3 3 8 2 4 5 5 3 5 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 01 4 4 4 4 4 5 11 5 4 5 5 5 5 21 4 2 5 5 3 4 31 4 4 4 4 3 4 41 4 4 3 4 4 4 51 1 1 1 1 1 1 61 5 4 5 4 4 4 71 4 4 3 5 5 3 81 4 4 5 4 4 3 91 5 5 5 5 5 4 02 5 4 5 5 4 4 12 5 4 5 5 4 4 22 4 5 5 5 5 5 32 5 4 5 5 5 4 42 4 4 5 5 4 4 52 4 4 4 5 5 5 62 4 4 5 5 5 4 72 2 5 5 5 4 4 82 2 3 2 2 2 2 92 4 4 4 4 4 4 03 1 4 5 4 2 3 13 2 3 4 4 3 4 23 3 4 4 4 3 4 33 1 1 3 3 3 3 43 3 3 5 5 4 5 53 1 3 4 3 2 3 63 3 3 4 3 3 3 73 4 4 4 4 3 4 83 5 5 5 5 5 5 93 4 4 4 4 3 4


07

04 4 4 4 4 3 4 14 5 3 5 5 3 3 24 3 4 4 4 3 4 34 4 3 4 3 3 4 44 5 4 4 3 4 4 54 4 3 4 4 3 4 64 3 2 4 3 3 3 74 3 3 4 3 3 4 84 5 4 5 5 5 4 94 4 4 4 4 4 4 05 5 4 4 4 4 4 15 5 5 5 5 3 4 25 2 3 3 4 3 3 35 4 4 4 4 4 4 45 3 3 5 4 3 4 55 4 4 3 4 4 4 65 2 3 4 4 3 4 75 3 5 5 5 4 5 85 3 2 4 4 2 4 95 4 4 4 4 3 5 06 3 4 4 4 3 2 16 3 4 4 4 4 4 26 3 4 4 4 4 4 36 3 5 5 5 5 5 46 3 3 3 3 3 3 56 5 5 5 5 5 5 66 4 4 5 5 5 5 76 5 5 5 5 5 4 86 4 4 5 5 5 5 96 3 3 5 5 5 5 07 3 4 4 4 4 4 17 4 4 4 4 4 4 27 4 5 5 5 5 5 37 5 4 4 3 4 4 47 4 4 5 3 5 5 57 4 4 4 4 5 3 67 4 5 4 5 4 5 77 4 3 4 4 2 4 87 3 4 4 4 4 5 97 4 3 4 5 2 5 08 3 4 4 4 3 4


17

18 2 3 5 3 3 4 28 5 5 4 3 3 4 38 4 2 4 4 4 1 48 3 4 5 3 2 4 58 3 4 3 3 3 3 68 3 4 4 5 3 3 78 4 4 5 4 5 4 88 4 5 3 4 3 4 98 4 3 4 5 3 4 09 5 5 5 4 3 5 19 3 4 4 4 3 4 29 4 3 4 4 3 4 39 3 4 4 4 4 5 49 4 3 4 4 3 4 59 4 5 4 5 3 4 69 4 2 5 4 3 2 79 3 4 3 4 5 4 89 2 4 4 4 4 3 99 4 4 4 4 4 4

001 4 4 4 3 4


27

onnednopser

kudorp agrah on

nednopser kudorp kerem

21 31 41

51 61 71

1 3 3 3

1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3

2 2 3 3

3 4 4 4

3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

4 4 4 4

5 4 4 4

5 4 4 4 6 5 5 5

6 5 5 5

7 1 4 3

7 4 3 2 8 3 2 2

8 4 3 3

9 4 4 4

9 4 4 4 01 5 5 5

01 5 5 5

11 4 3 4

11 4 4 4 21 4 4 4

21 3 2 2

31 4 4 4

31 3 3 3 41 4 4 4

41 3 3 3

51 1 1 1

51 1 1 1 61 4 5 4

61 5 5 5

71 5 5 4

71 3 3 3 81 4 4 4

81 4 4 4

91 4 3 4

91 5 3 4 02 4 4 5

02 4 4 4

12 2 4 4

12 4 4 5 22 2 2 5

22 4 4 4

32 4 2 4

32 5 4 4 42 2 2 4

42 5 4 4

52 2 2 4

52 5 4 5 62 4 2 5

62 5 5 5

72 2 1 4

72 4 3 2 82 2 1 2

82 2 2 2

92 2 2 4

92 4 2 2 03 3 3 3

03 4 3 1

13 3 3 3

13 4 3 3 23 3 3 3

23 4 3 4

33 3 3 3

33 3 1 3 43 3 4 3

43 4 4 3

53 1 2 2

53 2 3 1 63 3 3 3

63 3 3 3

73 4 4 4

73 4 4 4 83 5 5 5

83 5 5 5

93 4 4 4

93 4 4 4


37

04 3 3 3

04 3 3 3 14 4 5 5

14 3 4 4

24 3 4 3

24 4 3 3 34 3 3 3

34 4 4 4

44 4 3 4

44 3 3 4 54 3 4 3

54 2 3 2

64 4 3 4

64 3 3 3 74 4 4 4

74 4 4 3

84 5 4 5

84 5 4 4 94 3 4 4

94 4 4 4

05 3 4 4

05 4 4 4 15 4 4 4

15 4 4 5

25 1 2 3

25 3 2 3 35 4 4 4

35 4 4 4

45 3 3 3

45 3 3 3 55 2 3 4

55 4 4 4

65 4 4 4

65 3 4 4 75 4 4 4

75 5 4 5

85 4 4 3

85 4 3 2 95 4 4 4

95 4 3 3

06 5 4 4

06 4 3 3 16 3 2 4

16 4 3 3

26 3 3 3

26 4 3 3 36 3 3 5

36 4 4 4

46 3 3 3

46 3 3 3 56 4 4 4

56 4 4 4

66 3 3 3

66 4 3 3 76 3 3 3

76 5 4 4

86 3 3 5

86 5 3 3 96 4 4 4

96 4 3 3

07 3 3 3

07 4 3 3 17 3 3 3

17 4 4 4

27 4 3 3

27 3 3 3 37 4 4 2

37 3 2 4

47 4 4 3

47 4 2 5 57 5 5 4

57 5 3 4

67 1 4 5

67 4 3 3 77 3 2 4

77 4 3 4

87 4 4 3

87 4 1 3 97 5 5 5

97 3 4 4

08 4 3 3

08 4 3 4


47

18 4 4 3

18 3 3 2 28 4 4 4

28 4 4 3

38 4 4 3

38 3 5 3 48 1 1 4

48 5 4 4

58 4 5 4

58 4 3 4 68 5 5 5

68 4 4 4

78 4 4 4

78 4 3 5 88 4 3 4

88 4 4 3

98 4 4 4

98 4 3 4 09 2 4 3

09 4 3 3

19 2 2 4

19 3 3 4 29 4 2 3

29 4 4 4

39 2 2 4

39 4 4 5 49 2 2 4

49 5 4 2

59 4 2 4

59 5 4 3 69 2 1 3

69 4 4 3

79 2 1 4

79 4 2 3 89 2 2 4

89 4 4 3

99 3 3 4

99 3 3 4

001 3 3 3

001 4 4 3


57

nednopser on naggnalep satilayol kudorp satilauk kudorp agrah

keremkudorp

Y 1X 2X 2X

1 51 81 9 9 2 41 51 9 8 3 51 52 21 21 4 71 42 21 21 5 81 42 21 21 6 22 03 51 51 7 21 42 8 9 8 9 42 7 01 9 02 42 21 21 01 22 52 51 51 11 81 92 11 21 21 71 32 21 7 31 02 32 21 9 41 81 32 21 9 51 5 6 3 3 61 81 42 31 51 71 02 42 41 9 81 91 42 21 21 91 61 92 11 21 02 91 72 31 21 12 91 72 01 31 22 61 92 9 21 32 02 82 01 31 42 71 62 8 31 52 22 72 8 41 62 71 72 11 51 72 21 52 7 9 82 41 31 5 6 92 71 42 71 8 03 41 91 9 8 13 21 02 9 01 23 41 22 9 11 33 7 41 9 7 43 51 52 01 11 53 5 61 5 6 63 31 91 9 9 73 41 32 21 21 83 91 03 51 51


67

93 21 32 21 21 04 21 32 9 9 14 02 42 41 11 24 41 22 01 01 34 41 12 9 21 44 91 42 11 01 54 71 22 01 7 64 71 81 11 9 74 61 02 21 11 84 91 82 41 31 94 02 42 11 21 05 91 52 11 21 15 91 72 21 31 25 21 81 6 8 35 61 42 21 21 45 71 22 9 9 55 91 32 9 21 65 41 02 21 11 75 71 72 21 41 85 5 91 11 9 95 71 42 21 01 06 51 02 31 01 16 61 32 9 01 26 02 32 9 01 36 91 82 11 21 46 51 81 9 9 56 81 03 21 21 66 61 82 9 01 76 61 92 9 31 86 02 82 11 11 96 81 62 21 01 07 81 32 9 01 17 02 42 9 21 27 02 92 01 9 37 61 42 01 9 47 61 62 11 11 57 61 42 41 21 67 91 72 01 01 77 61 12 9 11 87 71 42 11 8 97 81 32 51 11


77

08 81 22 01 11 18 81 02 11 8 28 61 42 21 11 38 71 91 11 11 48 02 12 6 31 58 12 91 31 11 68 02 22 51 21 78 71 62 21 21 88 51 32 11 11 98 71 32 21 11 09 91 72 9 01 19 61 22 8 01 29 61 22 9 21 39 61 42 8 31 49 51 22 8 11 59 91 52 01 21 69 31 02 6 11 79 02 32 7 9 89 81 12 8 11 99 51 42 01 01

001 51 91 9 11


87

NEDNOPSER KITSIRETKARAK


97

RUMU NIMALEK SINEJ

AMAL

NAANUGGNEP NATAPADNEP

N dilaV 001 001 001 001

gnissiM 0 0 0 0

RUMU

ycneuqerF tnecreP tnecreP dilaV

evitalumuC

tnecreP

dilaV 71 4 0.4 0.4 0.4

81 22 0.22 0.22 0.62

91 81 0.81 0.81 0.44

02 23 0.23 0.23 0.67

12 8 0.8 0.8 0.48

22 01 0.01 0.01 0.49

32 5 0.5 0.5 0.99

42 1 0.1 0.1 0.001

latoT 001 0.001 0.001

NIMALEK SINEJ


evitalumuC

tnecreP

dilaV L 01 0.01 0.01 0.01

P 09 0.09 0.09 0.001

latoT 001 0.001 0.001


08

NAANUGGNEP AMAL


evitalumuC

tnecreP

dilaV A 33 0.33 0.33 0.33

B 11 0.11 0.11 0.44

C 12 0.12 0.12 0.56

D 53 0.53 0.53 0.001

latoT 001 0.001 0.001

NATAPADNEP


evitalumuC

tnecreP

dilaV A 04 0.04 0.04 0.04

B 34 0.34 0.34 0.38

C 21 0.21 0.21 0.59

D 4 0.4 0.4 0.99

E 1 0.1 0.1 0.001

latoT 001 0.001 0.001


18

VI

SATIDILAV IJU

SATILIBAILER NAD


28

SATIDILAV IJU

metI - scitsitatS latoT

fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

1B 0035.75 797.26 985. 168.

2B 0025.75 646.16 666. 758.

3B 0034.85 621.86 732. 678.

4B 0051.85 315.46 824. 868.

5B 0061.85 823.56 154. 768.

6B 0026.75 680.16 176. 758.

7B 0064.75 950.56 315. 468.

8B 0060.75 235.76 883. 968.

9B 0041.75 635.56 925. 468.

01B 0016.75 153.36 585. 168.

11B 0033.75 240.66 344. 768.

21B 0029.75 389.46 393. 078.

31B 0059.75 143.56 853. 278.

41B 0055.75 901.46 756. 958.

51B 0024.75 994.56 235. 468.

61B 0058.75 204.56 694. 568.

71B 0087.75 937.26 726. 958.


38

SATILIBAILER IJU

SATILAYOL NAGGNALEP

yrammuS gnissecorP esaC

N %

sesaC dilaV 001 0.001

dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 001 0.001

eht ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

.erudecorp

scitsitatS ytilibaileR

s'hcabnorC

ahplA smetI fo N

127. 5


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

1B 0068.21 887.6 025. 756.

2B 0058.21 355.6 075. 636.

3B 0067.31 008.7 223. 137.

4B 0084.31 695.6 605. 366.

5B 0094.31 281.7 784. 176.


48

KUDORP SATILAUK


N %


dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 001 0.001


.erudecorp


s'hcabnorC

ahplA smetI fo N

797. 6


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

6B 0008.91 303.8 105. 387.

7B 0046.91 897.8 855. 467.

8B 0042.91 774.9 215. 677.

9B 0023.91 608.8 436. 947.

01B 0097.91 923.8 785. 757.

11B 0015.91 978.8 255. 667.


58

KUDORP AGRAH


N %


dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 001 0.001


.erudecorp

ytilibaileR scitsitatS

s'hcabnorC

ahplA smetI fo N

207. 3


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

21B 0060.7 750.2 746. 034.

31B 0090.7 240.2 126. 964.

41B 0096.6 984.3 533. 008.


68

KUDORP KEREM


N %


dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 001 0.001


.erudecorp


s'hcabnorC

ahplA smetI fo N

927. 3


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

51B 0039.6 741.2 235. 866.

61B 0063.7 059.1 965. 226.

71B 0092.7 327.1 465. 436.


78

V

ISERGER SISILANA


88

devomeR/deretnE selbairaV

ledoM

selbairaV

deretnE

selbairaV

devomeR dohteM

1 kudorP kereM

agraH ,)3X(

,)2X( kudorP

kudorP satilauK

)1X( a

. retnE

.deretne selbairav detseuqer llA .a

yrammuS ledoM b

ledoM R erauqS R

R detsujdA

erauqS

eht fo rorrE .dtS

etamitsE nibruD - nostaW

1 795. a 653. 633. 97506.2 884.1


)Y( naggnaleP satilayoL :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

AVONA b

ledoM fo muS serauqS fd erauqS naeM F .giS

1 noissergeR 533.063 3 211.021 986.71 000. a

laudiseR 558.156 69 097.6

latoT 091.2101 99


satilayoL :elbairaV tnednepeD .b )Y( naggnaleP


98

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

dezidradnatsnU

stneiciffeoC

dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC

t .giS

ytiraenilloC

scitsitatS


1 )tnatsnoC( 378.2 129.1 594.1 831.

kudorP satilauK

)1X(

882. 790. 313. 679.2 400. 806. 446.1

kudorP agraH

)2X(

943. 321. 252. 828.2 600. 848. 971.1

kudorP kereM

)3X(

703. 171. 881. 697.1 670. 216. 436.1


s scitsongaiD ytiraenilloC a

ledoM

isnemiD

no eulavnegiE xednI noitidnoC

ecnairaV snoitroporP

)tnatsnoC(

kudorP satilauK

)1X(

kudorP agraH

)2X(

kudorP kereM

)3X(

1 1 649.3 000.1 00. 00. 00. 00.

2 920. 185.11 30. 40. 79. 90.

3 610. 018.51 36. 00. 20. 55.

4 900. 189.02 43. 69. 00. 63.

satilayoL :elbairaV tnednepeD .a )Y( naggnaleP


09

scitsitatS slaudiseR a

muminiM mumixaM naeM noitaiveD .dtS N

eulaV detciderP 2691.01 9333.12 0095.61 18709.1 001

laudiseR - 74439.9 92903.5 00000. 10665.2 001

eulaV detciderP .dtS - 153.3 784.2 000. 000.1 001

laudiseR .dtS - 218.3 730.2 000. 589. 001



19


st ud i k as us p ada ma ha si swa uni ve rs it as san ata dh … · not influ ence the c ust...

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