standard in calculation wim plokker rehva 2009 energy and indoor environmental simulation

Standard in calculation

Wim Plokker rehva 2009

Energy and Indoor Environmental Simulation



Contents

• Introduction Vabi

• EPBD software

• Performance simulation

• Energy-> Co2-> PMV-> Productivity



Introduction Vabi

• Association 1972, 1800 unique customers• Combination of software company,

knowledge centre for calculations.• Software for sizing installation equipment

and assessing building performances• Strategic alliances with Ministry of housing,

ISSO, SenterNovem and TNO.



Introduction Vabi

• Developed over 25 calculation engines together with TNO.

• Involvement in (inter)national standardisation and research projects (IEA,EU,Cen and ISO)



EPBD SoftwareEnergy Performance Assessment

• Standard Certificate• Custom-made Advice

• Residential

• Non residential– 5.000 official certificates

Residential building stock

5000000

800000

200000

without labelrentalowner



EPBD Software optimisation

• Single dwelling – most efficient energy

saving measures• Housing corporations

– Database version– Building stock– Optimisation over the building stock

• Policy : CO2 reduction / Label steps



Performance Simulationand EPBD

• (9) The measures further to improve the energy performance of buildings should take into account climatic and local conditions as well as indoor climate environment and cost-effectiveness. They should not contravene other essential requirements concerning buildings such as accessibility, prudence and the intended use of the building.



Performance Simulation

• Energy – Energy Label– kWh Electricity– m3 Gas– Peak capacity / Year duration loads

• CO2 emission• Total cost of ownership• Comfort

– PMV / Fanger• Productivity

– ?????



Performance SimulationHuidig Adv ie s - W a rmte s tro me n w a rmte be ho e fte pe r ma a nd v o o r s e c to r 3

warm testroom [MJ]

-39000 -34300 -29600 -24900 -20200 -15500 -10800 -6100 -1400 3300 8000

-16478-20655 46345830

-16289-20418 463411640

-13555-16991 4196 24150

-11292-14155 4196 32720

-7615-9546 4196 43520

-4221-5291 3635 49670

-2807-3518 3635 42570

-3373-4227 3635 43760

-5824-7300 4196 30400

-8275-10373 419616620

-13178-16518 41966530

-15629-19591 46343260

Januari

Februari

Maart

April

Mei

Juni

Juli

Augustus

Septem ber

O ktober

Novem ber

Decem ber

transm iss ie ventilatie interne warm teproductie zon door ram en zonnecollec tor(en)

Typical EPBD softwareMonthly BuildingOutput

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Time (hours)

Tem

pera

ture

ºC

-600

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

Ener

gy (

W)

Outside temperature

Air temperature

Comfort temperature

Air supply temperature

Local cooling

Cooling centraal

Local heating

Heating central

Insolation

Internal heating load

Typical BuildingPerformance SimulationHourly ZonalOutput



Predicted Mean Vote• Air temperature• Radiation• Humidity• Air velocity• Metabolism (effort)• Clothing

Performance PMV



Overheating risk assessment

• Comfort• Translation of a feeling in an actual assessable

performance• Counting of hours above 25 / 28 °C• PMV / PPD EN ISO 7730• CEN EPBD WI 31/EN 15251• Adaptive thresholds values

• > 90% of all office buildings are assessedin the Netherlands

- +3 Hot

- +2 Warm

- +1 Slightly warm

- +0 Neutral

- - 1 Slightly cool

- -2 Cool

- -3 Cold

- +3 Hot

- +2 Warm

- +1 Slightly warm

- +0 Neutral

- - 1 Slightly cool

- -2 Cool

- -3 Cold



Thermal performanceCEN WI 31 Criteria for the Indoor Environment including thermal, indoor air quality, light and noise

EN 15251

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 3015

18

21

24

27

30

Te,ref (ºC)

Ti (

ºC)

Period:Utilization period only

Temperature:Comfort temperature

Type of building:Alpha

Class A: 90%Class B: 80%Class C: 65%

Undercooling: Overheating:87340

13315920

ATG



Productivity PerformanceShort sick leave versus ventilation rate per person

(Rehva guideline no 6 fig 12)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0 20 40 60 80 100

Ventilation rate (l/s per person)

Sic

k L

ea

ve

re

lati

ve

to

w

ith

no

ve

nti

lati

on

Milton-offices

Relative Productivity versus indoor air temperature(rehva guidebook no 6 fig 20)

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

95.0

100.0

15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

Indoor air temperature (°C)

Re

lati

ve

Pro

du

cti

vit

y

(%)



Productivity

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 3015

18

21

24

27

30

Te,ref (ºC)

Ti (

ºC)






13315920

Minimum ventilation rate Double ventilation rate

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 3015

18

21

24

27

30

Te,ref (ºC)

Ti (

ºC)






1461472319



Productivity

Productivity loss over a day

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Hour of the day (h)

Pro

du

ctiv

ity

loss

(%

)

short seak leave

Productivity Ventilation

Productivity Temperature

Productivity - Total



Productivity

• Annual cost per m2 office

• 3000 Euro Personnel• 300 Euro Rent• 30 Euro Energy costs• 3 Euro 10% Energy savings



ProductivityEnergy consumption Old New New - Old Price Increase of Costs

kWh kWh kWh €/kWh € €/pp

Heating 10803 17213 6410 x 0.072 = 462Cooling 1485 545 -940 x 0.081 = -76

Electricity consumption - fans 3569 6895 3326 x 0.181 = 602Electricity consumption - pumps 458 514 56 x 0.181 = 10Total 998 83

Loss in Productivity 2) Labour cost

costs gain% % % hours €/pph €/pp

Short sick leave at actual Ventilation Rate 3) 1.94 1.07 0.87

Loss in Productivity at actual Ventilation Rate 4) 1.48 0.50 0.98

Loss in Productivity at actual Indoor Air Quality 4) 0.00 0.00 0.00Loss in Productivity at actual Indoor Air Temperature 1.37 1.27 0.10

Total 5) Minimum 1.85 x 1872 x 30 1039Maximum 1.95

Remarks:1) At fresh air amount of 0,0 l/s per person2) Loss in Productivity withrespect to 'ideal' (ventilation rate infinitive, indoor air temperature 22 oC; indoor air quality 0 PPD)3) Short Sick Leave is only applicable for cases with office gardens or for cases with high a recirculation rate of the return air4) The maximum of these two values is taken. The other value is taken 0,05) Minimum: PL-Short Time Sick Leave + PL-indoor air quality + Maximum (PL-ventilation,PL-temperature)

Maximum: PL-Short Time Sick Leave + PL-indoor air quality + PL-ventilation + PL-temperature PL stands for Productivity Loss



Concluding Remarks

• Rehva Guidebook 6“Indoor Climate and Productivity in Offices” is a big step towards Productivity as a performance indicator

• Integrating Productivity in Building Performance Simulation makes a balanced trade-off between Investment / Energy performance / Productivity possible

standard in calculation wim plokker rehva 2009 energy and indoor environmental simulation

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