state: new jersey compiled by: doreen harris · pathogenicity (lp) virus fowl plague avian...

STATE: New Jersey

Compiled by: Doreen Harris

Date compiled: 1 December 2010

Updated: 1 October 2012

http://www.state.nj.us/agriculture/rule2211.pdf

DISEASE Agent Common name Etiologic agentPrimary species

affectedTransmission Zoonotic FAD

USDA/

APHISQuarantine

Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N

Abalone viral

ganglioneuritisVirus

AVG, Abalone viral

mortality

Abalone herpes-like

virus, not fully

classified, suggested

family

Malacoherpesviridae

Greenlip and

blacklip abalone

Direct contact;

contaminated waterN Y Y Y

Aflatoxin ToxinMycotoxin produced by

Aspergillus spp.All species Ingestion

Y - (humans

susceptible but

do not contract

from animals)

N N N

African horse sickness Virus

AHS, Perdesiekte,

Pestis Equorum, La

Peste Equina

African horse sickness

virus (AHSV), genus

Orbivirus , family

Reoviridae

Equids (horses,

mules, donkeys,

zebra); zebras are

likely reservoir;

canids; Ab have

been found in

camels, African

elephants, black

and white

rhinoceros

Insect vector

(midges); ingestion of

infected horse meat

(canids); virus found

in viscera, blood,

nearly all secretions,

excretions during

viremia but role in

transmission unknown

N Y Y Y

African swine fever Virus

ASF, Peste porcine

Africaine, fiebra

porcina Africana,

maladie de

Montgomery

African swine fever

virus, genus Asfivirus ,

family Asfarviridae

Suids; African

wild swine (bush

pigs, warthogs,

giant forest hogs)

are likely reservoir

Ingestion of infected

pork; direct and

indirect contact (with

blood and secretions);

fomites; insect vector

(ticks)

N Y Y Y

Anaplasmosis Bacteria Anaplasma spp.

Cattle, sheep,

goats, deer, cats,

dogs

Insect vector (ticks) Y N N N

Anthrax Bacteria Bacillus anthracis

All mammals and

some avians

susceptible

Ingestion; inhalation;

direct contact; entry

via skin wounds

Y N Y Y

In addition to the diseases listed all other foreign animal diseases and emerging diseases listed by the OIE must also be reported.

For additional information on reportable animal diseases in New Jersey visit:

http://www.state.nj.us/agriculture/rule2211.pdf

Aujeszky's disease Virus Pseudorabies

Aujeszky's disease

virus, genus

Varicellovirus , family

Herpesviridae

Primarily suids;

most mammals

susceptible

(bovids, canids,

caprids, felids,

ovids)

Direct contact;

inhalation; ingestion;

fomites; vertical

transmission possible

N N Y Y

Avian chlamydiosis BacteriaPsittacosis, Ornithosis,

Parrot feverChlamydophila psittaci Avian

Contact with

infectious material;


insect vectors may

play a role; vertical


Y N Y Y

Avian infectious

bronchitisVirus IB

Infectious bronchitis

virus, genus

Coronavirus , family

Coronaviridae

Chickens,

pheasants

Inhalation or ingestion

(infectious respiratory

secretions, feces);

fomites; direct contact

N N N Y

Avian influenza - high

pathogenicity (HP)Virus Fowl plague

Avian influenza virus,

genus Influenzavirus A,

H5 and H7 subtypes,

family Orthomyxoviridae

Avian; infrequent

infections

documented in

canids, felids,

equids, suids,

marine mammals,

mustelids,

viverrids; reported

in both domestic

and exotic

species

Contact with

infectious secretions,

feces; inhalation;

ingestion (infected

birds, contaminated

water, etc); fomites

Y Y Y Y

Avian influenza - low

pathogenicity (LP)Virus Fowl plague

Avian influenza virus,

genus Influenzavirus A ,

non-H5 and H7

subtypes, family

Orthomyxoviridae

Most avian

species

Contact with


feces; inhalation;

ingestion

(contaminated water,

etc.)

N N N N

Avian mycoplasmosis Bacteria

primarily Mycoplasma

gallisepticum , M.

synoviae

AvianDirect contact;

fomites; inhalationN N N Y

Avian pasteurellosis Bacteria Fowl cholera Pasteurella multocida Avian

Not entirely known,

but believed to be

primarily inhalation,

ingestion, insect

vector

N N N Y

Babesiosis (Bovine) Parasite

Piroplasmosis, Texas

fever, redwater, tick

fever, cattle fever,

cattle tick fever

Primarily Babesia

bovis , B. bigemina , B.

divergens

Bovids

(documented in

cattle, Asian

water buffalo,

African buffalo);

cervids

(documented in

white tailed deer,

reindeer);

Mongolian gerbils;

experimentally in

splenectomised

ungulates

Insect vector (ticks);

blood contaminated

instruments

Y - (all cases

were in people

who had prior

splenectomy)

Y Y N

Babesiosis (Equine) ParasiteEquine piroplasmosis,

biliary fever

Theileria equi, Babesia

caballiEquids Insect vector (ticks) N Y Y Y

Bacterial kidney disease BacteriaRenibacterium

salmonariumSalmonids

Direct contact with

infected fish;

contaminated water;

fomites

N N N Y

Baculovirosis Virusspherical baculovirus,

tetrahedral baculovirus

primarily Baculovirus

penaei , Baculovirus

pennaci , Penaeus

monodon- type

baculovirus, family

Baculoviridae

Penaeid shrimpIngestion;

contaminated waterN N N Y

Bluetongue VirusBT, Sore muzzle, ovine

catarrhal fever

Bluetongue virus,

genus Orbivirus , family

Reoviridae

Many artiodactyls

(documented in

bovids, caprids,

cervids, ovids);

elephants;

rhinoceros; canids

Insect vector

(midges); blood and

semen are infectious

N

Y - (non-

domestic

strains)

Y N

Bonamiosis ParasitePrimarily Bonamia

exitiosa , B. ostreaeOyster

Direct contact;

contaminated water;

possible role of

vectors

N Y Y Y

Borna disease Virus

BD, Bornasche

Krankheit, Hitzige

Kopfkrankheit der

Pferde

Borna disease virus,

genus Bornavirus ,

family Bornaviridae

Horses; sheep;

sporadic cases in

other equids,

cattle, goats,

rabbits, dogs,

cats, alpacas,

sloths, monkeys,

hippos, lynx

Direct contact with

infectious secretions;

fomites; entry via

open nerve endings

Ab have been

found in humans

but more

research needed

to determine

significance

Y Y Y

Botulism BacteriaShaker foal syndrome,

Limberneck

Primarily Clostridium

botulinum

Cattle, sheep,

horses, mink,

pigs, dogs, avian,

some fish

Direct contact;

ingestionY N Y N

Bovine ephemeral fever Virus

BEF, Three-day

stiffsickeness, bovine

epizootic fever, dragon

boat disease, Lazy

man's disease, dengue

of cattle

Bovine ephemeral fever

virus, genus

Ephemerovirus , family

Rhabdoviridae

Cattle; water

buffalo; Ab found

in various bovids,

deer, goats,

giraffe

Insect vector N Y Y N

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Virus

Infectious bovine

rhinotracheitis (IBR),

Infectious pustular

vulvovaginitis (IPV),

IBR/IPV, BoVH-1

Bovine herpesvirus 1,

genus Varicellovirus ,

family Herpesviridae,

subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, 1.2b

Cattle; other

artiodactyls

(goats, sheep,

water buffalo,

camelids) can be

infected and may

act as resevoirs

Aerosol; sexual

transmissionN N N N

Bovine spongiform

encephalopathyPrion

BSE, mad cow

disease, vaca loca

abnormal cellular

protein PrP^(res)

Bovids; felids;

primates;

experimentally in

sheep, goats,

mice, pigs, mink

Ingestion Y Y Y N

Bovine viral diarrhea VirusBVD, mucosal disease

complex

Bovine viral diarrhea

virus, genus Pestivirus ,

family Flaviviridae

Cattle; most

artiodactyls

susceptible

Vertical transmission;

direct contact with


excretions; fomites;

insect vector

N N N N

Brucellosis Bacteria

Undulant fever,

Enzootic abortion,

contagious abortion,

ovine epididymitis

Brucella abortus , B.

canis , B. ovis , B. suis ,

B. melitensis , etc.

Bovids; camelids;

canids; caprids;

cervids; ovids;

suids; marine

mammals;

species

preference often

demonstrated

Direct contact with

infectious fluids;

ingestion; fomites;

sexual and aerosol


Y N Y Y

Campylobacteriosis Bacteria

Campylobacter

enteritis, bovine genital

campylobacteriosis

Campylobacter coli , C.

jejuni , C. fetus

C. jejuni and C.

coli (cattle,

sheep, chickens,

turkeys, dogs,

cats, ferrets, pigs,

primates); C.

fetus subsp. fetus

(cattle, sheep,

goats); C. fetus

subsp. venerealis

(cattle)

Primarily ingestion

(contaminated food

and water); direct

contact with infectious

reproductive tissues;

fomites; insect vector;

sexual transmission

Y N N N

Caprine arthritis

encephalitisVirus CAE

CAE virus, genus

Lentivirus , family

Retroviridae

Caprids,

sometimes ovids

Ingestion (infectious

milk, colostrum);

fomites; possible via

contact with infected

blood

N N N Y

Channel catfish virus

diseaseVirus CCVD

channel catfish virus,

family HerpesviridaeChannel catfish

Direct contact with

infected fish;

contaminated water;

vertical transmission

N N N Y

Chitridiomycosis Fungus BdBatrachochytrium

dendrobatidis

Amphibians

(anurans and

urodeles)

Direct contact;

contaminated waterN N N

Chronic wasting disease Prion CWDabnormal cellular

protein PrP^(res)Cervids

Direct contact (blood,

saliva); environmental

contamination

N N Y Y

Classical swine fever Virus

Hog cholera, peste du

porc,

Virusschweinepest

Classical swine fever

virus, genus Pestivirus ,

family Flaviviridae

Suids

Direct contact with


excretions, blood,

semen; fomites;

inhalation (short

distances); ingestion

(contaminated feed);

transplacental and

mechanical spread

possible

N Y Y Y

Coccidioidomycosis Fungus Coccidiomycosis Coccidioides immitis

Likely can infect

all mammals; has

been reported in

dogs, llamas,

primates, cats,

horses; reptiles;

marine mammals

Inhalation; entry via

skin woundsY N Y Y

Congenital arthrogryposis-

hydranencephaly (AG/HE)Virus

Akabane disease, curly

calf disease, dummy

calf disease

Akabane virus,

(infrequently other

related arboviruses),

genus

Orthobunyavirus ,

family Bunyaviridae

Bovids; caprids;

ovids; Ab

detected in many

other species

(such as horses,

camels, buffalo,

etc.)

Insect vector (midges) N Y Y N

Contagious agalactica of

sheep and goatsBacteria Contagious agalactica

Mycoplasma spp.,

primarily Mycoplasma

agalactiae

Sheep and goats

(goats more

susceptible to

natural disease)

Ingestion (infectious

secretions,

excretions); fomites;

direct entry via teat;

inhalation

(contaminated dust)

N Y Y Y

Contagious bovine

pleuroneumoniaBacteria CBPP

Mycoplasma mycoides

subspecies mycoides

small-colony or bovine

type

Bovids (cattle,

Asian buffalo,

bison, yak);

infection without

clearly associated

pathology noted

in white-tailed

deer; sheep,

goats

Direct contact with


inhalation;

transplacental;

fomites anecdotally

N Y Y Y

Contagious caprine

pleuropneumoniaBacteria CCPP

Mycoplasma

capricolum subspecies

capripneumoniae

Caprids, ovidsInhalation of

infectious secretionsN Y Y Y

Contagious equine

metritisBacteria CEM Taylorella equigenitalis Equids

Sexual transmission;

contaminated

equipment and

instruments

N Y Y Y

Crayfish plague Parasite Aphanomyces astaci

Crayfish;

experimentally in

Chinese mitten

crab

Direct contact with

infected crayfish;

contaminated water;

fomites

N Y Y Y

Crimean-Congo

Hemorrhagic FeverVirus CCHF, Congo fever

CCHF virus, genus

Nairovirus , family

Bunyaviridae

Cattle; sheep;

goats; hares;

hedgehogs; dogs;

mice; Ab detected

in many other

mammals;

infections in

animals

asymptomatic


ingestion; entry via

skin wounds

Y Y Y Y

Cysticercosis Parasite

Taenia solium , T.

saginata , T.

crassiceps , T. ovis , T.

taeniaeformis , T.

hydatigena

Bovids, suids,

canids, sheep,

goats

Ingestion; fomites;

entry via skin woundsY N Y N

Disseminated neoplasia

of blue mussels

Possible

virusUndetermined

Mussels, cockles,

clams, oystersUndetermined N N N N

Dourine Parasite

Slapsiekte, Morbo

Coitale malingo,

Beschalseuche

Previously

Trypanosoma

equiperdum but current

definitive categorisation

pending

Horses; donkeys;

mules; positive

tests obtained

from zebras

though infection

not documented

Sexually transmitted;

foals may become

infected in utero or

while suckling

N Y Y Y

Duck virus enteritis Virus Duck plague

Duck herpesvirus 1,

genus Varicellovirus ,

family Herpesviridae

Waterfowl

Direct contact with

infectious tissues,

feces; inhalation;

ingestion

N N N Y

Duck virus hepatitis Virus DVH

DHV type I

(Picornaviridae), DHV

type 2 (Astroviridae),

DHV type 3

(Picornaviridae)

DHV type 1 in

ducklings,

especially pekin,

mallards

(experimentally in

goslings, guinea

fowl, pheasants,

quail, turkey

poults); DHV type

2 and type 3 in

pekin ducklings

Contact with infected

ducklings; inhalation;

ingestion;

contaminated

environment

N Y Y Y

Eastern equine

encephalomyelitisVirus EEE

EEE virus, genus

Alphavirus , family

Togaviridae

Equids; reported

in camelids,

reptiles, birds,

pigs, cattle, deer,

sheep, goats,

dogs, rodents,

amphibians

Insect vector

(mosquitoes)Y N Y N

Echinococcosis Bacteria Hydatidosis

Echinococcus

granulosus , E.

multilocularis , E.

vogeli , E. oligarthrus ,

E. shiquicus

Carnivores

(definitive hosts);

intermediate

hosts include

bovids, caprids,

cervids, equids,

felids, ovids,

suids, rodents,

avian

Ingestion Y N N N

Enteric redmouth disease Bacteria Redmouth disease Yersinia ruckeriVarious fish

species

Direct contact with

infected fish;

contaminated water

N N N Y

Enteric septicemia of

catfishBacteria ESC Edwardsiella ictaluri Channel catfish

Direct contact with

infected fish;

contaminated water

N N N Y

Enzootic abortion of ewes Bacteria Ovine chlamydiosis Chlamydophila abortus

Goats and sheep;

reported in cattle,

pigs, horses, deer

Contact with

infectious

reproductive tissue

Y N N Y

Enzootic bovine leukosis Virus Bovine lymphosarcoma

Bovine leukemia virus,

genus Oncovirus ,

family Retroviridae

Bovids; sheep;

capybara; Ab in

many other

mammals after

experimental

infection

Direct contact with

infectious blood, milk,

tumors; insect vector;

contaminated

equipment

N N N Y

Epizootic hematopoietic

necrosisVirus EHN

EHN virus, genus

Ranavirus , family

Iridoviridae

Many finfish

Contact with

contaminated water;

fomites; avian vector

N Y Y Y

Epizootic lymphangitis Fungus

Pseudoglanders,

Histoplasmosis

farciminos , Equine

Histoplasmosis, African

Farcy

Histoplasma

capsulatum var.

farciminosum

Equids

Entry via skin wound;

direct contact with

infectious secretions

or contaminated soil;

fomites; inhalation;

insect vector

Y - (cases

reported but ID

of causative

agent not

substantiated)

Y Y Y

Epizootic ulcerative

syndromeFungus

EUS, red spot disease,

mycotic

granulomatosis,

ulcerative mycosis

Aphanomyces

invadans , A. piscicidaLikely all fish

Direct contact with

infected fish;

contaminated water

N Y Y Y

Epsilon toxin Bacteria

Clostridium

perfringens , types B

and D

Naturally in cattle,

sheep, goat, pigs,

horses; purified

toxin would

presumably affect

most species

Ingestion; inhalation N N Y N

Equine Encephalosis Virus EE

EE virus (EEV), genus

Orbivirus, family

Reoviridae

Equids; Ab

detected in

elephants but no

clinical disease;

zebras (resevoir)

Insect vector (midges) N Y Y N

Equine infectious anemia Virus

Coggins disease, EIA,

Swamp fever,

Mountain fever, Slow

fever

EIA virus, genus

Lentivirus , family

Retroviridae

Equids

Insect vector; use of

contaminated

equipment

N N Y Y

Equine influenza Virus Horse flu

Equine influenza virus,

genus Influenzavirus A ,

subtypes H7N7 and

H3N8, family

Orthomyxoviridae

Equids; has

occurred in dogs

Contact with


fomites

N - (though Ab

have been

detected and

infection has

occurred

experimentally)

N N Y

Equine viral arteritis Virus EVA, Equine typhoid

Equine arteritis virus,

genus Arterivirus ,

family Arteriviridae

Equids

Direct contact with


excretions; inhalation;

sexual transmission;

fomites

N N N Y

Equine viral

rhinopneumonitisVirus

Equine herpesvirus

infection

Equine herpesvirus

(EHV) strains1-4,

mainly EHV-1 and EHV-

4, genus Varicellovirus ,

family Herpesviridae

Equids

Direct contact with


reproductive tissues

and fluids; inhalation

N N Y Y

Erysipelas BacteriaErysipelothrix

rhusiopathiae

Avian, swine,

reptiles,

amphibians

Direct contact with


excretions; ingestion;

entry via skin wound;

insect vector

Y N N Y

Foot and mouth disease Virus FMD

Foot and mouth

disease virus, genus

Aphthovirus , family

Picornaviridae

All cloven hoofed

animals are

susceptible

Direct contact with

infected animals;

fomites; ingestion

(contaminated milk,

meat); inhalation;

virus found in all

bodily secretions,

excretions, exhaled air

N - (though there

are rare reports

of infections of

little

consequence)

Y Y Y

Foreign pests, vectors of

diseaseParasite

transmit diseases such

as Central European

Tick-borne

encephalitis, Far

Eastern Tick-borne

encephalitis, Kyasanur

Forest disease, Omsk

hemorrhagic fever,

Russian spring and

summer encephalitis

Various Various Insect vector Y Y Y Y

Furunculosis BacteriaAeromonas

salmonicida

Various fish

species

Direct contact with

infected fish;

contaminated water;

fomites

N N N Y

Getah Virus

Getah virus, genus

Alphavirus, Semliki

Forest complex of

family Togaviridae

Horses and swine

(amplifier host)

only show clinical

disease but can

infect many

species (Ab in

birds, reptiles,

marsupials;

rodents and

rabbits infected

experimentally)

Insect vector

(mosquitoes); may be

direct via nasal

secretions in severe

outbreaks; vertically

through milk

experimentally

N (though Ab

have been

detected)

Y Y Y

Glanders Bacteria Droes, Farcy, Malleus Burkholderia mallei

Equids (donkeys

> mules >

horses);

carnivores

(reported in felids,

canids and

bears); hamsters;

guinea pigs;

caprids; camels

Ingestion (of infected

meat by carnivores);

inhalation; fomites;

entry via skin wounds

is possible

Y Y Y Y

Hantavirus Virus

Various hantaviruses,

genus Hantavirus ,

family Bunyaviridae

RodentsInhalation; entry via

skin woundY N Y N

Heartwater Bacteria Cowdriosis Ehrlichia ruminantium All ruminants

Insect vector, ticks;


possible

N - (though 2

reports of

suspected

infections, so

may have

zoonotic

potential)

Y Y Y

Hemorrhagic septicemia BacteriaPasteurella multocida ,

serotypes 6:B and 6:E

Bovids; reported

in sheep, goats,

swine, elephant,

deer, camels,

equids;

experimentally in

rabbits and mice


direct contact with

infected animals;

fomites

N Y Y Y

Hendra Virus

Hendra virus disease,

morbillivirus

pneumonia

Hendra virus, family

Paramyxoviridae,

genus Henipavirus

Horses; large fruit

bats

(Pteropodidae

spp.); cats; dogs

In flying foxes -


urine and placental

fluids; in other species

- suspected to be

inhalation or ingestion

Y Y Y Y

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus IBD, Gumboro disease

IBD virus (IBDV), genus

Avibirnavirus , family

Birnaviridae, serotypes

1 and 2

Avids (clinical

disease in

chickens but

turkeys, ducks,

guinea fowl, and

ostriches have

been infected)

Contact with

infectious excretions;

fomites

N N N Y

Infectious hematopoietic

necrosisVirus IHN

IHN virus, genus

Novirhabdovirus , family

Rhabdoviridae

Salmonids; some

non-salmonids

(herring, cod,

sturgeon, pike)

Direct contact with

infected fish; vertical

transmission; possible

invertebrate vector

N Y Y Y

Infectious hypodermal

and hematopoietic

necrosis

Virus IHHN

IHHN virus, genus

Brevidensovirus , family

Parvoviridae

Penaeid shrimpIngestion; vertical

transmissionN Y Y Y

Infectious

laryngotracheitisVirus ILT

Laryngotracheitis virus,

genus Iltovirus , family

Herpesviridae

Chickens,

pheasants,

partridges,

peafowl

Contact with



fomites

N N N Y

Infectious myonecrosis Virus IMN

Infectious myonecrosis

virus, similar to genus

Giardiavirus , family

Totiviridae

Penaeid shrimp Ingestion N Y Y Y

Infectious pancreatic

necrosisVirus IPN

IPN virus, genus

Aquabirnavirus , family

Birnaviridae

Salmonids

Ingestion; direct


fish; contaminated

water; vertical

transmission

N N N Y

Infectious salmon anemia Virus ISA

Infectious salmon

anemia virus, genus

Isavirus , family

Orthomyxoviridae

Salmonids

Contact with

infectious excretions,

skin mucus; sea lice;

fomites

N Y Y Y

Japanese encephalitis VirusJapanese B

encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis

virus, genus Flavivirus ,

family Flaviviridae

Horses; pigs

(amplifier host);

herons and egrets

(reservoir);

subclinical

infections in

cattle, sheep,

goats, dogs, cats,

chickens, ducks,

wild mammals,

reptiles,

amphibians

Insect vector

(mosquitoes); direct

contact

Y Y Y N

Jembrana Disease Virus

Jembrana disease

virus, genus Lentivirus,

family Retroviridae

Bali cattle;

experimentally in

zebu and taurine

cattle

Unknown; proximity to

infected animals

needed so presumbly


secretions, excretions

(saliva, milk, mucous

membranes); possibly

insect vector

N Y Y Y

Koi herpesvirus disease Virus KHDKoi herpesvirus, family

HerpesviridaeCarp

Direct contact with

infected fish;

contaminated water;

fomites and animate

vectors possible

N N N Y

Leishmaniasis ParasiteKala-azar, Black fever,

Dumdum feverLeishmania spp.

Canids, rodents,

equids, cats

Insect vector; direct



Y N N N

Leptospirosis Bacteria Leptospirosis Leptospira spp.

All mammals

susceptible, but

some serovars

more prevelant in

certain species

Direct contact with

infectious excretions;


entry via skin wounds;

sexual transmission in

humans

Y N N Y

Louping ill Virus

Louping ill, ovine

encephalomyelitis,

infectious

encephalomyelitis of

sheep, trembling ill

Louping ill virus, genus

Flavivirus , family

Flaviviridae

Sheep; reported

in cattle, horses,

pigs, goats, dogs,

llamas, red

grouse, deer,

lagomorphs,

rodents


ingestion (infected

milk); possible

inhalation and entry

via skin wounds

Y Y Y Y

Lumpy Skin Disease Virus LSD, Knopvelsiekte

LSD virus, genus

Capripoxvirus , family

Poxviridae

Cattle; Ab found

in many bovids

and giraffes

Insect vector; possible

via direct contact with


N N Y Y

Maedi-Visna VirusChronic progressive

pneumonia

Maedi-visna virus,

genus Lentivirus , family

Retroviridae

Ovids, sometimes

caprids

Ingestion (infected

milk or colostrum);

aerosol

N N Y Y

Malignant catarrhal fever Virus MCF

Several related

ruminant

gammaherpesviruses,

genus Rhadinovirus ,

family Herpesviridae;

AlHV-1 (wildebeest

associated, WA-MCF),

OvHV2 (sheep

associated), CpHV-2

(goat associated),

MCFV-WTD (white

tailed deer associated)

Various

ungulates;

clinically

susceptible,

poorly adapted

hosts are dead

end (cervids,

bovids, giraffids);

well-

adapted/shedding

species

(wildebeest,

sheep and goats)

Vertical transmission

(WA-MCF); direct


secretions; inhalation;

mechanical vectors,

contaminated water

and contaminated

feed may play a role

NY - (WA-

MCF)Y Y

Marteiliosis ParasitePrimarily Marteilia

refringens

Oysters; mussels;

possibly cockles

and clams

Ingestion;

intermediate hosts

and vectors not

identified

N Y Y Y

Melioidosis BacteriaPseudoglanders,

Whitmore disease

Burkholderia

pseudomallei

Most terrestrial

and aquatic

mammals; birds;

fish; reptiles


entry via skin wounds;

direct contact with


excretions

Y N Y Y

Menangle Virus

Menangle virus, genus

Rubulavirus , family

Paramyxoviridae

Swine; bats

(presumptive

reservoir)

Contact with infected

bats; presumptive

ingestion of infectious

excretions

Y N N Y

Mycobacteriosis Bacteria Tuberculosis Mycobacterium spp.

Most mammals

are susceptible;

avian; fish;

reptiles;

amphibian

Direct contact with


ingestion; inhalation;

entry via skin wound

Y N Y Y

Myxomatosis Virus

Myxoma virus, genus

Leporipoxvirus , family

Poxviridae

Rabbits

(Sylvilagus spp.

natural hosts,

severe disease in

European rabbit)

Insect vector

(mosquitoes, fleas)N N N Y

Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus NSD

Nairobi sheep disease

virus, genus Nairovirus ,

family Bunyaviridae

Sheep; goats;

fatal infection has

been reported in

blue duiker

Insect vectors (ticks);

experimentally via

inocculation with

feces, urine

Y - (though

disease is self-

limiting and

circulating Ab

low)

Y Y Y

Necrotizing

HepatopancreatitisBacteria

NHP, Texas Pond

Mortality Syndrome,

Peru necrotizing

hepatopancreatitis

α-Proteobacterium,

rickettsial-like organism

Penaeid shrimp;

zooplankton

Contact with

contaminated water

(shed in feces);

ingestion of infected

meat; vertical

N N N Y

Newcastle Disease Virus

Exotic Newcastle

disease, avian

pneumoencephalitis

Newcastle disease

virus, genus

Avulavirus , family

Paramyxoviridae

Avian

Direct contact with



inhalation; fomites

Y - (transient

conjunctivitis)Y Y Y

Nipah Virus

Nipah virus disease,

barking pig syndrome,

porcine respiratory and

neurological syndrome,

porcine respiratory and

encephalitis syndrome

Nipah virus, genus

Henipavirus , family

Paramyxoviridae

Pigs (amplifier

host); fruit bats

(Pteropus spp.,

reservoir); dogs;

cats; horses;

goats;

experimentally in

pocket pets

Direct contact with

infectious tissues,

secretions; excretions;

inhalation

Y Y Y Y

Non-endemic Protozoan

and Metazoan parasitesParasite

Various, especially

Gyrodactyus salarisFinfish Various N Y Y Y

Onchorychus masou

virus diseaseVirus

OMVD, Salmonid

herpesvirus type 2

disease

Onchorychus masou

virus, family

Herpresviridae

Salmonids

Direct contact;

animate vectors;

fomites

N Y Y Y

Orthopox viruses Virus

Camelpox, Monkeypox,

Smallpox, Horsepox,

etc.

Genus Orthopoxvirus ,

family Poxviridae

Largely host

specific

Direct contact with


inhalation; entry via

skin wounds; insect

vector suspected

Y Y Y Y

Paracolon infestation Bacteria Arizona spp. Poultry

Ingestion or inhalation

of infectious


N N N Y

Parafilariasis Parasite Parafilaria bovicola Bovids Insect vector Y - (one case) Y Y N

Paratuberculosis Bacteria Johne's Disease

Mycobacterium avium

subspecies

paratuberculosis

Most ruminants;

reported in many

nonruminants

(rabbits, cats,

foxes, bears,

raccoons,

opossum, rats,

birds, etc)

Direct contact with



fomites; insect vector;


possible

not fully

determined; may

be involved in

Crohn's disease

N N Y

Perkinsosis Parasite Perkinsus spp. Oysters; clams Ingestion NY - (some

species)Y Y

Peste des Petits

RuminantsVirus

PPR, goat plague,

pseudorinderpest

Peste des petits

ruminants virus, genus

Morbillivirus , family

Paramyxoviridae

Sheep; goats;

reported in

various bovids

and camels;

experimentally in

white tailed deer;

cattle and pigs

are dead end

hosts

Direct contact with


inhalation; fomites

N Y Y Y

Plague Bacteria

Peste, Black Death,

Bubonic plague,

Pneumonic plague

Yersinia pestis

Most mammals;

rodents and

rabbits most

important hosts

Insect vector (fleas);

direct contact with

infectious fluids,

tissue; ingestion;

inhalation; entry via

skin wounds; fomites

Y N N Y

Pleistophora infection Parasite Pleistophora ovariae Baitfish

Ingestion;

contaminated water;


N N N Y

Porcine Reproductive and

Respiratory SyndromeVirus PRRS

PRRS virus, genus

Arterivirus , family

Arteriviridae

Suids

Direct contact with



fomites; insect vector

N N Y Y

Proliferative kidney

diseaseParasite

Tetracapsuloides

bryosalmonaeSalmonids Contaminated water N N N Y

Q Fever BacteriaQuery fever,

CoxiellosisCoxiella burnetii

Asymptomatic

infection in many

mammals, some

birds and reptiles;

goats, sheep and

cattle are main

reservoirs

Direct contact with

infectious tissues,

secretions, excretions;

fomites; inhalation;

ingestion

(contaminated dairy);

possibly sexual

transmission; insect

vector; possible via

blood transfusions in

humans

Y N Y Y

Rabbit Hemorrhagic

DiseaseVirus

Rabbit calicivirus

disease, viral

hemorrhagic disease of

rabbits

Rabbit hemorrhagic


Lagovirus , family

Caliciviridae

European rabbit

Contact with


(oral, nasal,

conjunctival); contact

with infected

carcasses; fomites;

importation of infected

meat; insect vectors

(flies); feces of

predators;

experimentally by SC,

IM and IV routes

N Y Y Y

Rabies Virus

Rabies virus, genus

Lyssavirus , family

Rhabdoviridae

All mammals

susceptible but

some species

display relative

resistance

Direct contact with

infectious saliva

primarily via bites;

inhalation

Y N N Y

Ranavirus Virus

Frog virus 3 (FV3),

genus Ranavirus ,

family Iridoviridae

Amphibians,

Contaminated water;

direct contact;

ingestion of infected

tissue; possibly

vertical

N N N Y

Red sea bream iridoviral

diseaseVirus RSIVD

Red sea bream

iridovirus, genus

Megalocytivirus , family

Iridoviridae

Many fish speciesContact with


Rift Valley fever Virus Enzootic hepatitis

Rift Valley fever virus,

genus Phlebovirus ,

family Bunyaviridae

Bovids; caprids;

ovids; canids;

felids; rodents;

primates; camels

Insect vector;

ingestion (raw milk);

direct contact with

infectious tissues;

inhalation (blood)

Y Y Y Y

Rinderpest Virus Cattle plague

Rinderpest virus, genus

Morbillivirus , family

Paramyxoviridae

Likely all cloven-

hoofed animals

susceptible;

bovids, suids and

giraffe most

susceptible

Direct contact with


excretions; inhalation

N Y Y Y

Roseovarius oyster

diseaseBacteria Juvenile oyster disease

Roseovarius

crassostreaeEastern oysters Contaminated water N N N Y

Salmonellosis BacteriaPullorum, Fowl typhoid,

Paratyphoid, etc.

Salmonella enterica ,

multiple serovars,

including Dublin,

Enteriditis,

Typhimurium,

Abortusovis,

Choleraesuis, Paratyphi

Found in all taxa

of animals

Ingestion

(contaminated food,

water, meat); fomites;

insect vector; vertical

transmission in birds

(ovarian); inhalation

Y - (some

species)N Y Y

Scrapie Prionabnormal cellular

protein PrPSc, Nor98Sheep, goats

Direct contact with

infectious fluid,

tissues; fomites

N N Y Y

Screwworm myiasis ParasiteNew and Old World

Screwworm

Chrysomya bezziana

(Old World

screwworm),

Cochliomyia

hominivorax (New

World screwworm)

Any warm-

blooded animalEntry via skin wound Y Y Y Y

Sheep and Goat Pox Virus SGP

Sheep pox virus, goat

pox virus, genus

Capripoxvirus , family

Poxviridae

Caprids, ovids

Inhalation; direct


secretions; insect

vector; fomites

NY - (Old

World)Y Y

Spring viremia of carp Virus SVC

SVC virus, genus

Vasiculovirus , family

Rhabdoviridae

Goldfish, carp,

sheatfish, tench,

shiners,

pumpkinseeds,

roach, pike

Direct contact with

infected fish; fomites;

mechanical transfer

via birds, leeches, lice

N Y Y Y

Staphylococcal

enterotoxin BBacteria Staphylococcus aureus

S. aureus causes

infection in many

animals, but little

research about

enteritis

Ingestion; inhalation Y N N N

Streptococcosis BacteriaStreptococcosis of

finfishStreptococcus iniae

Various fish

species; dolphins

Direct contact;

contaminated water;


Y N N N

Surra Parasite Trypanosoma evansiMost mammals

susceptible

Insect vector, flies; bat

vector; sexual

transmission;

ingestion (infected

meat)

N Y Y Y

Swine vesicular disease Virus SVD

Swine vesicular


Enterovirus , family

Picornaviridae

Suids

Entry via skin wounds;

ingestion

(contaminated meat);

inhalation; fomites

N - (has

occurred only in

lab setting)

Y Y Y

Taura syndrome Virus Taura virusTaura syndrome virus,

family DicistroviridaePenaeid shrimp

Ingestion; fomites;

insect and avian

vector

N Y Y Y

Theileriosis Parasite

East coast fever,

Theileriasis,

Zimbabwean tick fever,

African Coast fever,

Corridor disease,

January disease, also

Mediterranean coast

fever (tropical

therileriosis)

primarily Theileria

parva parva , T.

annulata (tropical)

Bovids

(introduced >

endemic); African

buffaloes and

waterbucks are

reservoirs

Insect vector (ticks) N Y Y N

Transmissible

GastroenteritisVirus TGE

Transmissible

gastroenteritis virus,

genus Coronavirus ,

family Coronaviridae

Suids; canids and

felids are

suggested

resevoirs

Aerosol; ingestion or


excretions; fomites

N N N Y

Trichinellosis Parasite Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis

Likely all

mammals

susceptible;

primarily flesh

eating mammals,

birds and reptiles;

marine mammals

Ingestion

(contaminated meat)Y N N N

Trichomoniasis Parasite Trichomonas spp. Various mammalsDirect contact with

infectious excretionsY N N Y

Trypanosomosis (African) Parasite

African animal

trypanosomosis,

African animal

trypanosomiasis, AAT

Trypanosoma

congolense , T. brucei

brucei , T. vivax

Likely most

ruminants; African

elephant; black

and white

rhinoceros;

equids; felids;

canids

Insect vector

(primarily tsetse fly)N Y Y N

Tularemia Bacteria Rabbit fever Francisella tularensis

Rabbits and

rodents (main

hosts); various

other mammals

(dogs, sheep,

cats, pigs,

beavers, horses,

primates, pocket

pets); some

reptiles,

amphibians and

fish

Direct contact with

infectious tissues;


insect vector; fomites

Y N N Y

Turkey rhinotracheitis Virus

Avian

metapneumovirus

infection

genus

Metapneumovirus ,

family Paramyxoviridae

Turkeys,

chickens,

pheasants,

guinea fowl, some

ducks

Direct contact with


inhalation

N N Y Y

Venezuelan equine

encephalomyelitisVirus

VEE, Venezuelan

encephalitis

VEE virus, genus

Alphavirus , family

Togaviridae

Horses; reported

in cattle, swine,

dogs, chickens,

rabbits, goats,

sheep; isolated

from rats,

opossums, bats,

birds

Insect vector

(mosquito)Y Y Y Y

Vesicular exanthema of

swineVirus VES

VES virus, genus

Vesivirus , family

Caliciviridae

Suids; reservoirs

are marine

mammals and

opaleye fish;

related viruses

found in snakes,

toads, skunks,

cattle, primates

Ingestion

(contaminated meat);

direct contact with

infectious fluid from

ruptured vesicles

N - (though lab

infections

reported)

Y Y Y

Vesicular stomatitis Virus VS

Vesicular stomatitis

virus, genus

Vesiculovirus , family

Rhabdoviridae

Equids; suids;

bovids; camelids,

white tailed deer;

reported in

various others

(bats, rodents,

birds, non-human

primates, goats,

sheep, raccoons)

Insect vectors; direct


fluid from ruptured

vesicles; fomites

Y

Y - (non-

domestic

strains)

Y Y

Viral encephalopathy and

retinopathyVirus Viral nervous necrosis

Viral encephalopathy

and retinopathy virus,

genus Betanodavirus ,

family Nodaviridae

Various fish

species

Contaminated water;

vertical transmissionN N N Y

Viral hemorrhagic fever VirusAfrican hemorrhagic

fever, Ebola, Marburg

Ebolavirus and

marburgvirus, genera

Ebolavirus and

Marburgvirus , family

Filoviridae

Primates; bats

Direct contact with



sexual transmission

possible; fomites

Y Y Y Y

Viral hemorrhagic fever Virus

South American

hemorrhagic fever,

Lassa fever, Argentine

hemorrhagic fever,

Bolivian hemorrhagic

fever, Venezuelan

hemorrhagic fever

Lassa, Junin, Machupo,

Chapare, Guanarito,

Sabia and Lujo viruses,

genus Arenavirus ,

family Arenaviridae

Rodents, non-

human primates

Direct contact with




Y Y Y Y

Viral hemorrhagic

septicemiaVirus VHS

VHS virus, genus

Novirhabdovirus , family

Rhabdoviridae

Likely all teleost

fish

Direct contact with

infected fish;

contaminated water;

avian vector

N N Y Y

Wesselsbron Disese Virus Wesselsbron fever

Wesselsbron virus,

genus Flavivirus ,

family Togaviridae

Sheep, goats,

cattle, horses,

pigs, camels,

ostrich

Insect vector

(mosquitoes)Y Y Y N

West Nile Virus Virus WNV, West Nile fever

West Nile virus, genus

Arbovirus , family

Flaviviridae

Avian; equids;

reported in some

reptiles, camelids,

marine mammals,

sheep, cervids,

Indian rhinoceros;

Ab found in many

other species

Insect vector

(mosquitoes);

ingestion (infectious

tissue)

Y N YY - (some

avians)

Western Equine

EncephalomyelitisVirus WEE

WEE virus, genus

Alphavirus , family

Togaviridae

Equids; birds;

asymptomatic

infection in

squirrels, snakes,

frogs, tortoises

Insect vector,

mosquitoesY N Y N

Whirling disease Parasite Myxobolus cerebralis SalmonidsIngestion;

contaminated waterN N N Y

White spot disease Virus WSD

White spot disease

virus, genus

Whispovirus , family

Nimaviridae

All decapod

crustaceans

Ingestion; contact with

contaminated water;

vertical transmission;

various vectors

N N N Y

White tail disease VirusWTD, white muscle

disease, WMD

Macrobrachium

rosenbergii nodavirus

(Mr NV) and associate

extra small virus (XSV),

family Nodaviridae

Giant freshwater

prawn

Contact with

contaminated water;

vertical transmission;

insect and shrimp

vector

N Y Y Y

Xenohaliotis infection BacteriaXenohaliotis

californiensisAbalone

Ingestion;


Yellow head disease Virus YHD

Yellow head virus,

genus Okavirus , family

Roniviridae

Penaeid and

palemonid shrimp,

prawns and krill

Ingestion; contact with

contaminated water;


is likely

N Y Y Y

state: new jersey compiled by: doreen harris · pathogenicity (lp) virus fowl plague avian...

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