staar ladder to success rung 5. polarity – the oxygen atom is bigger than the hydrogen atoms, the...
TRANSCRIPT
Polarity
– The oxygen atom is bigger than the hydrogen atoms, the electrons spend more time around the oxygen. This creates a slight charge on each end of the water molecule.
Hydrogen Bonding
• The force of attraction between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule to the oxygen atom of another water molecule
• Easily done because of water’s bent shape- allowing the hydrogen to bond.
How does the structure of water relate to its nickname, “ the universal
solvent”?
A. It has a positive end and a negative end, and can therefore dissolve many compounds.
B. It has a very low specific heat.C. It loses heat very quickly.D. It has no electric charge and is therefore
able to associate with a variety of molecules.
Molarity
• Concentration of a solution.
solution of liters
solute of moles(M)Molarity
total combined volume
substance being dissolved
• Example #1: What is the molarity of the solution if .25 moles of Na2SO4 is dissolved in 1.5 L solution?
• Example #2: If you had a 2M solution of glucose (C6H12O6) how many liters of the solution would contain 3 moles glucose?
2211 VMVM
Dilution
• Preparation of a desired solution by adding water to a concentrate ( stock solution).
• Moles of solute remain the same.
SATURATED SOLUTIONno more solute dissolves
UNSATURATED SOLUTIONmore solute dissolves
SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONbecomes unstable, crystals form
concentration
Rate of Solution
• Solids dissolve faster...
– more stirring
– small particle size(increased surface area)
– high temperature
Rate of Solution
• Gases dissolve faster...
– no shaking or stirring
– high pressure
– low temperature