stars and planets
TRANSCRIPT
STARS AND PLANETS
INTRODUCTION
• IN THIS PRESENTATION YOU WILL SEE ABOUT THE EIGHT PLANETS AND STARS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM OF MILKYWAY GALAXY.
PLANETS
MERCURY
MERCURY IS THE FIRST PLANET TO THE SUN AND THE EIGHTH LARGEST :
ORBIT:57,910,000 km from Sun
DIAMETER:4,880 km
MASS:3.30e23 kg
IN ROMAN MYTHOLOGY MERCURY IS THE PLANET OF COMMERCE,THIEVERY AND TRAVEL.THIS PLANET GOT THIS NAME BECAUSE IT TRAVELS SO QUICKLY ACROSS THE SKY.PLANET MERCURY HAS BEEN KNOWN FROM THE TIME OF SUMERIANS[3RD
MILLENIUM BC] . IT IS MORNING AND EVENING STAR . ACCORDING TO GREEK ASTRONOMY IT IS TOLD FOR THE SAME BODY.SPACECRAFTS VISITED MERCURY : MARINER 10 AND MESSENGER.
VENUS
VENUS IS THE SECOND PLANET FROM THE SUN AND THE SIXTH LARGEST:
ORBIT:108,200,000 km from Sun
DIAMETER: 12,103.6 km
MASS: 4.869e24 kg
VENUS SO CALLED ISHTAR] IS THE GODDESS OF LOVE AND BEAUTY.IT IS NAMED BECAUSE IT IS THE BRIGHTEST PLANET WHICH IS KNOWN TO THE ANCIENTS. IT IS THOUGHT THERE ARE TWO BODIES: EOSPERUS AS THE MORNING STAR AND HESPERUS AS THE EVENING STAR.VENUS APPEARING IS CALLED AS LUCIFER.
SPACECRAFTS VISITED VENUS: MARINER 2, PIONEER VENUS,SOVIET-VENERA 7, VENERA 9 WHICH TOOK THE FIRST PHOTO OF THE SURFACE OF VENUS.
EARTH
EARTH IS THIRD PLANET FROM THE SUN AND THE FIFTH LARGEST:
ORBIT:149,600,000 km
DIAMETER:12,756.3 km
MASS: 5.972e24 kg
THE TERM EARTH IS DERIVED FROM OLD ENGLISH AND GERMANIC .IN THE ROMAN MYTHOLOGY THE GODDESS OF HE EARTH TELLUS – THE FERTILE SOIL.THE LAYERS WHICH HAVE DISTINCT CHEMICALS AND SCIESMIC PROPERTIES:
0- 40 Crust
40- 400 Upper mantle
400- 650 Transition region
650-2700 Lower mantle
2700-2890 D'' layer
2890-5150 Outer core
5150-6378 Inner core
MARS IS THE FOURTH PLANET FROM THE SUN AND THE SEVENTH LARGEST:
ORBIT: 227,940,000 km
DIAMETER:6,794 km
MASS: 6.4219e23 kg
MARS [ GREEK : ARES] IS THE GOD OF WARS. IT IS ALSO REFERRED AS THE RED PLANET. THE MONTH MARCH IS DERIVED AND KEPT AS MARS.
SPACECRAFTS VISITED MARS: MARINER 2 , TWO VIKING MISSIONS, MARS 2 , MARS PATHFINDER.
JUPITER
JUPITER IS THE FIFTH PLANET FROM THE SUN AND BY FAR LARGEST.
ORBIT:778,330,000 km from Sun
DIAMETER:142,984 km (equatorial) MASS:1.900e27 kg.
JUPITER IS THE KING OF GODS ,RULER OF OLUMPUS AND THE PATRON OF ROMAN.JUPITER IS THE FOURTH BRIGHTEST OBJECT AND WAS KNOWN TO ANCIENT AS WANDERING STAR.THE FOUR MOON LO, EUROPA, GANYMEDE CALLISTO WERE DISCOVERED BY GALILEO GALILEI SO THAT THESE MOONS ARE CALLED AS GALILEANS.
FASCINATING FACT
• DIAMOND RAIN OCCURS IN THE PLANET JUPITER.
SATURN
SATURN IS THE SIXTH PLANET FROM THE SUN AND THE SECOND LARGEST:
ORBIT:1,429,400,000 km from Sun DIAMETER:120,536 km (equatorial) MASS:5.68e26 kg IN ROMAN MYTHOLOGY THIS PLANET IS THE GOD OF AGRICULTURE.
THE TERM SATURN IS THE ROOT OF ENGLISH WORD SATURDAY.THIS PLANET IS KNOWN FROM PREHISTORIC TIMES.SPACECRAFTS VISITED SATURN:NASA PIONEER 11,VOYAGE 1,VOYAGE 2,CASSINI.SATURN IS VERY DENSE THAN OTHER PLANETS.
SATURN RING STRUCTURE
URANUSURANUS IS THE SEVENTH PLANET FROM THE SUN AND THIRD LARGEST:
ORBIT:2,870,990,000 km from Sun DIAMETER:51,118 km (equatorial) MASS:8.683e25 kg
URANUS IS THE ANCIENT GREEK DEITY OF HEAVENS , THE EARLIEST SUPREME GOD.URANUS WAS DISCOVERED BY WILLIAM HERSCHEL WHEN HE WAS SEEING WITH HIS TELESCOPE ON 13 MARCH,1781.THIS WAS NAMED BY HIM AS GEORGIUM SIDUS IN HONOR OF HIS KING GEORGE III OF ENGLAND.
URANUS WAS VISITED BY ONE SPACECRAFT VOYAGER 2.URANUS EQUATOR IS HOTTEST THAN OTHERS.
NEPTUNENEPTUNE IS THE EIGHTH PLANET
FROM THE SUN AND THE FOURTH LARGEST:
ORBIT:4,504,000,000 km from Sun
DIAMETER:49,532 km MASS:1.0247e26 kg
IN ROMAN MYTHOLOGY ,NEPTUNE IS CALLED AS THE GOD OF SEA.TWO CENTURIES BEFORE GALILEO HAVE SEEN NEPTUNE WHEN HE WAS NEAR JUPITER,HE THOUGHT IT IS JUST A STAR.WHEN HE WAS OBSERVING ON TWO NIGHTS HE SAW THE SLIGHT MOVE OF NEPTUNE BUT HE THOUGHT IT IS A STAR .
SPACECRAFTS VISITED NEPTUNE:VOYAGER 2 ON AUG 25,1989.
DISTANCE RADIUS MASS
SATELLITE 000 KM KM KG DISCOVERER DATE
NAIAD 48 29 ? VOYAGER 2 1989
TALASSA 50 40 ? VOYAGER 2 1989
DESPINA 53 74 ? VOYAGER 2 1989
GALATEA 62 79 ? VOYAGER 2 1989
LARISSA 74 96 ? VOYAGER 2 1989
PROTEUS 118 209 ? VOYAGER 2 1989
TRITON 355 1350 2.14e22 LASSEL 1846
NAREID 5509 170 ? KUIPER 1949
HALIMEDE 15728 61 ? 2002
SAO 22422 40 ? 2002
LOAMEDIA 23571 40 ? 2002
STARS FACTS
Star Facts
• The Sun in the center of our solar system is a star.
• There are around 200 billion stars in the Milky Way alone.
• VY Canis Majoris is the largest known star in our galaxy, if this star was in the center of our solar system it would reach the orbit of Saturn.
• One of the smallest known stars in the galaxy is VB 10, it is only around 20% larger than Jupiter.
• Some large stars may only exist for a few million years while very small stars can exist for trillions of years.The lifespan of our own star, the Sun, is around 10 billion years.
• Supernovas are explosions generated by large stars when they come to the end of their lifespan.
Facts about STARS
• There are only around 2,500 stars visible to the naked eye at any one time in the night sky.The nearest star to our solar system is Proxima Centauri which is 4.2 light years away.The Sun is part of a single star system but there are also binary and multiple stars where 2 or more stars orbit around each other.
• Stars are born inside clouds of gas and dust known as nebulas which exist throughout the galaxy. Some nebulas form from the gravitational collapse of gas in the interstellar medium while others are the result of the death throws of a massive star.
• Hydrogen clumps together inside these clouds of gas growing ever larger and hotter until eventually the early stage of a star called a Protostar is formed. As gravity collapses the Protostar even more, temperatures in its core become hot enoughto trigger nuclear fusion. The star is now fusing hydrogen atoms together in its core creating an enormous amount of energy. The star is now in the stage known as its main sequence and depending on its size could remain in this state for billions or possibly even trillions of years.
FASCINATING AND UNBELIVABLE FACT
• DO YOU KNOW WHY SUN ,THE BRIGHTEST STAR ALWAYS SHINE IN THE SPACE?
A. BECAUSE INSIDE THE SUN 16 BILLION GOLD IS THERE.WE CAN BECOME A BILLONAIRE ALL OVER THE WORLD.
DONE BY:N.ANIRUDH GUPTA
VIII DST.MICHAEL’S SCHOOL.