stage 1 physical education exercise physiology skeletal system part 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Stage 1 Physical Education
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGYSkeletal System
Part 1
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MAIN BODY SYSTEMS“ The human body is a complex structure made up of a network of different
anatomical systems.”
• Cardiovascular system: the blood circulation with heart, arteries and veins • Digestive system: processing food with mouth, esophagus, stomach and
intestines. • Endocrine system: communicating within the body using hormones • Urinary system: eliminating wastes from the body • Immune system: defending against disease-causing agents (includes the
Lymphatic system) • Integumentary system: skin, hair and nails • Muscular system: moving the body with muscles • Nervous system: collecting, transferring and processing information with brain and
nerves • Reproductive system: the sex organs • Respiratory system: the lungs and the trachea
All are important for the proper functioning of the body.
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SKELETAL SYSTEM The Human Skeleton consists of about 206 individual bones, linked to
each other at joints. The skeleton can be broken into 2 separate parts.
1. AXIAL SKELETON:
80 bones found in skull, spine, ribs and sternum and forms the basic structure by which the rest of the skeleton is supported.
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
2. APPENDICULAR SKELETON:
126 bones supporting & attaching the limbs to the main skeleton. These include Arms, Legs, Shoulders.
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SKELETAL FUNCTION:
SUPPORT Gives the body shape, actively supporting the tissues & organs.
PROTECTION Surround & protect the vital organs - usually with a flat bone. I.e. - Rib Cage - Heart and Lungs, Skull – Brain
MOVEMENT Provide attachment for the tendons of the skeletal muscles & the ligaments of the joints. This provides the basis for movement, with the bones acting as levers & pulleys.
BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION
Red bone marrow found inside the bones is a critical manufacturer of red blood cells which transport Oxygen around the body.
MINERAL STORAGE
Calcium and phosphate are stored in abundance within the bone tissue.
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BONE
• Bones are not dry, dead material.
• One third of them is living tissue with a constant turnover of cells carrying out maintenance and repair according to the bones needs.
• Bones are serviced by blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels - transporting body fluids.
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BONE
• It is a highly specialised form of Connective Tissue, very rigid - made up of Calcium Phosphates and Calcium Carbonates called a Ground Substance.
• 97% of total calcium content is stored in the skeleton.
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TYPES OF BONEBones are classified according to their shape
LONG BONE• Strong but light allowing large strong movements• Withstand heavy stresses and body weight• Main levers of the body – allows mobility
• Examples: Femur Phalanges Humerus
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SHORT BONE
• Usually equal in length and width
• Absorb impact where strength is required
• Mobility is less necessary
• Examples: Carpals
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FLAT BONES
• Broad, smooth surfaces• Little movement, main function is
to protect internal organs• Muscles attached at their base
• Examples: Skull , Scapular, Pelvis
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IRREGULAR BONES
Named according to their complex and varied shapes
Used for protection, support and leverage in movement
Examples: Vertebral column, Facial Bones