standardization efforts to accommodate new spectrum · pdf filestandardization efforts to...

1 © Nokia Siemens NetworksWorhshop with du 2011.04.11

Standardization efforts to accommodate new spectrum policy approaches.

PCCA, 14th June-2013

Al JetteNokia Siemens Networks

2 © Nokia Siemens Networks 2013

Spectrum = Real Estate for Mobile Broadband

Coverage800, 900, 700, UHFFDD, 10M, co-primary

Capacity2100, 1800, 2600FDD, 20M, light HetNet

Densification2600, 3500, 2300TDD, >20M, dense HetNet

Support up to 1000 times

more capacity

Support up to 1000 times

more capacity

100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz

Wide Area Local Area Personal Area

More Spectrum


3GPP adding bands at “warp” speed4

Operating band Band name Total spectrum

1.7/2.1 GHz

1800 MHzBand 3

Band 4 2x45 MHz

2x75 MHz

850 MHzBand 5 2x25 MHz

800 MHzBand 6 2x10 MHzRel-6

Rel-7

2.6 GHzBand 7 2x70 MHz



Ext 1.7/2.1 MHzBand 10 2x60 MHz

1500 MHz lower Band 11 2x25 MHz

Rel-8Dec 2008

Lower 700 MHzBand 12 2x18 MHz

Upper 700 MHzBand 13 2x10 MHz

Upper 700 MHz, public safety/privateBand 14 2x10 MHz

Lower 700 MHz,AT&T blocks B&CBand 17 2x12 MHz



R’99

Rel-4

Rel-5UMTS Bands carried forward into original Rel-8 LTE Standard

Initial LTE FDD bands shown

Industry migrating to LTE and looking to ensure spectrum is supported in standards.

• Requires extensive work to standardize a new band:• Band plan parameters defined (e.g.

guard bands, emission limits, supported channel bandwidths, channel plan, UE power reduction)

• Coexistence evaluations treat proximity to adjacent bands, unique deployment characteristics, BS and UE filter performance, regulatory requirements, etc.

• Additional signaling support• 3GPP has been focused on licensed

bands


3GPP adding bands at “warp” speed

Ref: 3GPP TS 36.104

4Operating band Band name Total spectrum

800 MHz B, DCM

800 MHz A, KDDIBand 18

Band 19 2x15 MHz

2x15 MHz

UMTSLTE800EUBand 20 2x30 MHz

1500 MHz upper Band 21 2x15 MHz

Rel-9Dec 2009

Rel-10Mar 2011

3.4 – 3.6 GHzBand 22 2x80 MHz

2 GHz S-band Band 23 2x20 MHz

1.5 GHz L-band Band 24 2x34 MHz

Ext 1900 MHz Band 25 2x65 MHz

E850 MHz UB Band 26 2x35 MHz

Rel-11Sept 2012

E850 MHz LB Band 27 2x17 MHz

APT 700 Band 28 2x45 MHz

700 DL onlyBand 29 1x11 MHz

4Operating band Band name Total spectrum

1.7/2.1 GHz

1800 MHzBand 3

Band 4 2x45 MHz

2x75 MHz


800 MHzBand 6 2x10 MHzRel-6

Rel-7




Ext 1.7/2.1 MHzBand 10 2x60 MHz

1500 MHz lower Band 11 2x25 MHz

Rel-8Dec 2008

Lower 700 MHzBand 12 2x18 MHz

Upper 700 MHzBand 13 2x10 MHz

Upper 700 MHz, public safety/privateBand 14 2x10 MHz

Lower 700 MHz,AT&T blocks B&CBand 17 2x12 MHz



R’99

Rel-4

Rel-5UMTS Bands carried forward into original Rel-8 LTE Standard


Let’s not forget TDD

Rel-8

Rel-7

Rel-99 Rel-6

Operating band

Total spectrum

Band 39Band 40

40 MHz100 MHz

Band 38 50 MHz

Band 33Band 34

Band 35

Band 36Band 37 20 MHz

60 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

60 MHz

Ref: 3GPP TS 36.104

Rel-10 Band 41

Band 42Band 43 200 MHz

194 MHz

200 MHz

Band 44 100 MHzRel-11

Frequencies [MHz]

1880-19202300-2400

2570-2620

1910-1930

1850-1910

2010-2025

1900-1920

1930-1990

3600-3800

2496-2690

3400-3600

703-803

UMTS Bands carried forward into original Rel-8 LTE Standard


Carrier Aggregation

Data rate addition

• Enables competitive peak data rates on non-contiguous spectrum

• Mitigates the challenge of fragmented spectrum

Example:

Spectrum assets Peak data rateon Cat.4 device with carrier

aggregation

150 Mbps

150 Mbps

300 Mbps120MHz in 2.6GHz band

20MHz in 800MHz bandNote 1: theoretical peak

Aggregates downlink carriers for improved performance• Dozens of band

combinations in Rel-11 and Rel-12.

• Standard has both intra-band and inter-band carrier aggregation

• Can be used with unpaired spectrum to allow additional DL

• Ultrafast resource allocation provides higher average throughput

2011 World‘s first LTE-A dynamic carrier aggregation demo by NSN at MWC 2011 on Flexi Multiradio LTE eNB• 40 MHz (2 carriers) • 290 Mbps

More Dynamic Spectrum Usage for Better User Experience


A new way of licensing spectrumLicensed Shared Access

Mainstream ApproachAuctions

of Cleared Spectrum

Mainstream ApproachAuctions

of Cleared Spectrum

Unlicensed Approach

Dedicated to Wi-Fi

Unlicensed Approach

Dedicated to Wi-Fi

Complementary License Model

Licensed Shared Access

Complementary License Model

Licensed Shared Access

Exclusive Use Ensures Quality of Service

* Preferred Option *

Shared Use Unpredictable

Quality of Service Exclusive Shared UseExclusive use on a shared and binary

basis in Time, Location, and/or Frequency with Incumbent* (defense, government, etc.)

Ensures Quality of Service

* a current holder of spectrum rights of use which have not been granted through an award procedure (first come, first served; beauty contest, auction) for commercial use


Innovative approach: Licensed Shared Access (LSA)

Operator

LSA Controller

IMT-device uses spectrum according to network control

IncumbentLSA spectrum available for

use in Region-A

Region-B

Base stationBase station

LSA Repository Spectrum use

information

Permission to use LSA spectrum

Region-A

Operator Licensed Spectrum

Binary Approach:• Either incumbent or

operator uses spectrum• Introduces “time” aspect



NSN/Qualcomm Demoat MWC 2013


Sharing rules between incumbent (e.g., DoD) and Licensed shared partner (including rules, rights, compensation, etc) must be pre-negotiated.

+ LSA SpectrumOperator Spectrum

Initial State – Only using Operator Exclusive Use

Spectrum


LSA spectrum needed by incumbent in Region-A

Permission to use LSA spectrum

LSA spectrum available for use in Region-A


Operator

LSA Controller


Incumbent

Region-B



information

Clear LSA spectrum

Region-A

Operator Licensed Spectrum







Sharing rules between incumbent (e.g., DoD) and Licensed shared partner (including rules, rights, compensation, etc) must be pre-negotiated.

+ LSA SpectrumOperator Spectrum


LSA Opportunities in the US

AWS-1 (3GPP Band 4)

UL

DL

Spectrum auctioned planned for Feb 2015, requires sharing with government systems

Broadcast Auxiliary Service (BAS) spectrum best choice for pairing, but access could be challenging.

Preferred UL by Industry. NPRM expected Q3 2013. Excellent international harmonization.

Spectrum auction planned for Feb 2015

Sharing at 1700 MHz being worked in Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee (CSMAC) / National Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA) . Spectrum currently used by Military and satellite weather. CSMAC reports due: June-2013.

Non-exclusive “license light”

FCC NPRM issued in Dec 2012. Industry interest for TDD small cells.

Frequency (MHz)37003550

Federal Spectrum High power radar

3500 3650

Cable TV feedSatellite Control

4200

Federal Spectrum at 3600 MHz currently in use by high power navy radar & satellite systems. Aligns with 3GPP TDD bands 42 & 43. Excellent for cellular small cells & international alignment.


Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in 3.5GHz

No “Priority Access” class of users. Instead, common LSA class of users (critical & non critical)

• Cleared, exclusively licensed spectrum is strongly preferred for predictable Quality of Service.• Only when not possible or available in reasonable timeframe/cost, consider Licensed Shared Access.

FCC’s 3-Tier Proposal (based on PCAST 2012)

NSN LSA 2-Tier Proposal Approach

Priority Access (e.g., hospitals, utilities, state &

local governments, …)

General Authorized Access (e.g., residential, business, and others, incl. wireless telephone

&Internet service providers, …)

Incumbent Access

(Federal, FSS)

License Shared Access

Incumbent Access

(Federal, FSS)

Non critical (e.g., operators)

Critical Access (e.g., hospitals, utilities,

governments, PS, …)

Goal: Provide greater degree of certainty for investment in small cell deployments.


HetNet (Heterogeneous Networks) including Wi-Fi address datatraffic growth with positive end user experience

Wide area Medium area Hot spots Indoor

HetNets combine a range of radio access technologies

Wi-Fi impacts:Cellular networks become more heterogeneous

More capacity to access networks cost efficiently; both indoors and public hotspots


Wi-Fi Offload to Complement Cellular

Source: Cisco VNI Mobile Forecast 2013

0

5

10

15

20Cellular Traffic Offloaded Traffic

46%

54%

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

2010 2015+

MHz Spectrum for WiFi

100 MHz @ 2.4 GHz & 555 MHz @ 5 GHz

7 GHz

@ 60 GHz

802.11ad


TV White Space in U.S.• TV White Space (TVWS) refer to unused TV channels in the VHF and UHF spectrum (e.g. unused due to

frequency re-use pattern or limited TV offerings in rural areas)• White spaces are fragmented in the TV spectrum and only regional and -potentially- temporarily available• US regulator FCC adopted rules to allow unlicensed radio transmitters in TV White Spaces from June 2009,

refined in September 2010• All devices must include

1. Geo-location capability – except devices in client mode2. Database access to get a list of protected services – except devices in client mode

Fig.: Example of TV White Spaces (white space varies with location and even time of day)Note: Some upper UHF TV spectrum being repurposed for mobile broadband.

174 …….. 21654 -72 & 76-88unused TV channel

VHF Channels UHF Channels

470 MHz ………………………………………….. 698 MHz

Approach may be viable rural areas, but provides no broadband benefit in urban areas.Urban will have small fragments of spectrum with other usage (e.g., microphones)


Standards Related to White Space / LSA (partial list)

IEEE• IEEE 802.11af: Wi-Fi deployment in TV WS spectrum• IEEE 802.22: Wireless Regional Area Networks (fixed wireless access system)• IEEE 802.19.1: Coexistence methods for TV WS• IEEE DySPAN: Dynamic Spectrum Access Ntwks (DySPAN). Protocols and data models for

repositories (can be applied to LSA)

IETF PAWS (Protocol to Access White Space) Database• Protocol specification for TV WS database access• May extend database for other white space (e.g. LSA)

ETSI RRS (Reconfigurable Radio Systems)• TV WS operation• LSA / ASA Usage• Roadmap for Cognitive Radios

3GPP• Likely to require new interface(s) for LSA controller and repository (database)


Spectrum Sharing in Europe

European Commission looking to identify more spectrum for wireless broadband• Studying TV White Space and Licensed Shared Access

European Union LSA efforts focused on 2.3 2.4 GHz• Published: “System Reference Document for mobile broadband services in the 2300 MHz – 2400 MHz

band under Licensed Shared Access regime”. [TR 103 113]• Developed in co-operations between ETSI and CEPT, ballot comments resolved: May 2013• Aligns with 3GPP TDD band 40 with excellent global support – an ITU IMT band• ETSI RRS beginning work on System Requirements for LSA in the 2300 – 2400 MHz band, target completion Dec

2013.

EU targeting for LSA3GPP TDD Band 40

Frequency (MHz) 2400

Use varies by country: Possibly exclusive license or may need LSA (currently used for telemetry & other)

2300

Unlicensed (WiFi, Bluetooth, etc)

2483.5


TV White Space Standards - Unlicensed

IEEE 802.22• Developed Wireless Regional Area Networks using TV White

Space (54 – 862 MHz, both VHF & UHF)• Standard focused on rural areas using portable (nomadic)

terminals.• Spectrum sensing and spectrum mgmt

– Will sense TV (analog & digital television) and other (microphone) signals.

– Ntwk maintains an incumbent database. – Senses in-band (channels currently in-use) and out-of-band

(potential alternate channels).– Network can create quiet periods for spectrum sensing.

• Subscribers can alert the BS to the presence of incumbents• BS can then re-assign subscribers to move to a different

channel• Standard published July 2011 (IEEE 802.22-2011)

IEEE 802.11af (White-fi)

• Modifies the 802.11 Physical and MAC layers to operate in UHF TV White Space (470 – 710 MHz)

• Standard leverages cognitive radios and geographic database.

• Standard currently in letter ballot with plans to publish in Dec 2013


Summary

• Additional spectrum is needed for this critical national resource Below 1 GHz provides coverage for network. Between 1 and 5 GHz provides capacity for the data growth

• Exclusive licensed spectrum is clearly preferred Operator controls quality of service and interference management Substantial investment to deploy a new band – operator needs assurance their investment is sound

• We see the need to maximise for global economies of scale and international roaming capabilities. Spectrum harmonisation needs to be a key consideration when re-allocating existing.

• Where exclusive use may not be possible, for spectrum optimization. LSA access models can open up scarcely used spectrum that is primarily allocated to other services while maintaining predictable Quality of Service.


Thank You! Questions ?

Acknowledgements:Thanks to Amitava Ghosh and Prakash Moorut of NSN.


BACKUP


Challenge: Sharing with Federal Government (CSMAC/NTIA* WGs)

Costly ($18B) and timely (>10 years) Clearance: Consider Spectrum Sharing

• WG1: 1695-1710 MHz Weather Satellite Receive Earth Stations

• WG2: 1755-1850 MHz Law Enforcement Surveillance and other short range fixed

• WG3:1755-1850 MHz Satellite Control Links and Electronic Warfare

• WG4: 1755-1850 MHz Fixed Point-to-Point and Tactical Radio Relay

• WG5: 1755-1850 MHz Airborne Operations

• WG1: 1695-1710 MHz Weather Satellite Receive Earth Stations

• WG2: 1755-1850 MHz Law Enforcement Surveillance and other short range fixed

• WG3:1755-1850 MHz Satellite Control Links and Electronic Warfare

• WG4: 1755-1850 MHz Fixed Point-to-Point and Tactical Radio Relay

• WG5: 1755-1850 MHz Airborne Operations

*Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee/National Telecommunications & Information Administration



Administration/Regulator

LSA Controller

LSA licensee (IMT-operator)


Incumbent

grant/award of LSA rights

LSA spectrum andaward rules

where/when LSA spectrum is available (Dynamic)

Incumbent prohibits use of LSA spectrum



information Permission or prohibition of use

of LSA spectrum

Incumbent permits use of LSA spectrum

Exclusive spectrum of IMT-operator to be used

Use of exclusive + LSA spectrum

Binary Approach:•Either incumbent or operator uses spectrum•Introduces “time” aspect

Binary Approach:•Either incumbent or operator uses spectrum•Introduces “time” aspect

NSN/Qualcomm Demo at MWC 2013NSN/Qualcomm Demo at MWC 2013

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