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15th Annual Heart CongressDurban, SA, October 19th 2014
Thomas F. Lüscher, FESC, FRCPProfessor and Chairman Cardiology University Hospital and Director
Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich
Stable Coronary Artery Disease
CoronaryArtery Disease
1. Definition2. Epidemiology3. Natural history and prognosis4. Diagnosis and assesssement5. Lifestyle and pharmacological
management6. Revascularization7. Special groups or considerations
CoronaryArtery Disease
1. Definition2. Epidemiology3. Natural history and prognosis4. Diagnosis and assesssement5. Lifestyle and pharmacological
management6. Revascularization7. Special groups or considerations
Main Features of Stable CAD
Group A:No Angina
Group B:History ofAngina
Group C:CurrentAngina
Diagnosing Stable Coronary Disease
Non-Invasive Testing in Patients with SuspectedStable CAD
Coronary CT - Anatomical Information
CoronaryArtery Disease
1. Definition2. Epidemiology3. Natural history and prognosis4. Diagnosis and assesssement5. Lifestyle and pharmacological
management6. Revascularization7. Special groups or considerations
Treatment of Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Optimal Medical Therapy(OMT)
Percutaneous CoronaryIntervention (PCI)
Aorto-CoronaryBypass (ACBP)
Drugs to Treat Coronary Artery Disease
Long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of alirocumab versus placebo in high cardiovascular risk patients: first results from
the ODYSSEY LONG TERM study in 2,341 patients
Jennifer G. Robinson,1 Michel Farnier,2 Michel Krempf,3
Jean Bergeron,4 Gérald Luc,5 Maurizio Averna,6 Erik Stroes,7
Gisle Langslet,8 Frederick J. Raal,9 Mahfouz El Shahawy,10
Michael J. Koren,11 Norman Lepor,12 Christelle Lorenzato,13
Robert Pordy,14 Umesh Chaudhari,15 John J.P. Kastelein7
1University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; 2Point Médical, Dijon, France; 3CHU de Nantes - Hôpital Nord Laennec, Saint-Herblain, France; 4Clinique des Maladies Lipidiques de Quebec Inc., Quebec, Canada; 5University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France; 6Università di Palermo – Policlinico “P.Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy; 7Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic
Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 8Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; 9University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; 10Cardiovascular Center of Sarasota, Sarasota, FL, USA; 11Jacksonville Center
For Clinical Research, Jacksonville, FL, USA; 12Westside Medical Associates of Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, CA, USA; 13Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin, France; 14Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA; 15Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
16
ODYSSEY LONG TERM Study Design
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01507831.
HeFH or High CV-risk patients
On max-tolerated statin other lipid-lowering
therapy
LDL-C ≥1.81 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]
Double-blind treatment (18 months)
n=1553
n=788
R
Follow-up(8 weeks)
Alirocumab 150 mg Q2W SC(single 1-mL injection using prefilled syringe for self-administration)
Placebo Q2W SC
AssessmentsW0
W4
W8
W12
W16
W24
W36
W52
Primaryefficacy endpoint
Pre-specified analysisEfficacy: All Patients To W52Safety: Baseline-W78
(all patients at least W52)
W64 W78
86% (2011/2341) completed 52 weeks (both treatment arms)26.1% (405/1553 alirocumab) and 25.6% (202/788 placebo) had completed 78 weeks by time of this analysisMean treatment duration: 65 weeks (both treatment arms)
J.G. Robinson et a. ESC 2014
Alirocumab Maintained Consistent LDL-C Reductions over 52 Weeks
17
39
53
67
81
95
109
123
137
151
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52Week
3.1 mmol/L118.9 mg/dL
1.3 mmol/L48.3 mg/dL
3.2 mmol/L123.0 mg/dL
1.4 mmol/L53.1 mg/dL
mg
/dL
PlaceboAlirocumab
LD
L-C
, LS
mea
n (
SE
), m
mo
l/L
Achieved LDL-C Over Time All patients on background of maximally-tolerated statin ±other lipid-lowering therapy
Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis J.G. Robinson et a. ESC 2014
81% 79%
9% 8%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 P<0.0001
% p
atie
nts
Very high-risk: LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) High-risk: <2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL)
<1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) regardless of risk
P<0.0001
Most Patients Receiving Alirocumab on Background Statin ± Other LLT Achieved LDL-C Goals
Placebo
Alirocumab
Proportion of patients reaching LDL-C goal at Week 24
Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis; LLT = lipid-lowering therapy J.G. Robinson et a. ESC 2014
7881550
7761534
7311446
7031393
6821352
6671335
321642
127252
00
No. at RiskPlaceboAlirocumab
Weeks
Mean treatment duration: 65 weeks
Placebo + max-tolerated statin ± other LLT0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.0096847260483624120
Est
imat
ed p
rob
abili
ty o
f ev
ent
Alirocumab + max-tolerated statin ± other LLT
Cox model analysis:HR=0.46 (95% CI: 0.26 to 0.82)Nominal p-value = <0.01
†Primary endpoint for the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial: CHD death, Non-fatal MI, Fatal and non-fatal ischemic stroke, Unstable angina requiring hospitalisation. LLT, lipid-lowering therapy
Kaplan-Meier Estimates for Time to First Adjudicated Major CV Event Safety Analysis (at least 52 weeks for all patients continuing treatment, including 607 patients
who completed W78 visit)
Post-hoc Adjudicated Cardiovascular TEAEs (Same as primary endpoint of ongoing ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial†)
J.G. Robinson et a. ESC 2014
Fox et al. NEJM 2014
Ivabradine in Coronary Artery DiseaseWith Normal LVEF: Signify
Ivabradine in Coronary Artery DiseaseWith Normal LVEF: Signify
Fox et al. NEJM 2014
Fox et al. NEJM 2014
Ivabradine in Coronary Artery DiseaseWith Normal LVEF: Signify
Ivabradine in Coronary Artery DiseaseWith normal LVEF: Signify
Fox et al. NEJM 2014
Recommendations for Optimal Medical Therapy
Management during Follow-up of CAD
CoronaryArtery Disease
1. Definition2. Epidemiology3. Natural history and prognosis4. Diagnosis and assesssement5. Lifestyle and pharmacological
management6. Revascularization7. Special groups or considerations
Treatment of Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Optimal Medical Therapy(OMT)
Percutaneous CoronaryIntervention (PCI)
Aorto-CoronaryBypass (ACBP)
Restenosis and Otcome:(assessed at Control Angiograph (6-8 months after PCI)
Entire Cohort Subgroups
Asymptomatic Patients
Treatment of Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Optimal Medical Therapy(OMT)
Percutaneous CoronaryIntervention (PCI)
Aorto-CoronaryBypass (ACBP)
SYNTAX Score:Sum of points assigned to lesionidentified in the coro-nary tree with>50% diameter narro-wing in ves-sels >1.5mm diameter. The coronary tree is divided into 16 segments (AHA). Each segment isgiven a score of 1 or 2 based on thepresence of disease and this score is then weighted based on a chart, with values ranging from 3.5 for theproximal LAD to 5.0 for left main, and 0.5 for smaller branches.
Network Analysis of Randomized Revascularization Trial
Windecker et al. Brit. Med. J. 2014
Network Analysis of Randomized Revascularization Trial
Windecker et al. Brit. Med. J. 2014
Network Analysis of Randomized Revascularization Trial
Win
deck
er e
t al.
Brit
. Med
. J. 2
014
Indications for Revascularization of Stable CAD in Patients with OMT
Deciding for PCI or CABG in Stable CAD:The HeartTeam Approach
Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Optomal Medical Therapy(OMT)
Perkutane CoronareIntervention (PCI)
Aorto-CoronareBypasserkrankung (PCI)