Standard Structure

Structure & Navigation

• clicking and exploring istangible face of information structure

• Information must be split up and presented as a collection of smaller units

Standard Structure

• Each existing medium has its own recognized conventions for structuring information

Linear

*Limited direction number (only two direction)

*Like train carriage

*Like Ikea

Linear

Real world exemple

*Ikea

*Natual history musium in London

*Textbook publishing

*This presentation

Linear with Side-streets

*A web site with information about pregnancy

Linear with Side-streets

Tree structure

*Most common structure of organizing information

*Cluster within cluster within cluster…

One-level tree

*Central items of information with attached elements

Tree and linear

*A collection of articles or of student profiles

Tree and linear

No structure

*Games and interactive stories

No structure

Which structure?

Comprehensible structure

Good labeling , titling and reliance on

good contextual feedback such as color

and style.

Structure implicit in the content

Information has its own logical structure with respect to sections, order and structure.

example1

example2

Hybrid structures

Different part of the system will adopt different structures, possibly with one key structure tying the whole thing together.

Internal company structure

Structuring of information public consumption should be dominated by the public’s perceived structure of the information, not by internal company structure.

example3

Look to the real-world for examples of structure

For a richer source of information structuring ideas they should also develop an awareness of abstract information structuring in the world around them.

example4

StructureOther structural issues

IndexOther structural issues

Shallow structure

Deep structure

Sparsely connected

Well connected

Structure for different users

Shallow structureOther structural issues

This results if you move all the choices up as near to the root of a tree structure as you can.

The advantage of a shallow structure is that the reader has to make fewer steps to reach a certain item of information.The disadvantage is that there are many choices to choose

from.

이 구조는 모든 선택이 루트에 가까이 위치할 때 사용한다 .

장점 – 사용자가 원하는 정보에 접근하기 까지 단계가 적다 .단점 – 선택 form 에 너무 많은 선택이 존재한다 .

Shallow structureOther structural issues

Deep structureOther structural issues

Each level has just a small number of simple choices and decisions.

The advantages are that the structuring is more comprehensible and the user is faced with simpler choices,

but there are many choices to be faced and the information can be reached only after a large number of steps in the

structure.

각 레벨은 간단하고 짧은 선택을 가진다 .

장점 – 구조가 이해하기 쉽고 유저입장에서 간단한 선택을 보게 된다 .단점 – 정보까지 도달하는데 필요한 단계가 너무 많다 .

Deep structureOther structural issues

Well connectedOther structural issues

Everything is connected to as many other things as possible. It is quick to move to another part but difficult to get an

overview of the structure.Even if this is done in a well-organized and logical manner it still means that there are many choices at each point in the

structure.

모든 정보가 가능한 한 많은 다른 정보와 연결된다 .

장점 - 다른 파트로 빠르게 이동할 수 있다 . 단점 - 비록 잘 조직화되고 논리적 방법으로 되었다 해도

여전히 구조의 각 포인트마다 선택이 너무 많다 .

Sparsely connectedOther structural issues

The structure is strict and clear, with few choices at each point in the structure.

In the extreme this can be frustrating to the reader as they are forced to stick to the restrictive structure set by the

author.They are repeatedly coming up against the limitations.

이 구조는 각 포인트마다 소수의 선택만이 존재한다 .

장점 - 정밀하고 깔끔하다 .단점 - 이 구조는 제작자에 의해 강제로 끼워 맞추어진 제한적인 구조이므로 ,

사용자를 실망시킬 수 있다 .

Well connected & Sparsely connected Other structural issues

Structure for different usersOther structural issues

The discussion above has been based upon the idea that a site is designed for one sort of typical user.

In fact there are many different users of sites and sometimes a site is designed to cater for distinct user

groups.

위의 구조들에 대한 이야기는 한 종류의 유저들을 위해서만 디자인된 사이트에 한한다 .

많은 종류의 유저가 사이트를 이용하고 있으며 , 때로는 독특한 유저그룹의 요구를 들어주기도 한다 .

Structure and content, which comes first

What happens if the designer does not have any

content?

So.. Structure and content, which comes

first ??

What is in and what is out ??

What better way to build up that knowledge of the

content than by actually starting to build it?

• What is important therefore is to ensure that that iterative process is kept as efficient as possible.

• Set things up so that large-scale revisions need to be carries out in one part rather than 30 separate places.

• Test small sections for technique before applying that technique to the whole production.

Dealing with floating content

Structure Floating content

Dealing with floating content

• Bend the structure. You can bend or distort the structure, alter it so that it is not perfect but at least the extra content will fit into it.

Dealing with floating content

• Drop the content. You can keep the structure 'clean' and just leave the extra content out of the project.

Dealing with floating content

• Redistribute the content. Alternatively you could try to break the extra content up and redistribute it around the other sections of the system.

Structure according to type of

content

• This information can differ with respect to time; some of the information is highly dynamic, changing daily or hourly while other information hardly changes at all.

Structure according to type of

content

• The information can also differ with respect to detail. Some is detailed paragraphs of text while other information is telegram style overviews or summaries of information.

Structure according to type of

content

•  Also the information can differ according to the medium that it is realized in: text-only, video and audio, Flash animations etc.

Different sources

• There are even cases where information should be differentiated in the structure because of the different sources it comes from.  

Information distribution

•  Alternatively the author may choose to spread the information throughout the

structure, ensuring that each element has choices to go deeper into the structure

but also has some information content.