stars life cycle by: dyshelle and khushbu. star formation after a billions years when the molecules...
TRANSCRIPT
Stars Life Cycle
By: Dyshelle and Khushbu
Star Formation
After a billions years when the molecules of hydrogen that are floating in space, that come together to have enough mass and then they fuse together into a protostar. Star are formed when clouds of gas and dust collapse together. A star birthplace is a nebula. The low density clouds made of interstellar dust and the gas are the materials that help form a star. When many clouds start pushing in gas and the clouds start to collapse. The increase in the temperature would cause the arms to fuse together into helium and form a protostar.
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High-mass Low-mass
The amount of energy is determined by how much hydrogen and helium convert to the star. This process is call Nuclear Reaction Rate. The reaction depends on the temperature and the density. How fast the helium is produce by carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle. Then the CNO dominates the total energy production stars in massive in twice the solar mass. For lower-mass stars the proton-proton dominates the generation of energy.
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Black DwarfA Black Dwarf is a White Dwarf cooled off and cannot produce
light anymore. No Black Dwarf are expected to exist in our universe because the amount of time required for a White Dwarf to reach this stage is the age of the universe right now.
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Black HoleBlack holes are the end points of stars that have at least 10-15
times more mass than the sun. A black hole is a gratuities relentless pull. The black holes have so much concentrated mass that they have a large amount of gravity and everything.
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Brown DwarfA Brown Dwarf is an object in space that is bigger than planets,
but it isn’t a true star. The first Brown Dwarf was discovered by a team of European astronomers. This star has a volume as much as Jupiter. The mass of a Brown Dwarfs is too less to be a star and too much to be a planet. Brown Dwarf were first mistaken as a failed star.
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Helium and Hydrogen Fusion
Helium Fusion is a type of nuclear fusion in anion the nuclei is helium. Helium fusion occurs when the hydrogen molecules finish in a star and helium atoms. It is a part of a process called stellar nucleosy thesis. Hydrogen fusion involves four hydrogen nuclei’s and two electrons to turn it into a helium nucleus. When hydrogen molecules fuse together the stars energy is produced.
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Main Sequence Star
Sun, Sirius and Alpha Centauri A and B are all examples of main sequence stars. Main sequence stars have the mass between 0.075 and 8 solar mass. Main sequence stars get their energy by converting hydrogen into helium. Main sequence stars with more mass are brighter than the stars with less mass. Main sequence stars with less mass have longer lives than stars wit0.075 and 8 solar mass more mass.
http://news.softpedia.com/news/Birth-of-a-Star-Caught-on-Images-72446.shtml
http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/workx/starlife/StarpageS_26M.html
Nebula and Neutron StarA nebula is made up of hydrogen gas and plasma. A nebula is an
interstellar cloud of dust. Nebulas are created by the formation and destruction of stars. Two most common types of nebulas are planetary and diffuse nebulas. A neutron star is made of only neutrons and it is a huge nucleus held together by gravity. The mass of a neutron star is 1.4 to 5 times the mass of the sun. They are mostly left over of massive stars that explode as a supernova. Are possible ends of stars.
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Planetary NebulaPlanetary Nebula is a nebula made up of gas and plasma.
Planetary Nebula is made of a certain types of stars when they die. They don’t last as long stars do. They only last about ten thousand years. Planetary Nebula aren’t very bright. They look like gas giants and that why people call them “Planetary Nebula”. A Planetary Nebula can only be made by an star with 8 solar masses will supernova. There about 3,000 of these nebula in our galaxy.
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http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ngc2392.jpg http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NGC6543.jpg
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Protostar
A protostar is a large object made out of gas of a giant molecular cloud in the interstellar medium. The protostellar phase is an early stage in the process of star formation. For a one solar-mass star it lasts about 100,000 years. It starts with a core of increased density in a molecular cloud and ends with the formation of a T Tauri Star, which develops in the main sequence.
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Red Giant A red giant is a very big star that weight one-half bigger than the
sun. All new stars change hydrogen to helium through nuclear fusion. All of the hydrogen at the center has changed to helium. This causes the nuclear reaction to stop. This makes the layer just outside the center get hotter. This layer still has hydrogen. This hydrogen will fuse to make helium. The energy will be spread over a much larger area. Then the temperature of the surface will go down and the color will change to red or orange. In time, most red giants will become white dwarfs. Very large red giants become neutron stars or black holes.
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images.astronet.ru/.../rsoph_pparc.jpg escuadrondelaverdad.files.wordpress.com/2009/...
SupernovaA supernova is when a very big star explodes. This happens when
a star totally runs out of energy to make heat and light. They are very big and because of gravity they press on their centers very hard and use up their energy very quickly, so they usually only live for a few million years. Then they become a black hole or a neutron star. Small stars do not explode. They cool and shrink down into a white dwarf star. Supernovas are very big explosion. Supernova explosions happen rarely.
academics.skidmore.edu/.../scheng/Supernova.jpg snews.bnl.gov/popsci/crab.jpg
www.waynesthisandthat.com/.../apcatseyelarge.jpg www.dailygalaxy.com/.../01/09/supernovas.jpg
White DwarfA white dwarf is a star. The color of a white dwarf is like most
other stars, but not as bright. White Dwarfs were discovered in the 19th century, and the first ones found were white. White dwarfs are not very bright because they are smaller than many brighter stars and not because they are cold. Some white dwarfs are blue, instead of white. Many white dwarfs are about the same size as the Earth, and about 100 times smaller than the Sun. They may weigh the same as the sun, which would make them very dense. Because white dwarfs are extremely small, it takes them a long time to cool down.
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geology.com/.../white-dwarf.jpg www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/images/content/2...
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Citations• http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula • http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_star • http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/pulsars.html • http://archive.ncsa.illinois.edu/Cyberia/Bima/StarForm.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_giant• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostar• http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula• http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/HighMass-Stars-versus-LowMass-St
ars.topicArticleId-23583,articleId-23551.html