starter s-105 1.how many grams of copper (ii) chloride are in 3.83 x 10 21 formula units?

Starter S-105

1. How many grams of copper (II) chloride are in 3.83 x 1021 formula units?

Chemical Reactions

Chapter 11

11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions

Chapter 11

Writing Chemical Reactions

Word Equations – gives the names of compounds and elements in the equation

reactants products

Reactants – compounds and elements before the reaction

Products – compounds and elements after the reaction


Different compounds, or elements are separated by a plus sign

Copper + Oxygen Copper (II) Oxide

These are often converted from descriptions of the reaction


When antiseptic hydrogen peroxide is put in an open cut bubbles of oxygen form rapidly. Water is also produced.

Reaction – reactants

hydrogen peroxide


When antiseptic hydrogen peroxide in an open cut bubbles of oxygen from rapidly. Water is also produced.

Reaction – products

hydrogen peroxide


When antiseptic hydrogen peroxide in an open cut bubbles of oxygen from rapidly. Water is also produced.


hydrogen peroxide oxygen + water


When a stove burner is lit, methane gas reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.

Reaction – reactants

methane gas + oxygen


When a stove burner is lit, methane gas reacts with oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.


methane gas + oxygen


When a stove burner is lit, methane gas reacts with oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.


methane gas + oxygen carbon dioxide + water


Chemical Equations – replace the names of compounds and elements with the chemical formula

hydrogen peroxide oxygen + water

H2O2 O2 + H2O

Remember diatomic elements


methane gas + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O


Usually the state of

each compound

or element is

given beside the

formula

CH4(g)+ O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Solid (s)

Liquid (l)

Gas (g)

Aqueous (aq)


Starter S-106

When solutions of potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate are mixed in a beaker, a brilliant yellow solid is formed. This solid when analyzed turns out to be lead (II) iodide. Further analysis shows that potassium nitrate is now dissolved in the water.

A. Write the word equation.

B. Write the chemical equation

Balancing Chemical Equations – both sides of a chemical equation have the same number of each atom

Mass is conserved


Balancing Demo

Example

Al + O2 Al2O3

1. Write elements on each side and how many of each are present


Example

Al + O2 Al2O3

Al – 1 Al – 2

O – 2 O – 3

2. Add one element at a time to the side that doesn’t have enough


Al

Al + O2 Al2O3

Al – 2 Al – 2

O – 2 O – 3


Al O2

Al + O2 Al2O3

Al – 2 Al – 2

O – 4 O – 3


Al O2 Al2O3

Al + O2 Al2O3

Al – 2 Al – 4

O – 4 O – 6


Al,Al,Al O2 Al2O3

Al + O2 Al2O3

Al – 4 Al – 4

O – 4 O – 6


Al,Al,Al O2,O2 Al2O3

Al + O2 Al2O3

Al – 4 Al – 4

O – 6 O – 6

Balanced

3. Count the number of each compound or element – write a coefficient for each


4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3


Balance the following equationsA. Cu + AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + Ag


Balance the following equationsA. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

B. FeCl3 + NaOH Fe(OH)3 + NaCl



B. FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl

C. CS2 + Cl2 CCl4 + S2Cl2




C. CS2 + 3Cl2 CCl4 + S2Cl2D. AgNO3 + H2S Ag2S + HNO3




C. CS2 + 3Cl2 CCl4 + S2Cl2D. 2AgNO3 + H2S Ag2S + 2HNO3

E. Zn(OH)2 + H3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + H2O





E. 3Zn(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + 6H2O

F. Fe2O3 + H2 Fe + H2O





E. 3Zn(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + 6H2O

F. Fe2O3 + 3H2 2Fe + 3H2O


Starter S-107

1. Balance

C6H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

CH3CH2OH + O2 CO2 + H2O

11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions

Chapter 11

11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions

You will need to know and predict the product for 6 types of chemical reactions

1. SynthesisForm

Example


Synthesis

ABBA

)(2)(2)(2 22 ggg OHOH


2. DecompositionForm

Example


Decomposition

BAAB

)(2)(2)(2 22 ggyelectricit

g OHOH


3. Single Replacement ReactionForm

Example

For metals, the reactions occurs if

the metal is more reactive than the

the one in the compound


Single

ACBBCA

)(23)()(23)( )()( aqsaqs NOZnCuNOCuZn


4. Double Replacement ReactionForm

Example


Double

CBADCDAB

)(3)()(23)(2 2)( aqsaqaq NaNOCdSNOCdSNa


5. Combustion ReactionForm

Example


Combustion

BOAOOAB 2

OHCOOHC ggl 2)(2)(2)(188 1816252


6. Acid/Base Neutralization ReactionForm

Example

The substance AB is called a

Chemical Salt


Acid Base

OHABBOHHA 2

)(2)()()( laqaqaq OHNaClNaOHHCl

11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions

Reactions are predicted based on recognizing forms.

Starter S-110

What type of reaction is this?

CaCl2 + Pb(NO3)2

Write the complete balanced equation


Reaction

AgNO3 + NaCl

Type:

Double Replacement

Products:

AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3

Balanced:

AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3


Reaction

Pb + AgNO3

Type:

Single Replacement

Products:

Pb + AgNO3 Ag + Pb(NO3)2

Balanced:

Pb + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Pb(NO3)2


Reaction

FeCl3 + KOH

Type:

Double Replacement

Products:

FeCl3 + KOH Fe(OH)3 + KCl

Balanced:

FeCl3 + 3KOH Fe(OH)3 + 3KCl


Reaction

NaOH + H2SO4

Type:

Acid Base Neutralization

Products:

NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O

Balanced:

2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O


Reaction

C2H8 + O2

Type:

Combustion

Products:

C2H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Balanced:

C2H8 + 4O2 2CO2 + 4H2O


Reaction

NH3

Type:

Decomposition

Products:

NH3 N2 + H2

Balanced:

2NH3 N2 + 3H2


Reaction

Bi(NO3)3 + H2S

Type:

Double Replacement

Products:

Bi(NO3)3 + H2S Bi2S3 + HNO3

Balanced:

2Bi(NO3)3 + 3H2S Bi2S3 + 6HNO3

Starter S-111

What type of reaction is

Fe + CuCl2

Write and balance the reaction

11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Chapter 11


Many reactions take place in water – aqueous

For example, the reaction of Silver Nitrate and Sodium Chloride

But in a solution, most ionic compounds have dissociated to form ions

11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution

)(3)()()(3 aqsaqaq NaNOAgClNaClAgNO


That is they are really in this form

This is called the Complete Ionic Equation

Notice – the solid is not broken into ions, only what is in solution


)(3)()()(3 aqsaqaq NaNOAgClNaClAgNO

)(3)()()()()(3)( aqaqsaqaqaqaq NONaAgClClNaNOAg


Look carefully at the equation

There are Na+ and NO3- ions that stay the

same

These are called Spectator Ions

A Net Ionic Equation shows only ions that actually do something in a reaction


)(3)()()()()(3)( aqaqsaqaqaqaq NONaAgClClNaNOAg


Net Ionic Equation

Try this one


)(3)()()()()(3)( aqaqsaqaqaqaq NONaAgClClNaNOAg )()()( saqaq AgClClAg

)(23)()(3)( )(22 aqsaqs NOPbAgAgNOPb )(32)()()(3)()( 2222 aqaqsaqaqs NOPbAgNOAgPb 2)()()()( 22 aqsaqs PbAgAgPb


Practice

Equation

Compete Ionic Equations

Net Ionic Equation


)(4)()(3)(43 3 saqaqaq FePONaClFeClPONa

)(4)()()(3)(

3)(4)( 3333 saqaqaqaqaqaq FePOClNaClFePONa

)(43)(

3)(4 saqaq FePOFePO

Starter S-112

Write the complete ionic and net ionic equations for

Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NaNO3(aq)

Complete IonicFe+3

(aq)+3NO3-(aq) + 3Na+

(aq)+3OH-(aq) Fe(OH)3(s)+ 3Na+

(aq)+3NO3-(aq)

Net Ionic

Fe+3(aq)+3OH-

(aq) Fe(OH)3(s)


Precipitate – separates from a solution as a solid

Predicted using a solubility

chart

In the reaction

Is either product a solid?


3)()(3 NaNOAgClNaClAgNO aqaq

Chart


AgCl – insoluble

NaNO3




AgCl – insoluble - solid

NaNO3





NaNO3 – soluble





NaNO3 – soluble - aqueous



starter s-105 1.how many grams of copper (ii) chloride are in 3.83 x 10 21 formula units?

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