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SUMMER TRAINING

NAME : SEMİH TUNÇ

ID :21003139

DEPARTMANT : ELECTRIC- ELECTRONIK ENG

CAMPANY : EUAŞ (BURSA DOĞAL GAZ ELEKTRİK ÇEVRİM)

ADRESS : Pc.41 16105 Gençosman - Osmangazi, Bursa

DATES OF PRACTİSE : 18.07.2011 – 12.08.2011



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1.PURPOSE OF THE POWER PLANT

1.2.LOCATİON

1.3.GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE POWER PLANT

1.4.ORGANIZATION CHART

2.PRODUCTION

2.1 PRODUCTION SYSTEM

2.1.1 Gas Turbines

2.1.2 Steam Turbines

2.2 ANNUAL GENERATION

3.WORK DONE

3.1 RESEARCH

3.1.1 SCADA SYSTEM

3.1.1.2 PID CONTROLLER

3.1.2 SWITCHYARD

3.2 TEST AND CONTROL

3.2.1 DIESEL GENERATOR

3.2.2 OIL PUMP

3.2.3WATER PUMP

3.2.4 AUXILERY ENERGY UNIT

4. CONCLUSION

5.REFRENCES



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1. INTRDUCTION

This report contain 3 main part first introduction where I am going to give some

fundamental information about the power plant. Then in the second part which is production

I am going to give some significant information about how they produce the electric. Finally

at the last part I am going to tell what I have done in power plant in my working days.

Before all I want to do my internship program in energy sector because it is a rapidly

increasing sector in Turkey .İt is increasing due to technological improvements and increasing

population. Since the population and technology increase companies are run up their

investment on energy sector. In parallel with this, I apply Electricity Generation Incorporated

Company Bursa Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant Operational Management

for an internship position. Then, I have been accepted for an internship position. Then I have

successfully finished my summer practice in two different departments. First electric

maintance then test and control department.



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1.1 . Purpose of the Power Plant

a) Meeting of electric energy demand of Bursa region and South Marmara in economical

ways with minimum electrical loss and minimum cost.Due to the increasing number of

people and growing industry in Marmara region and especially in Bursa city

government had to do something and they decide to establish the natural gas fired

combined cycle power plant operational management to correspond the energy

demand .

b) Provide with uninterrupted electricity to the industrial enterprises.

There are 3 industrial regions in Bursa and thus they haven’t got a bility to produce

their own energy they need to be provided by a uninterrupted electricity. The

industrial regions are DOSAB (demirtaşsanayibölegesi ) which is the nearest place to

power plant. BOSB (BURSA ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGESİ) küçüksanayi(

bursabeşevlersanayisitesi)

c) Reduction of electric loss due to the power transmission lines.

d) Meeting of predicted electric energy deficit for following years.

e )Employment opportunities for increasing population growth.



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1.2 Location

There were 16 possible areas were determined in Bursa to establish the power plant

respect to following criteria and after 1 year research Bursa commission select the Ovaakça

plain.

a) Geological conditions

b) Close to natural pipe line

c) Close to consumption area ( ındustrial regions)

d) Transportation state

e) Soil and agricultural features

f) Cooling water conditions

g)

Topographical state

h) Closeness to 154 kV transformer station



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1.3 General Information about Power Plant

Bursa Natural Gas Cycles Main Units

Gas turbines (2 for each block)

Heat recovery boilers

Steam turbine (1 for each block)

Cooling water and steam condensation system

Water demineralization system

Switchyard and electric systems

Control and command systems

Bursa natural gas cycle power plant contain two symmetric block and each blocks are

consisted of two gas turbines and a steam turbine and each block produces 705 MW/h and

there are two cooling towers which are working for cooling the circulation water. They are

cooled water naturally due to the hyperbolic shape.



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Gas turbines use natural gas to generate electricity and at the end of the burning session

steam comes out with 1350 C’ and this steam use for again generating electricity from steam

turbine.

A gas turbine consumes 68.000 Sm³ / h natural gas so four units consume 270 000 Sm³ / h

natural gas. At maximum load two gas turbines + one steam turbine which has 8100 kCal /

Sm³ heat value, work with 1564 kCal / kWh. Its efficiency is %55.

1.4 ORGANIZATION CHART



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2.PRODUCTION

2.1 Production System

2.1.1. Gas Turbines

Bursa Natural Gas Combined Cycle contain two symmetric blocks. Each has two gas

turbines and generator units and one steam turbine and its generator unit. Gas turbines can

generate 239 MWh and its worked with 50 hz which means 3000 revolution per minute. After

this air combines with natural gas which is 200c and 40 bars, it goes to combustor. Then a

combustion gas which is 1.350C goes to four level gas turbine blades thus turbine rotor is

rotated. The turbine rotor is coupled with generator rotor so at the same time also generator

rotor is rotated.

At each block there are two heat recovery boilers. They have three phases which are low

pressure , medium pressure and high pressure . They use 3 phase because they want to

increase the efficiency of the power plant with using all phase of steam. Heat recovery boilers

consist of deaeratordom super-heater and cold-heater and economizer.

COLD-

HEATER

DEAERATOR ECONOMIZER DOM

SUPER HEATER

EVAPORATOR

Steam Turbine



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2.1.2. Steam Turbine

After gas turbines done their jobs. They obtain air which is at 1350 C and ıf they let it

go to the nature we might face with lots of natural problem. They don’t let it go and moreover

they use this air to obtain some new electricity from steam turbine. Steam turbine can

generate 237 MW/h of electricity with 50 hz revolution. Steam turbine has three pressure

phase high pressure medium pressure and low pressure.They use this three phase to use the

potential energy more efficiently. At the end of the gas turbines work the air reduces its heat

to 100C. There are 2 steam turbine they obtain 237*2 MW/h =474MW/h which corresponds

to %33 energy of total power plant .They don’t waste any energy however efficiency is not

more than %55.

2.2 ANNUAL GENERATION

As I have already mentioned in Bursa power plant there are 2 symetric block and each

block has two gas turbines and one steam turbine. Gas turbines generate 232 MW/h each and

steam turbine 237MW/h totally one block can generate 704MW/h and since there are two

blocks the power plant can generate 704*2=1408 MW/h. When Bursa Power Plant

established it can provided %8 energy of Turkey however now it can only provide %3.5

nearly %4.That means energy sector growing significantly fast.



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Voltage output of the power plant is 13.08 KV and there are two types of transmition

line one is 154 kV which they use this line to transfer energy to a closer place like Gemlik,

Göktaş, Demirtaş and other is 380kV which they use for far centers like

Adapazarı,Tepeören(Istanbul) and İçtaş (Çanakkale).They use 380kV for far centers because

since the Voltage is high current will small and if current small energy loss will be smaller.

Gemlik, Göktaş, Demirtaş, AsılÇelik, Otosansit 1 ve 2 and Bursa SanayiSitesi are

supplied by 154 kV’s bus and Adapazarı, Bursa SanayiSitesi, Tepeören and İçtaş (Çanakkale)

are supplied by 380 kV’s bus.

Energy production in natural gas power plants can change regarding to other types of

power plants energy production to illustrate this in summer you may not find water to

produce energy in hydro-electric power plants and you need to fill this gap with other types

of power plant so you need to use natural gas power plant and in the winter citizens demand

more natural gas due to that natural gas power plants doesn’t produce a lot energy . As you

can observe from the generation chart energy production showing big differences year to year

because government does not want to use natural gas power plant because natural gas is

coming from other countries like Russia and Iran. theYEARS PRODUCTION(MWh)

1999 4.769.421

2000 9.149.350

2001 10.654.140

2002 8.589.123

2003 3.097.4402004 764.917

2005 2.384.187

2006 5.008.734

2007 8.110.871

2008 8.956.289

2009 8.478.411

2010 7.097.587



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3.Work Done

3.1 RESEARCH

3.1.1 SCADA SYSTEM

Scada control system is the most significant thing in Bursa Power Plant it is a data

acquisition system. By using this system without human hand you can control the

following things.

a) Monitoring generated energy

b) Control cooling towers and cooling water

c) Control gas turbine and steam turbine energy generation

d) Control substance they add to obtain pure water

e) Control water pumps and oil pumps

f) Control transformers

g) Finally works done in real time without any significant delay

Scada system done all these jobs with the help of sensors and PID system

which I m going to explain below.

Part of Scada System

3.1.1.1 PID System

A proportional – integral – derivative controller (PID controller) is a generic control

loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control systems – a PID is the

most commonly used feedback controller. A PID controller calculates an "error" value as the

difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint. The controller

attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the process control inputs.The PID controller

calculation (algorithm) involves three separate constant parameters, and is accordingly

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_loop


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback_mechanism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_(control_theory)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_variable

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setpoint_(control_system)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setpoint_(control_system)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_variable

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_(control_theory)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback_mechanism





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sometimes called three-term control: the proportional, the integral and derivative values,

denoted P, I, and D. Heuristically, these values can be interpreted in terms of time: P depends

on the present error, I on the accumulation of past errors, and D is a prediction

of future errors, based on current rate of change.[1] The weighted sum of these three actions is

used to adjust the process via a control element such as the position of a control valve, or the

power supplied to a heating element.

In the absence of knowledge of the underlying process, a PID controller has historically been

considered to be the best controller .[2] By tuning the three parameters in the PID controller

algorithm, the controller can provide control action designed for specific process

requirements. The response of the controller can be described in terms of the responsiveness

of the controller to an error, the degree to which the controller overshoots the setpoint and the

degree of system oscillation. Note that the use of the PID algorithm for control does not

guarantee optimal control of the system or system stability.Some applications may require

using only one or two actions to provide the appropriate system control. This is achieved by

setting the other parameters to zero. A PID controller will be called a PI, PD, P or I controller

in the absence of the respective control actions. PI controllers are fairly common, since

derivative action is sensitive to measurement noise, whereas the absence of an integral term

may prevent the system from reaching its target value due to the control action

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller#cite_note-0



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valve

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller#cite_note-ben93p48-1



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overshoot_(signal)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_control

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_control

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overshoot_(signal)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valve


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)



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Physical systems

Scada system physical events are temperature ,pressure and velocity . At this part

simply sensors convert analog data that they ve taken and convert in to digital data and finally

these data are computerized.

Signal Processing

This system is used to increase the quality of signals which are made by sensors.

Some way of this processing is scaling, linearization, filtering and amplification. The systems

which are based on PC generally use amplification in order to make signal clear.

Data Collection and Control Equipment

Control equipment has some units and cards which is placed on PC bearing element.

Some of the units are CPU, operating system, analog input and output, counter and timer,

programmable amplifier, memory and buffer memory.

In order to evaluate, screen and save the data which are collected, they should be

transferred to PC. The crucial point is that if we assume that our card is programmed for

converting every second, when card makes analog to digital conversion, it should transfer the

data immediately.



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3.1.2 Research Switchyard

Although we are not allowed to get in to switchyard without any engineer it is one of

the most significant part of the power plant. Thus I haven’t taken any lesson about power

electric devices I didn’t know anything about switchyard .

Switchyards consist of of selectors, breakers(Even if there is a short circuit condition,

it interrupts circuit under load condition), busbars(is a conductor and it is used to

communication of equipments which control and conduct electrical energy.) and auxiliary

accoutrements that I am going to explain below. Bursa power plants switchyard consist of two blocks 154 Kv and 380 Kv First part is fed by first block of the plant which has gas turbine

11-12 and steam turbine 1. Second part is fed by second block of the plant which has gas

turbine 21-22, steam turbine 2. Maneuver is done by order of dispatching center. There are

current and voltage transformers (decreases high voltage and phase difference is close to zero.

AC voltage leads to current on primary winding. This current triggers magnetic flux and with

the effect of this flux, voltage is occurred on secondary winding), surge arresters, insulators

and conservation wires in the first and second parts.

Output of the plant is 13.8 kV and by using transformers it converts to 154 kV and 380

kV and in order to make 154 kV / 380 kV and 380 kV / 154 .

.



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3.2 TEST AND CONTROL

3.2.1 Diesel Generator Test

Diesel generator is working for to generate 14MW .It is tested twice in a month. Its

purpose is when 154 kV and 380 kV transmission lines are disabled diesel generator

supplies electricity in order to feed where it need.

In this test we focus on the electrical values and mechanical values. Electrical values

are AC voltages , current , power , and power factor. Mechanicals are oil temperature

water temperature.

Test includes two parts with load and without load. In load part excessive vibration is

occurred due to incompatibility of freq. Load part takes 4 minutes and other part takes 10

minutes and after 5 minutes test is terminated then engineers decided to order new

governor card which adjust controlling of the primary frequency automatically.

3.2.2Control Oil Pump

Oil pump has one significant purpose in the power plant. It cools the mechanical

devices running part. Like transformers or gas turbine . Controlling oil pump system

contain two important main and auxiliary oil pump .For controlling oil pump fault signal

is warned because of excessive vibration. Engineers deactivate this unit and activate

auxiliary oil pump.



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We have made some test like temperature control with thermal cameras and current

test after those test we have noticed that oil temperature is too high . So device is need to

maintenance immediately.

3.2.3Water Pump Test

We can split the water pumps in to two main and auxiliary water pumps. Main water

pump can be splited in to three low pressure high pressure and medium pressure . Simply

they are working for to use the 3 phase of the steam and increase the efficiency of the

energy. If there is a problem on main water pumps auxiliary pumps starts to work .

The water pumps should be tested twice in a month. Test is splited in to two first main

pump test second auxiliary pump test. In this test engineers measure the pressure level of

each different pressure level and decide if they make pressure enough or not. While they

were making the test they got help from scada system for measuring the pressure levels.

Finally they decide that there is no problem on water pumps.

3.2.4 AUXILIARY ENERGY UNIT

Normally the energy that power plant produces feed the facilities of the Bursa Power

Plant and as you can guess there are some places which need energy without any

corruption like first aid room or fire department. For this purpose there is a energy unit

which is consisted of batteries. There always 1MW energy store in this unit. Energy unit

is charged by the power plant when plant is online and it is simply feed the power plants

significant places The energy unit is tested frequently once in a month.



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Test contain just one part, engineers corrupt the energy which feed the facilities of the

power plant than they will test if auxiliary unit feed the significant rooms or not. Finally

they observe that there is no problem with auxiliary unit.

4. CONCLUSION

First of all ıt was my first experience on real engineering working area. I was very curious

about electric and electronic engineering applications. I have learned lots of things about how

a natural gas power plants works and how energy is transmitted to us.

In my first ten days I read manual of the power plant however it was too complicated and

too advance for me. So I started to search what I had wanted to learn, from internet and I

asked lots of question to my supervisor engineer OrhanKüçük. Thus they are not in revision

he had many time to explain how power plant works. Every day we went some part of power

plant and he explained how things work. Mostly I have worked on how gas turbines and

steam turbines works. I haven’t tak en power electronic and power electronic devices lessons

in Bilkent University so I need to study some lessons which I have never seen before. I guess

it has been beneficial for me. After that my supervisor took me to the switchyard and explain

which device work for what .

In my last ten days I changed my department and I transferred to testing and

controlling department. In this department I spent most of my time with technicians and I

tried to learn technical parts. I have learned how scada system works and I have worked on

PID systems.

To sum up I have done my summer practice frankly I has been beneficial for me in

terms of engineering knowledge. I had a change to experiment what I have learned in my

lessons.



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5. References

[1] This graph is taken from EVD Energy Efficiency Consulting

[2]This graph is taken from EVD Energy Efficiency Consulting

[3] This flow diagram is taken from information notes about the power plant

[4]This flow diagram is taken from information notes about the power plant

[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pid-feedback-nct-int-correct.png

[6] This graph is taken from EVD Energy Efficiency Consulting

Sources which I used indicated below;

a) Electricity Generation Incorporated Company Bursa Natural Gas Fired CombinedCycle Power Plant Operational Management sources especially General Information

Notes.

b) J.Kuffel, E.Kuffel, W. Zaengl, High Voltage Engineering Fundamentals

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pid-feedback-nct-int-correct.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pid-feedback-nct-int-correct.png

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