standard precautions for infection control measures by ahmed elashry
DESCRIPTION
standard precautions for infectin control measures including video illustrations created on office 2010TRANSCRIPT
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PRECAUTIONS FOR INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES
Done by members of group 18
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Topics Chain of infection Standard precautions
Hand hygiene infectious waste management sharps safety devices PPE respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
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Chain of Infection Agent
↓Reservoir
↓Portal of exit
↓Mode of transmission
↓Portal of entry
↓Susceptible host
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Chain of Infection
+
Quantity ofpathogen
Virulence Route of transmission
Sensitivehost
Port
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infection control precautions Standard precautions
Basic precautions used to reduce transmission of all infectious agents from one person to another
Should be applied for ALL patients Transmission-based precautions
Contact Droplet Airborne
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Standard precautions
Method of infection control that uses 1) work practices, 2) engineering controls, and 3) personal protective equipment (PPE)
to reduce or eliminate exposure to infectious agents.
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Standard precautions
1) Work practices• hand hygiene• no eating, drinking in areas with risk of
transmission• no re-capping of used needles
2) Engineering controls• safety devices on sharp medical devices• sharps containers• hand washing facilities
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Standard precautions
3) PPE• used as last resort when exposure has not
been eliminated by work practices and engineering controls
• provides protection to skin, clothing, nose, mouth, eyes
• examples: gowns, gloves, goggles, masks
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Standard precautions
considers all person potentially infectious applies to all individuals, regardless of
presence/type of symptoms used against exposure to blood, all body
fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), mucous membranes, non-intact skin
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Standard precautions
hand hygiene infectious waste management sharps safety devices PPE respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
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HAND HYGIENE
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Hand hygiene Types:-
sinks, soap, paper towels available in convenient locations
alcohol gel in convenient locations for staff
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Hand hygiene Wash hands:
before and after client contact after removing gloves and other PPE after contact with contaminated surfaces and
items, specimens, even when gloves are worn before eating or drinking after using restroom after coughing, sneezing, blowing nose
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PROCEDURE OF HAND WASHING
By water and soap
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INFECTIOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Infectious waste management
sharps containers puncture resistant leak-proof, closable labeled with biohazard symbol or red do not overfill
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Infectious waste management
biohazard bags for disposal of items with blood, body fluids
that are pourable dripable squeezable flakable
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SHARPS SAFETY DEVICES
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Sharps safety devices
Needle stick Safety and Prevention ActAvoid the use
of needles where safe alternatives are available
Never shear, break, bend, or recap a needle
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Sharps safety devices
Needle stick Safety and Prevention ActDispose
needle and sharps in proper container
Never reach into or overfill a sharp container
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Sharps safety devices
Needle stick Safety and Prevention ActDirect the
sharp end away from yourself and others
Use safety needles
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Sharps safety devices Self-Sheathing
Safety Feature: Sliding needle shields attached to disposable syringes and vacuum tube holders
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Sharps safety devices
Add-on Safety Features:Hinged or sliding shields attached to phlebotomy needles, winged steel needles and blood gas needles
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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definition
Specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees for protection against health and safety hazards.
Personal protective equipment is designed to protect many parts of the body, i.e., eyes, head, face, hands, feet, and ears
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Personal protective equipment
typesglovesgownsapronsgoggles, face
shieldssurgical/procedure
masksrespirators
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Types of PPE Gloves
Different kinds of gloves Housekeeper gloves Clean gloves Sterile glove
Work from clean to dirty
Avoid “touch contamination” Eyes, mouth, nose, surfaces
Change gloves between patients
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Types of PPE Gowns
Fully cover torso
Have long sleeves
Fit snuggly at the wrist
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Types of PPE Surgical masks
Cotton, paper Protect against body fluids and
large particles
Particulate respirators (N95) Fit testing essential Protect against small droplets and
other airborne particles
Alternative materials (barrier) Tissues, cloth
Masks and Respirators: Barriers and Filtration
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Types of PPEParticulate Respirators Three types: disposable, reusable,
powered air purifying respirators
Disposable Particulate Respirators Classified N95, N99, N100, R95, R99, R100,
P95, P99, P100 Letter indicates oil resistance: N = not
resistant, R = somewhat resistant, P = strongly resistant
Number is percent of airborne particles filtered (e.g. N95 filters 95% of particles)
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Types of PPE Boots (non-hospital
settings)Eye Protection
– Face shields– Goggles
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Working with Limited Resources
Avoid reuse of disposable PPE items Consider reuse of some disposable items only
as an urgent, temporary solution Reuse only if no obvious soiling or damage
When prioritizing PPE purchase Masks Gloves Eye protection
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Standard precautions
Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette cover mouth and nose with tissue when
coughing, sneezing immediately toss tissue wash hands with soap and water or use
alcohol gel have client wear mask if possible barriers for front line staff
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Standard precautions
Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette supplies
tissue alcohol gel waste baskets
education posters signs
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THANK YOU
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