standard indicator

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KEM LEY | Principal investigatorNHIM DALEN |Consultant

5 Dec 2012


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Experiences

Standard Indicator

Indicator Reference Sheet-IRS Sample of Standard Indicator

1. MMR2. NER

3. GDP


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M&E System and Tools Development for

MoSVY on Orphans and Vulnerable Children

MoLVT on Private Sector

MoCoM on Administrative Reform

MoH, Malaysia & MAC on Social Issues

CCIM-VoD on Media

M&E System and Tools Training forUNICEF Staff and its Counterparts

( MoSVY, MoP, MoRD, CARD, MoI)


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Standard1: Needed and useful

Standard2: Technical merit

Standard3: Fully defined Standard4: Feasible to measure

Stardar5: Field tested or used

operationally

Standard6: Coherence & balanced(relevant to indicator sets only)


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Is there evidence that this indicator is neededat the appropriate level?

Stakeholders need and would use theinformation collected by this indicator?

How would information from this indicator beused?

What effect would this information have onplanning and decision-making?

Is this information available from otherindicators and/or other sources?

Is this indicator harmonized with otherindicators?


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Technically sound and significant ormeasure something significant andimportant within particular field

Is the indicator reliable and valid?

Has the indicator been peerreviewed?


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Title and definition Purpose and rationale

Method of measurement

Data collection methodology Data collection frequency

Data disaggregation

Guidelines to interpret ad use data

Strengths and weaknesses

Challenges

Relevant sources of additional information


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How well are they systems, tools andmechanisms that are required to collect,interpret and use data for this indicatorfunctioning?

How would this indicator be integrated into anational M&E framework and system?

How what extend are the financial andhuman resources needed to measure thisindicator available?

What evidence exists that measuring thisindicator is worth the cost?


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To what extend has the indicatorbeen field-tested or usedoperationally?

Is this indicator part of a system toreview its performance in ongoinguse?


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Does the indicator set give and overallpicture of the adequacy or otherwise ofthe response being measured?

Does the indicator set have anappropriate balance of indicators acrosselements of the response?

Does the indicator set over different M&E

levels appropriately?

Does the set contain an appropriatenumber of indicators?


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Consistency or dependability of data and

evaluation judgments, with reference to

quality of the instruments, procedures and

analysis used to collect and interpret

evaluation data

Indication defines clearly what we should be

measured. It defines the variables that help

measure change within a given situation as

well as describe the progress and impact.

The extent to which something is reliable and

actually measures up to or make a correct

claim. The process of cross-checking toensure that the data obtained from one

monitoring method are confirmed by the

data obtained from a different method

INDICATOR PROTOCOLS

INDICATOR PROTOCOLSREQUIRES

Definition

Measurement Strengths Limitations Reliability Precision Validity Objective Owned Accessible Useful


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Title and definition Purpose and rationale

Method of measurement

Data collection methodology Data collection frequency

Data disaggregation

Guidelines to interpret ad use data

Strengths and weaknesses

Challenges

Relevant sources of additional information


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1.MMR

2.NER3.

GDP per capita


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Definition: Maternal Mortality Ratio: Amaternal death is the death of awomen while pregnant or within 42

days of termination of pregnancy,irrespective of the duration and thesite of the pregnancy, from any causerelated to or aggravated by the

pregnancy or its management, butnot from accidental or incidentalcauses


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Definition-Cambodia :

Maternal mortality includes all deathsthat occur to women duringpregnancy, during birth, and up to 6weeks after birth or the end of thepregnancy.


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Purpose: At national and international levels, the demand for reliable

maternal death estimates has grown significantly since thecreation of the MDG.

To improve maternal health and survival, decision-makers

must make difficult choices about where to allocate scarceresources and how to set program and policy priorities. Tomake such decisions, policymakers and program plannersneed accurate data on the level of and trends in maternaldeath in their country or region. Equally valuable isinformation on differences in the risk of maternal deathbetween, for example, remote and urban communities, or

between the rich and the poor in a country.

Reliable data on the levels and causes of maternal deathcan be used for planning, monitoring, and evaluatingprogram. Such data can also be used for priority settingand advocacy, which can help increase awareness aboutsafe motherhood, encourage accountability, and raise

funds.


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Formula: MM Ratio, Numerator & Denominator

No. Maternal Deaths

MM Ratio: ____________________x100,000

No. Lives Births

N. Maternal Deaths

MM Rate: __________________x100,000

No. Women 15-49


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Methods to calculate Pregnancy Related Matality Ratio(PRMR) and Maternal Mortality Ratio(MMR)

(PRD (T1-T2)

PRMR: ____________________x100,000LB (T1-T2)

MD (T1-T2)

MMR: __________________x100,000LB(T1-T2)

PRD(T1-T2)= # of pregnancy related deaths in the period T1 to T2

MD (T1-T2)= # of maternal deaths in the period T1to T2

LB (T1-T2)= # of live births in the period T1 to T2


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Data Sources:

Vital Registration

Service Statistics

Population based Survey

Surveillance


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Limitation and Challenges: Measuring maternal mortality is difficult for a number of

reasons. While vital registration systems are a rich andvaluable source of health data in developed countries,they are not complete in most developing countries. So

population surveys are often used to estimate maternalmortality. The downside of such surveys is that they canbe expensive, because they require information abouta very large number of women to accurately measurematernal mortality.

Another way to measure maternal death is to usehospital records. Unfortunately, estimates from hospital-based studies are not representative of the wholepopulation, but only the population that sought care atthe hospital.

In Cambodia, Its very low vital registration. 30% to 50%


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338

124

605

288

472

206

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2005 CDHS

Deaths per 100,000 live births

2010 CDHS


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Definition: The number of children ofofficial primary school age who areenrolled in primary education as a

percentage of the total children of theofficial school age population.

Unit of Measurement: Expressed as a

percentage (%)


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Purpose: Net Enrolment Rate isconsidered to be a measure of theeducation coverage in a specific level ofa countrys education system.

Standard: International Convention andAgreement-MDG. The MDG goal 2 is toensure that, by 2015, children

everywhere, boys and girls alike, will beable to complete a full course of primaryschooling. The goal for EFA is similar.


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Linkages: This indicator is oftenanalyzed along side the GrossEnrolment Ratio for Primary Education

(GER). This is defined as the number ofpupils (of any age) who are enrolled inprimary education as a percentage of

the total children of official school agepopulation.


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Formula:E

NER = ___ x 100

PNER : Net Enrollment Ratio

E: Enrollment of population of age groupat level of education in school year

P: Population in age group a whichofficially corresponds to level ofeducation in school year


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Data Sources : Number of studentsAdministrative records of Ministry ofEducation / Annual Number of

population in this ageEstimates ofMinistry of National Economy / Annual


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Data Use:

This indicator is used in computing human

development index. It refers to the ability

of the education system toaccommodate those interested in

education

Ministry of Education, Regional andInternational Institutions


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Limitations: A high NER denotes a high degree of enrolment in

education by the official school-age population. Thetheoretical maximum value is 100%. NERs below 100percent provide a measure of the proportion of

primary school age children who are not enrolled atthe primary level.

This difference does not necessarily indicate thepercentage of students who are not enrolled at all ineducation, since some children may be enrolled atother levels of education.

When the NER is compared with the Gross EnrolmentRatio (GER) the difference between the two ratioshighlights the incidence of under-aged and over-aged enrolment.


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KEM LEY | Principal investigator

NHIM DALEN |Consultant

89

76 6861

36 34

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Brunei Thailand Indonesia Philippines Lao Cambodia

NER (secondary School)

Source: ASEAN Statistic 2011


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Definition of GDP Production Approach

Income Approach

Expenditure Approach

GDP per Capita

Definition and Measurement : A measure of the totaloutput of a country that takes the gross domesticproduct (GDP) and divides it by the number of peoplein the country. The per capita GDP is especially useful

when comparing one country to another because itshows the relative performance of the countries. A risein per capita GDP signals growth in the economy andtends to translate as an increase in productivity.


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KEY MACROECONOMIC INDICATORSDescriptions 2009 2010 2011 2012

GDP (USD) 10,400 11,634 12,397 14,231

Real GDP Growth (% Growth) 0.6 6. 6.9 6.5

Agriculture 33.5 33.9 34.0 33.6

Industry 21.7 21.9 22.6 23.1

Service 38.8 38.3 37.8 37.7

GDP per Capita 753 830 909 984

Inflation -0.6 4.0 5.5 5.0

Source: Cambodia Outlook Conference, 16 Feb 2012


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Questions & Inputs

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