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Stimulate 4, October 2004, VUB Brussel

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Different roles are possible, we will act as intermediaries, so communication with the customer is very important.

The customer always acts (too) late, is in a hurry

“Keep cool” take your time to prepare your search actions, don’t “jump” in the system, unless you are very experienced, it will cost extra time & money and probably not give proper results

Try to understand the customer fully, ask questions if the problem/subject is not fully clear


- To find the correct database you can use- Manuals, data sheets- System Help like - Quest Topic or Dialindex - Database of databases / Gale Database (Dialog)

-


What is the best way to search?

How to define search terms and how to combine these into a search profile by applying the search functions;

How the EINS-GEM search interface works on databases.

Define the search strategy Define search termsSelect databases to be used (tomorrow)Search methods within information resourcesConstruct a search profile

Search in databases EINS-GEM databases

Searching


The search strategy is the methodology for consulting the right information resources for your subject.

Defining search terms Invent them yourself, ask clientRefer to an encyclopedia, source publication, or index of information resourcesUse thesaurus or classification

Select the databases to be used Use catalogs, Gale directory online, or Questindex (or Dialindex etc.)(on the second day!)

Search methods within information resources

Boolean logic (AND, OR and NOT)Search on word proximityWild-card (truncate) search terms

Constructing a search profile Combine search terms with search functions within the information resource

Defining a search strategy


Search terms are words, codes or numbers that you type in a search within a database. Search terms can be defined in different ways:

Invent them yourself -formulate your query as specifically as possible -Name aspects / elements of your subject and think of synonyms

Using a dictionary and / or encyclopaedia

-Look up words in a technical dictionary or a list of terms-Translate words using a (online) translation dictionary-Use terminology sites on Internet

Use thesaurus or classification

-Available either online or in print

Using indexes from databases

-Example from the “EAUDOC" database-Use analysis of a Quick and Dirty search-Zoom command only available at EINS !

Defining Search Terms (1)


AFRIQUE DU NORD67

AFRIQUE DE SUD2

AFRIQUE DE L.OUEST1

AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, SENEGAL, NIGER, BURKINA FASO, TCHAD1

AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST20

AFRIQUE DE L'EST6

AFRIQUE DE L' EST1

AFRIQUE DE L OUEST164

AFRIQUE DE L EST28

AFRIQUE CENTRALE50

AFRIQUE AUSTRALE,MALAWI,MOZAMBQUE,NAMIBIE,ZAMBIE,ZIMBABWE1

AFRIQUE AUSTRALE1

AFRIQUE1579

AFRIKAANDER1

AFRIKA1

Index-TermItems

AFRIQUE DU NORD67

AFRIQUE DE SUD2

AFRIQUE DE L.OUEST1



AFRIQUE DE L'EST6

AFRIQUE DE L' EST1


AFRIQUE DE L EST28

AFRIQUE CENTRALE50


AFRIQUE AUSTRALE1

AFRIQUE1579

AFRIKAANDER1

AFRIKA1

Index-TermItems

AFRIQUE DU NORD67

AFRIQUE DE SUD2

AFRIQUE DE L.OUEST1



AFRIQUE DE L'EST6

AFRIQUE DE L' EST1


AFRIQUE DE L EST28

AFRIQUE CENTRALE50


AFRIQUE AUSTRALE1

AFRIQUE1292

AFRICAINE38

AFRICAIN1

Index-TermItems

AFRIQUE DU NORD67

AFRIQUE DE SUD2

AFRIQUE DE L.OUEST1



AFRIQUE DE L'EST6

AFRIQUE DE L' EST1


AFRIQUE DE L EST28

AFRIQUE CENTRALE50


AFRIQUE AUSTRALE1

AFRIQUE1292

AFRICAINE38

AFRICAIN1

Index-TermItems

Controlled termsBasic Index

Indexes from EAUDOC

The Basic Index for EAUDOC consists of the Title (TI), Controlled Terms (CT) and the Abstract (AB). If no access code is specified then all of these codes, belonging to the Basic Index, are included in Expand and Select commands, eg S AFRIQUE means select the word “Afrique“ in the title, controlled terms and the abstract.


AFRIQUE DU NORD67

AFRIQUE DE SUD2

AFRIQUE DE L.OUEST1



AFRIQUE DE L'EST6

AFRIQUE DE L' EST1


AFRIQUE DE L EST28

AFRIQUE CENTRALE50


AFRIQUE AUSTRALE1

AFRIQUE1579

AFRIKAANDER1

AFRIKA1

Index-TermItems

AFRIQUE DU NORD67

AFRIQUE DE SUD2

AFRIQUE DE L.OUEST1



AFRIQUE DE L'EST6

AFRIQUE DE L' EST1


AFRIQUE DE L EST28

AFRIQUE CENTRALE50


AFRIQUE AUSTRALE1

AFRIQUE1579

AFRIKAANDER1

AFRIKA1

Index-TermItems

AGAINST45

AGADIR6

AGADEZ1

AGADES1

AG112

AFYON1

AFVALSTOFFENANALYSE1

AFTS1

AFTERSTORM1

AFTERMATH1

AFTERGROWTH1

AFRO6

AFRIQUE407

AFRIKA1

AFRICANA1

Index-TermItems

AGAINST45

AGADIR6

AGADEZ1

AGADES1

AG112

AFYON1

AFVALSTOFFENANALYSE1

AFTS1

AFTERSTORM1

AFTERMATH1

AFTERGROWTH1

AFRO6

AFRIQUE407

AFRIKA1

AFRICANA1

Index-TermItems

AGAR14

AGAINTS1

AGAINST48

AGAIN2

AGADIR5

AGADHII1

AGADEZ1

AG67

AFUNCTION1

AFTERWARDS1

AFRO2

AFRIQUEAMERIQUE1

AFRIQUE613

AFRIKAANDER1

AFRICAN19

Index-TermItems

AGAR14

AGAINTS1

AGAINST48

AGAIN2

AGADIR5

AGADHII1

AGADEZ1

AG67

AFUNCTION1

AFTERWARDS1

AFRO2

AFRIQUEAMERIQUE1

AFRIQUE613

AFRIKAANDER1

AFRICAN19

Index-TermItems

Basic Index

Title wordsAbstract

Indexes from EAUDOC


General problems with “Words”Causes

Different languages Jargon Spelling (UK, US) Synonyms Ambiguity, Homonyms Nouns & Verbal forms


Using a source publication

Information from a source publication:- Pay particular attention to important terms in the title, paragraph headings and paragraphs- List of references / bibliographyInformation about a source publication:- Which classification codes and key words were used in the information source of a source publication

Defining Search Terms (2)


Information from a source publication (1)

You can use the following elements from the source publication to find more information: Author's names Names of organisations and institutes where these authors work Important terms from the text can be used as search words in the information sources. The words used in the summary, the title and paragraph headings are particularly useful. Another possibility to find search terms is to check those key words or classification codes provided by the publication in the different information sources.

Citation databases hold information as to whom cites which journal article. Assuming the citing author is an expert in the subject matter, the author's name and the cited title will generally lead to other experts in the field and to more recent publications.A typical citation database is Web of Science or Scisearch (114 or 115.

Using Citation databases


Information from a source publication (2)

Using the bibliography/references

Select potentially interesting information from the bibliography of a source publication, for instance, relevant article content or title.Review these documents and, if necessary, use the literature mentioned in the articles. This is called the "snowball" method.You can also use the bibliography to make an inventory of author's names, organisations, institutes, and regularly listed publications, which could be an indication to their close association with the subject matter.

Advantage Simple method

Disadvantage This way of working takes you back in time and could result in information that is less relevant to your subject. Important To find a publication listed in a bibliography, it is important to establish the type of document as this dictates which information source must be used in the search.


In general you can:

Combine search terms Search with combinations of "AND", "OR" and "NOT" Using brackets in search commandsAdvantage and disadvantage of this method.

Search for adjacent terms in the text

Search on word proximity.

Truncate search terms Truncation (enter word stem plus truncation sign)Advantages and disadvantages of this method

General search possibilities in databases


Native Number :139:137011 GCA Example from Chemical Abstracts

Title :Effects of Sr-modification and melt cleanliness on melt hydrogen absorption of 319 aluminium alloy

Author(s) :Shabestari, S. G.; Miresmaeili, S. M.; Boutorabi, S. M. A.

Corporate Source :Department of Materials and Metallurgical Eng., Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Source : Journal of Materials Science (2003), 38(9), 1901-1907 CODEN: JMTSAS; ISSN: 0022-2461

Publisher :Kluwer Academic Publishers

Document Type : Journal

Language :English

CA Classification Codes :56-12 (Nonferrous Metals and Alloys)

Uncontrolled Terms (CA Keywords) : strontium melt cleanliness hydrogen absorption aluminum alloy hydroxide alloying

CA Index Terms :Absorption (effects of Sr-modification and melt cleanliness on melt hydrogen absorption of 319 aluminum alloy)

CA Index Terms :Hydrides Hydroxides (inorganic) Oxides (inorganic), formation (nonpreparative) (effects of Sr-modification and melt cleanliness on melt hydrogen absorption of 319 aluminum alloy)

CA Index Terms :1333-74-0, Hydrogen, properties (absorption in aluminum alloy melt; effects of Sr-modification and melt cleanliness on melt hydrogen absorption of 319 aluminum alloy)

CA Index Terms :12068-51-8, Aluminum magnesium oxide (Al2MgO4) 13598-33-9, Strontium hydride (SrH2) 18480-07-4, Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2) (effects of Sr-modification and melt cleanliness on melt hydrogen absorption of 319 aluminum alloy)

CA Index Terms :7440-24-6, Strontium, uses (effects of Sr-modification and melt cleanliness on melt hydrogen absorption of 319 aluminum alloy)

CA Index Terms :12773-44-3, AA 319 (effects of Sr-modification and melt cleanliness on melt hydrogen absorption of 319 aluminum alloy)


Native Number : 139:385470 GCA Example from Chemical AbstractsTitle : Apparatus for anaerobic water treatment with granular anaerobic

microorganism

Inventor(s) : Kitagawa, Mikio

Patent Assignee : Kurita Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japan

Source : Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, 6 pp. CODEN: JKXXAF

Document Type : Patent

Language : Japanese

Patent Information : JP 2003326294 A2 20031118

Application Information

: JP 2002-139455 20020515

International Patent Classification

: ICM C02F003-28

CA Classification Codes

: 60-1 (Waste Treatment and Disposal) Section cross-reference(s): 61

Uncontrolled Terms (CA Keywords)

: anaerobic microorganism wastewater treatment water purifn app

CA Index Terms : Microorganism Wastewater treatment (anaerobic; app. for anaerobic water treatment with granular anaerobic microorganism)

CA Index Terms : Biochemical oxygen demand (app. for anaerobic water treatment with granular anaerobic microorganism)

CA Index Terms : Wastewater treatment Water purification (app.; app. for anaerobic water treatment with granular anaerobic microorganism)


Native Number 2004027484 AQUALINE Example from Aqualine Title Affordable and effective information management

Author(s) Heijnen, H; Parker, S 18

Corporate Source IRC, International Water & Sanitation Centre, The Hague, Netherlands

Source Affordable Water Supply and Sanitation. Proceedings 20th WEDC Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka. pp. 73-76. 1994.

Document Type Book; Conference

Document Number 199502517

Language English

Abstract The failure of many of the information management schemes in the water sector in developing countries to achieve the aims for which they were set up is discussed. After the initial phase in which external agencies were actively involved in the creation of the necessary facilities, there was a period of gradual decline as the parent body lost interest or failed to provide the needed technical and financial backing. Several case histories, such as the documentation centre in Guinea Bissau, the MAJIDOC network in Tanzania and the WASIN network in Indonesia, are cited as examples of a loss of momentum and a slow run-down in the effectiveness of such institutions. Against this discouraging background the importance of such information services for the hydrologist, the water resource specialist and the providers of water and sanitary facilities in developing countries is re-emphasized, and sustained effort in the funding, staffing and development of such services is called for.

Classification Code 00001 Water Resources and Supplies

Controlled Terms Activity; Aims; Background levels; Case histories; Declining rate; Developing countries; Efficiency; Finance; Hydrology; Momentum; Personnel; Sanitation; Services; Specialist; Water; Water resources; Guinea; Indonesia; Tanzania; International


File 74:AQUALINE:1960‑ SET ITEMS DESCRIPTION +=OR;*=AND;‑=NOT‑‑‑ ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑? e water resour/ct EXPAND WATER RESOUR/CTREF ITEMS INDEX‑TERM T RTE1 1 WATER REMEDIATIONE2 1 WATER RESERVESE3 * WATER RESOURE4 2580 WATER RESOURCESE5 592 WATER RESOURCES BULLLETINE6 70 WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENTE7 101 WATER RESOURCES PLANNINGE8 3 WATER RETENTION BASINSE9 190 WATER SE10 2 WATER SAMPLESE11 63 WATER SAVINGE12 18 WATER SEALSE13 9 WATER SERVICE COMPANIESE14 1 WATER SERVICES COMPANIESE15 99 WATER SHORTAGEE16 2 WATER SIDEE17 4 WATER SKIINGE18 79 WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONSE19 3 WATER SPACE...Pages.Lines: More= 12.8


Constructing a search profileYou construct a search profile by combining the search terms with the search functions of the information source in which you will be searching.The following type of scheme might be helpful

Aspects

and

Synonyms

Or

Bees Dance? Communicati?

Honey bee?

(Honey(w)bee?)

Pheromone? Information(w)transfer

Apis Mellifica

(Apis Mellifera)

Feromone? Information(w) flow

Abeille

Question on bees and communication


Summary of commands

COMMAND ABBR. DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

To enter a database BEGIN B Closes current database and enters a new one B INSPEC

B 8

To search a database SELECT

S Retrieve term/s; creating a set Links terms or set numbers together with Boolean Operators to define a subject Limits a search by year/s or fields

S ANTENNA S MERCURY OR HG S (1 OR 2) AND 3 S 1/1999-2001 S ANTENNA/CT

BOOLEAN OPERATORS OR, AND, NOT


Boolean ConceptsEach circle represents a different subject concept

A and BAND(linked term)

Finds citations containing both

A or B OR(alternative terms)

Finds citations containing at least one

A not B NOT(excluded terms)

Finds citations which contain A but not B


Command lines

select Bees or Honey bee? or Apis Mellifica or (Apis Mellifera) or Abeille?

(Honey(w)bee?) (Apis Mellife?a)

Gives set 1

select Dance? or Pheromone? or Feromone?

Gives set 2

select Communicati? or Information(w)transfer or Information(w)flow

Gives set 3

Combine 1 and 2 and 3

Gives set 4 ( and probably the answer to your question) ;-) or


Summary of commands

EXPAND E Examines sections of the database's alphabetic dictionary or specific indexes. To view a database's online thesaurus (if available) expand the term using the suffix CT.

E WIDEBAND E SUTCLIFFE/AU E WIDEBAND/CT

LIMIT ALL L ALL Limits all subsequent sets to the specified part of the database

L ALL/200 L ALL/TI

DISPLAY SETS DS Lists sets created DS

LOGOFF Ends your online session. LOGOFF

LOOKING AT REFERENCES There are a number of options. When using TYPE and PRINT commands you must specify: SET NUMBER/FORMAT/RANGE OF REFERENCES

COMMAND DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

TYPE Sends references to your terminal. You should capture them to a printer or disk.

T 1/A/1,3-5

PRINT Order output to be sent to an email address. PR 2/R/1-5 [email protected]


FORMATS: The abbreviation MUST always be used

FORMAT ABBR DISPLAY

SCAN S Titles

BROWSE B Titles, Indexing Terms (Controlled and Uncontrolled Terms), Classification Codes

BROWSE PLUS ABSTRACT

BA Titles, Indexing Terms (Controlled and Uncontrolled Terms), Classification Codes, Language Codes plus Abstract

REFERENCE R Titles, Authors, Corporate Source, Bibliographic (Source) Details

ALL A Complete reference

Summary of commands


Truncation of search terms

Means that you only type the word stem (= trunc) followed by a truncation sign. (? For EINS) The system will automatically put the likely word combinations in the "OR" relation

Right truncation For right truncation you type the first part of the search term followed by a truncation sign (this is also useful for the plural form).Examples:

Hydrolog? will result inhydrology of hydrological or hydrologically or …

Left truncation ( only available in a few systems) For left truncation you first type the truncation sign, directly followed by the last part of the search term. …

Centre truncation or masking For centre truncation you put the truncation sign somewhere within the typed search term.Examples:

Wom?n will result inwoman or women

Organi?ation will result inorganisation or organization


Advantages and disadvantages of truncation

Advantages: Using truncation saves a lot of typing Truncation can result in word combinations which you had

not thought of before

Disadvantages: Using truncation could result in undesired information. For

instance, you are interested in literature on automation and when you type "auto*" you will also find information on cars.So, when using right truncation, place the truncation sign as far to the right as possible!

Truncation signs and their denotation could differ per host.


Summary of commands

TRUNCATION

COMMANDDESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

? Unlimited truncation S ENGINE?

? ? Limits to the stem plus up to 1 additional character S ENGINE? ?

?? ? Limits to the stem plus up to 2 additional characters S ENGINE?? ?

??? ? Limits to the stem plus up to 3 additional characters S ENGINE??? ?

? Masking characters S WOM?N


ZOOM Z Analyses and ranks Indexing terms (Controlled & Uncontrolled terms) used in the previous set

Z

ZOOM n Z n Analyses and ranks Indexing terms (Controlled & Uncontrolled Terms) used in set "n"

Z 4

ZOOM CT Z CT Lists Controlled terms from the previous set Z CT

ZOOM (200) Z 200 Analyses and ranks Indexing terms (Controlled & Uncontrolled Terms) used in 200 references from the previous set

Z 200

ZOOM 1 (200) CT

Z 1 (200) CT

Lists 200 Controlled terms from set 1 Z 1 (200) CT

Summary of commands


Summary of commands

POSITIONAL OPERATORS

COMMAND DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

(W)Words in the order stated (phrases)

S AXLE(W)STEERING

(1W)Words, in the order stated, with up to 1 word intervening

S FLAT(1W)DISPLAY? ?

(2W)Words, in the order stated, with up to 2 words intervening

S STATE(2W)ART

(N) Adjacent words in any order S FIBRE?(N)OPTIC?

(1N)Words, in any order, with up to 1 word intervening

S AIR(1N)FILTER?

(2N)Words, in any order, with up to 2 words intervening

S CORRO?(2N)SHIP? ?

(S) Words in the same sentence S PACKAG?(S)APPLE? ?

(F) Words in the same field S APOLLO(F)SOYUZ


REMOVE DUPLICATES

RD Removes duplicates in clusters RD

DELETE DEL Deletes specified sets (include last set) DELETE 1-5

SAVE Creates a permanently saved search. You can assign a name.

SAVE SMITH

SAVE A Creates an SDI Alert. You can assign a name. SAVE A JONES

Summary of commands


Digital Object Identifier (DOI)Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) are now available as a separate field in the following databases: Psychinfo, CAB and Global Health. The DOI will offer a direct link to the full text of e.g. journal articles via Medra, a service offered by Cineca. It is expected that in the course of 2004 more databases will become available with a separate field for the DOI. Most of the direct links to

the full text have a charge or require a subscription.

To see an example, please use the command e(xpand) 10/doi in one of the above mentioned databases.


1. Define the topic2. Break it down into component concepts3. Decide on the words/phrases to describe concepts

Think of possible alternatives:terminologyspellingsynonyms

4. Decide on relationships including TRUNCATION5. Try out the search6. Display results7. Refine search if necessary

BROADENput alternativesreduce number of linked termschange terminology

NARROW link termsadd termschange terminology

Search Strategy Checklist

start searching online databases step by step. stimulate 4, october 2004, vub brussel start...

Documents

search profile search

search functions

search methods

dirty search

search actions

search termsinvent

vub brussel search terms

search strategy slide