state of highway safety summary report - penndot home · 2019. 9. 5. · proactively work toward...
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State of Highway Safety Summary ReportCommonwealth of Pennsylvania
15th Edition – 2018
PREPARED BY: Highway Safety SectionDepartment of TransportationBureau of Maintenance and Operations400 North Street | Harrisburg PA 17105
1
Table of Contents
Description PageLetter from the Secretary of Transportation 2
Executive Summary 3
Reaching Our Goals 4
Fatality and Crash Trends 5
NHTSA Performance Measures 28
Aggressive Driving and Speeding 32
Impaired Driving 35
Occupant Protection 41
Younger Drivers 45
Commercial Vehicle Safety 46
Motorcycles 48
Local Roads 52
Safety Improvement Programs 54
Benchmarking 66
Statistical Analysis 71
Projection Methodology Fatality Rate 86
Highway Safety Manual Tools and Resources 87
2
Letter from the Secretary of Transportation
We continue to make progress in our goal of reaching Zero Fatalities on our highways in Pennsylvania. In 2017, we continued our downward trend in fatalities and hit a new low of 1,137 -- 51 fewer than in 2016 and the lowest since record keeping began in 1928. We saw decreases in impaired driver, pedestrian and unrestrained fatalities.
Amid this good news, however, there still were some troubling trends. Crashes involving drivers aged 75 and over were up as were crashes involving red light running and work zones.
Hence, we move forward, ever committed to our goal of keeping our highways free of crashes, injuries and fatalities. We invest roughly $100 million a year for upgraded infrastructure, ongoing law enforcement and safety education and outreach. Our aim is to persuade drivers to always do the right thing behind the wheel: avoid distractions, wear seat belts, obey speed limits, and not drive aggressively or impaired.
This annual State of Highway Safety Summary report provides the details of the challenges and progress we are making. We never forget that even one life lost in a vehicle crash is tragic and represents an individual and their potential to make a difference in our society gone forever. While we will be relentless in pursuing our safety mission, we need every driver to understand how critical it is that individual actions behind the wheel are a matter of life and death.
Thank you.
Leslie S. RichardsPennDOT Secretary
3
The State of Highway Safety Summary Report is intended to provide a snapshot of current trends, futuregoals, and the strategies needed to improve highway safety in the Commonwealth. Contained within thisreport are safety statistics tracked internally and by national safety partners, information on several safetyfocus areas, information on the effectiveness of safety countermeasures, and comparisons to the progress ofseveral benchmarking states.
The fatality and suspected serious injury goals presented on the following pages were developed in line withour statewide vision, mission, and goal statements (using 2012-2016 as a baseline year):
VisionProactively work toward zero deaths on our roads while fostering an environment
that encourages safe behavior.
MissionOur mission is to improve highway safety by developing and implementing
education, enforcement, engineering and emergency medical service strategies.
GoalReduce average fatalities and serious injuries to support the national effort of
ending fatalities on our nation’s roads within the next 30 years.
Executive Summary
4
Reaching Our GoalsOur goal is to reduce the five-year average number of fatalities from 2012-2016 (1,220.2 average per year)through 2017-2021 (1092.5 average per year).
PennDOT has developed a 2017 Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) to help reach this goal. The SHSPtargets priority Safety Focus Areas and strategies/actions to reduce highway fatalities on Pennsylvania’sroadways. For each recommended strategy, action items have been established to identify measuresnecessary to successfully improve safety in each Safety Focus Area.
1,2
20
.2
1,1
85
.6
1,1
66
.9
1,1
46
.3
1,1
20
.3
1,0
92
.51,000
1,050
1,100
1,150
1,200
1,250
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
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Pennsylvania’s Highway Fatality Reduction Goals2% Reduction Per Year Through 2021
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
5
Fatality and Crash Trends
1,2
20
.2
1,1
85
.6
1,1
66
.9
1,1
46
.3
1,1
20
.3
1,0
92
.5
1,000
1,050
1,100
1,150
1,200
1,250
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
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Pennsylvania Highway Fatalities5-Year Averages - Past Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
1,2081,195 1,200
1,188
1,137
1,100
1,150
1,200
1,250
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
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Pennsylvania Highway FatalitiesAnnual Totals
6
Fatality and Crash Trends
See Page 90 for a description of the methodology used to calculate the projected rates.
1.2
20
1.1
79
1.1
50
1.1
21
1.0
86
1.0
49
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
liti
y R
ate
(5-Y
ear
Ave
rag
e)
Pennsylvania Five-Year Average Fatality RateFatalities per Hundred Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
Past Data and Future Projections
5-Year Average Fatality Rate 5-Year Average Goal
See Page 86 for a description of the methodology used to calculate the projected rates.
7
Fatality and Crash Trends
10
.0
9.9
9.7
9.6
9.3
9
10
10
11
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017
Fata
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er 1
00
,00
0 P
opu
lati
on
Pennsylvania Highway Fatalities per 100,000 Population5-Year Averages
2017 population data was acquired through the United States Census Bureau
8
Fatality and Crash Trends
3,4
34
.0
3,5
88
.4
3,7
67
.3
3,9
71
.2
4,1
60
.9
4,0
61
.3
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
s In
juri
es
Pennsylvania Suspected Serious InjuriesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal
3,248
3,040 3,030
4,3974,227
2,750
3,000
3,250
3,500
3,750
4,000
4,250
4,500
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
s In
juri
es
Pennsylvania Suspected Serious InjuriesAnnual Totals
In compliance with the FAST Act requirements, PennDOT has adopted newMMUCC standards. Since 2016, the new standards have changed the
definition of serious injuries. This change added crashes previously classified as moderate or minor into the suspected serious injury category.
9
3.4
33
3.5
69
3.7
14
3.8
83
4.0
34
3.8
99
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
s In
jury
Rat
e (5
-Yea
r A
vera
ge)
Pennsylvania Five-Year Average Suspected Serious Injury RateSerious Injuries per Hundred Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
Past Data and Future Projections
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injury Rate 5-Year Average Goal
Fatality and Crash Trends
See Page 86 for a description of the methodology used to calculate the projected rates.
10
Fatality and Crash Trends
12
3,2
80
12
3,1
97
12
4,3
79
12
5,1
94
12
6,0
19
115,000
120,000
125,000
130,000
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017
Rep
orta
ble
Cra
shes
Pennsylvania Reportable CrashesPast Data
11
Hit Fixed Object Trends and GoalsIndicates that the crash took place with a fixed object such as an embankment, a utility pole, a tree, guiderail, etc.
1,1
73
1,1
83
1,2
16
1,2
62
1,3
08
1,2
69
39,245 38,973
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
orta
ble
Cra
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Su
spec
ted
Ser
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juri
es
Hit Fixed Object Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal Reportable Crashes involving Hitting Fixed Objects
45
7
43
1
41
6
40
8
39
2
38
6
310
360
410
460
510
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Hit Fixed Object FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
12
Single Vehicle Run-Off-Road Trends and GoalsIndicates that a single vehicle crash occurred on the shoulder, in the median, on the roadside, or outside ofthe traffic way.
1,4
83
1,5
01
1,5
53
1,6
18
1,6
83
1,6
31
46,64146,336
45,00045,20045,40045,60045,80046,00046,20046,40046,60046,800
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
orta
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Cra
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Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
s I
nju
ries
Single Vehicle Run-Off-Road Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
56
9
54
1
52
7
51
7
49
6
48
6
450
500
550
600
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Single Vehicle Run-Off-Road FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
13
Intersection Trends and GoalsIndicates that the crash occurred at an intersection, including ramps, crossovers, and rail crossings.
1,0
73
1,1
42
1,2
10
1,2
84
1,3
60
1,3
20
47,390 47,634
25,00027,50030,00032,50035,00037,50040,00042,50045,00047,50050,000
0
250
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
orta
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Cra
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Su
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Ser
iou
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es
Intersection Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
26
8
26
2
26
5
26
2
26
2
25
5
200
225
250
275
300
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Intersection FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
14
Head-On Trends and GoalsIndicates that the crash type was a head-on or opposite direction side swipe.
46
1
49
4
52
0
54
8
57
0
56
0
6,743 6,858
0
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
0
200
400
600
800
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
orta
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Cra
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Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
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Head-On Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
16
2
16
2
15
6
15
4
14
7
14
2
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Head-On FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
15
Impaired Driving Trends and GoalsIncludes crashes involving any driver which was suspected of drinking by police or had a measured BAC of 0.01% orgreater. These crashes could also include those which involved any driver suspected of illegal drug or medication use.
92
7
92
6
93
2
95
4
97
6
94
4
12,913
12,592
11,000
11,500
12,000
12,500
13,000
13,500
0
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
s In
juri
es
Impaired Driving Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
41
3
37
2
33
5
30
8 27
8
25
9
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Impaired Driving FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
16
Unrestrained Trends and GoalsIndicates that any person in a passenger car, van, SUV, or small or large truck was not wearing a seat belt.
84
9
85
7
86
2
88
4
90
9
87
5
14,42314,184
12,000
15,000
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
orta
ble
Cra
shes
Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
s In
juri
es
Unrestrained Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
42
6
40
1
39
1
38
7
37
5
36
3
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
litie
s
Unrestrained FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
17
Distracted/Drowsy Driver Trends and GoalsIndicates that any driver involved in the crash was distracted, using a phone, fatigued, or asleep.
33
0 36
1 40
3 44
6 48
0
47
317,360 17,542
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
orta
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Cra
shes
Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
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juri
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Distracted/Drowsy Driver Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
84
82
81
80
76
70
60
70
80
90
100
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
litie
s
Distracted/Drowsy Driver FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
Fatalities in Distracted/Drowsy Driver Crashes 5-Year Average Goal
18
Aggressive Driving Trends and GoalsIndicates that any driver action was classified as aggressive driving under the NHTSA definition (two or moreof the factors shown on Page 33).
30
8
32
9
35
1
37
3
39
2
38
1
6,883 6,900
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
0
100
200
300
400
500
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
orta
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Cra
shes
Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
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Aggressive Driving Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
14
3
13
0
12
5
12
2
12
2
11
9
100
125
150
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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s
Aggressive Driving FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
19
Young Driver Trends and GoalsIndicates that any driver involved in the crash was 16 or 17 years of age.
13
8
14
6
15
7 17
3
18
6
18
7
6,370 6,371
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
8,000
0
100
200
300
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
orta
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Cra
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Su
spec
ted
Ser
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Young Driver Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
38
.0
37
.2
39
.6
39
.9 40
.4
38
.4
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Young Driver FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
20
Older Driver Trends and GoalsIndicates that any driver involved in the crash was age 65 or older.
54
1 60
3 65
7 70
8 76
0
74
9
19,365 19,985
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
0
250
500
750
1,000
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
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Cra
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Su
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Ser
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Older Driver Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
28
0
27
9
27
6
26
8
26
3
25
9
175
200
225
250
275
300
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
litie
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Older Driver FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
21
Pedestrian Trends and GoalsIndicates that any person involved in the crash was a pedestrian.
34
5
36
3
38
6 41
9
43
9
43
7
4,2224,132
3,060
3,260
3,460
3,660
3,860
4,060
4,260
4,460
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
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es
Pedestrian Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
16
2
15
8
15
8
15
3
15
1
14
4
100
120
140
160
180
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Pedestrian FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
22
Bicycle Trends and GoalsIndicates that any vehicle involved in the crash was a bicycle.
64 7
2 78 8
7 94
92
1,328
1,282
1,200
1,250
1,300
1,350
0
30
60
90
120
150
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
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Cra
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Su
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Ser
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Bicycle Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
15
.6 16
.6 18
.5
18
.8
19
.5
20
.2
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Bicycle FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
23
Motorcycle Trends and GoalsIndicates that any vehicle involved in the crash was a motorcycle.
53
7
54
6
57
1
59
4
62
2
59
2
3,513 3,354
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
0
200
400
600
800
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
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Ser
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Motorcycle Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
19
0
18
5
18
5
18
3
18
2
17
8
150
175
200
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Motorcycle FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
24
Heavy Truck Trends and GoalsIndicates that any vehicle involved in the crash was a heavy truck any single vehicle with a weighting of10,000 pounds or more.
22
4
24
4 26
7
28
7 30
8
30
8
6,452 6,636
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
0
100
200
300
400
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
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Ser
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Heavy Truck Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
15
3
15
2
15
3
15
2
15
2
14
9
100
120
140
160
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Heavy Truck FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
25
Vehicle Failure Trends and GoalsIndicates that there was a vehicle defect or failure contributing to the crash.
13
9
15
1 16
6 18
0 19
7
19
1
5,627 5,643
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
0
50
100
150
200
250
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
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Cra
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Su
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Ser
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Vehicle Failure Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
56
.8
56
.4
57
.0
56
.2
52
.2
50
.0
10152025303540455055606570
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Vehicle Failure FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
26
Vehicle/Train Trends and GoalsIndicates that any vehicle involved in the crash was a train or trolley.
3.0
2.8
2.2
1.4
1.0
0.2
59 56
0
25
50
75
0
1
2
3
4
5
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
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Ser
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Vehicle/Train Suspected Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
3.4 3
.8 4.0
3.1
2.9
2.8
0
1
2
3
4
5
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
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Vehicle/Train FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
27
Local Road Trends and GoalsIndicates that every road was a county or municipal roadway.
76
0
79
5
84
9
90
4
95
0
93
8
31,58931,683
15,00017,00019,00021,00023,00025,00027,00029,00031,00033,000
0
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Rep
orta
ble
Cra
shes
Su
spec
ted
Ser
iou
s In
juri
es
Local Road Serious Injuries and Reportable CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Suspected Serious Injuries 5-Year Average Goal 5-Year Average Reportable Crashes
20
0
19
6
19
5
19
0
17
8
17
6
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
litie
s
Local Road FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
28
NHTSA Core Performance Measures
In their 2008 publication Traffic Safety Performance Measures for States and Federal Agencies, the NationalHighway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) outlined ten core outcome measures, one core behavioralmeasure, and three activity measures. It was their recommendation that states annually set goals and reportprogress on the eleven core outcome and behavioral measures, as well as report progress on the activitymeasures.
These performance measures, with one exception, utilize data from the NHTSA Fatality Analysis ReportingSystem (FARS). FARS is a nationwide census providing Congress and the American public systematic, yearlydata regarding fatal injuries suffered in motor vehicle crashes. The exception is the Serious Injuries in TrafficCrashes, which come from state data.
Note: Due to the availability of 2017 State data, various Core Outcome Measures mentioned above make reference to pagesillustrating charts with relevant data. This is being done to minimize redundancy within this report.
Please note the following:• 2016 is the latest year for which FARS data is available.• 2017 data is State provided
Core Outcome Measures• Traffic Fatalities (Refer to Page 5)• Fatalities per VMT (Refer to Page 6)• Serious Injuries in Traffic Crashes (Refer to Page 8)• Unrestrained Passenger Vehicle Occupant Fatalities• Fatalities in Crashes Involving a Driver or
Motorcycle Operator with a BAC of 0.08 and Above• Pedestrian Fatalities (Refer to Page 21)• Bicycle Fatalities (Refer to Page 22)• Motorcyclist Fatalities (Refer to Page 23)• Speeding-Related Fatalities (Refer to Page 34)• Unhelmeted Motorcyclist Fatalities• Drivers Age 20 or Younger Involved In Fatal
Crashes
Core Behavior Measure• Observed Seat Belt Use for Passenger Vehicles
Activity Measures• Seat Belt Citations Issued During Grant-Funded
Enforcement Activities• Impaired Driving Arrests Made During Grant-
Funded Enforcement Activities• Speeding Citations Issued During Grant-Funded
Enforcement Activities
29
NHTSA Performance Measures
438 420 399 379 359
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019
Fata
litie
s
Unrestrained Passenger Vehicle Occupant FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Unrestrained Fatalities 5-Year Average Unrestrained Fatality Goals
96 95 91 88 88
40
60
80
100
2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019
Fata
litie
s
Unhelmeted Motorcyclist FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Unhelmeted Motorcyclist Fatalities 5-Year Average Unhelmeted Motorcyclist Fatality Goals
30
NHTSA Performance Measures
160147
132122
109100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019
Fata
litie
s
Drivers Age 20 or Younger Involved In Fatal CrashesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average 15-20 Year Old Driver Fatalities 5-Year Average 15-20 Year Old Driver Fatality Goals
31
NHTSA Performance Measures
18,415 17,743 15,65521,674 18,025
9,728 8,685 9,633 11,305 11,647
142,623 140,467
156,773
178,461
166,802
0
25,000
50,000
75,000
100,000
125,000
150,000
175,000
200,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Cit
atio
ns
and
Arr
ests
Enforcement Efforts During Grant-Funded Enforcement Activities Per Federal Fiscal Year
Seat Belt Citations During Grant Operations DUI Arrests During Grant Operations Speeding Citations During Grant Operations
32
According to 2017 fatality statistics, almost 11% of all fatalitiesin Pennsylvania involved aggressive driving, while 40% of all fatalities were related to speeding.
While the trend over the past several years has been one of decline, there is still much work to be done to combat aggressive driving and meet our safety goals. We expect 250 municipal police agencies and all state police troops to participate in the current year.
Note that an Aggressive Driving Related Crash is defined by NHTSAas a crash containing two or more aggressive driving crash causationfactors, listed on the next page.
Aggressive Driving and Speeding
33
Aggressive Driving Crashes are determined based on a crash having any two of the following driving characteristics:- Making an illegal U-Turn - Sudden slowing or stopping - Making improper or careless turns- Turning from the wrong lane - Careless passing or lane change - Proceeding without clearance after stop- Passing in no passing zone - Running a stop sign - Running a red light- Failure to respond to TCD - Tailgating - Making improper entrance to highway- Speeding - Driving too fast for conditions - Making improper exit from highway- Driver fleeing police (police chase)
Aggressive Driving and Speeding
16
0
16
1
15
1
14
3
13
0
12.1%12.6%
12.0%11.6%
10.7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017
Per
cen
tag
e of
Tot
al F
atal
itie
s
Fata
litie
s
Pennsylvania Aggressive Driving FatalitiesTotal and Percentage of Statewide Fatalities
5-Year Average Fatalities Percentage of Statewide Highway Fatalities
34
Aggressive Driving and Speeding
516
489479 475
460445
425
450
475
500
525
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
Fata
litie
s
Pennsylvania Speeding-Related FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Goal
Indicates that any vehicle was speeding, driving too fast for conditions, or involved in a police chase.
Information provided by the Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts
Pennsylvania (PA) Speeding convictions:
• Historically, the PA Courts have convicted as high as 365,309 speeding cases for the year 2008, to as low as 225,638 cases (2013).
• For 2015, the PA Courts have convicted 296,583 cases.
• Currently, the PA Courts (2009-2015) are averaging over 250,000 speeding-case, convictions per year.
35
A significant goal of the Department is the reduction of crashes and fatalities due to impaired driving within the Commonwealth. Almost one-third of all traffic fatalities in Pennsylvania were attributable to driving under the influence during2017.
Progress has been made in this area – the 293 alcohol-related fatalities in 2017 were the second lowest since records for this statistic were started in the 1980s, and were more than a half less than the recent peak in 2002. However, there is much morework to be done:
• Approximately 57% of DUI convictions were for a second or subsequent offense in 2016.• Driving while impaired by drugs is increasing; nearly 65% of all DUI cases now include at least one charge for driving
under the influence of a drug other than alcohol.
The Pennsylvania Ignition Interlock Law (Act 33 of 2016) retains the requirements for second or subsequent DUI offenders, but now also requires a one-year period of ignition interlock for first-time DUI offenders who had a BAC of 0.10 or higher at the time of arrest. Individuals guilty of chemical breath/blood test refusals are subject to a one-year period of ignition interlock under Act 33 as well.
Impaired Driving
36
Impaired Driving
48
4
46
3
44
1
41
3 37
2
37.9%36.6%
35.6%33.8%
31.3%
20%
23%
26%
29%
32%
35%
38%
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017
Per
cen
tag
e
Fata
litie
s
Pennsylvania Impaired Driving FatalitiesTotal and Percentage of Statewide Fatalities
5-Year Average Impaired Driving Fatalities Percentage of Statewide Highway Fatalities
48
4
46
3
44
1
41
3 37
2
0.480.46
0.440.41
0.37
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017
Fata
lity
Rat
e
Fata
litie
s
Pennsylvania Impaired Driving FatalitiesTotal and Impaired Driving Fatality Rate
Impaired Driving Fatalities 5-Year Average Impaired Driving Fatality Rate
.
37
Impaired Driving
48
4
46
3
44
1
41
3
37
2
33
5
2,4652,398
2,3302,448
2,638
2770
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
300
350
400
450
500
550
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018
Enfo
rcem
ent
Op
erat
ion
s
Fata
litie
s
Pennsylvania DUI Enforcement EffectivenessImpaired Driving Fatalities and Enforcement Operations
5-Year Average Impaired Driving Fatalities 5-Year Average Impaired Driving Fatality Goals5-Year Average DUI Enforcement Operations DUI Enforcement Operations Goal (5-Year Average)
DUI Enforcement Operations include checkpoints and roving patrols.
38
Impaired Driving
59
,00
0
55
,78
4
56
,38
7
63
,75
5 79
,75
3
12
,40
0
13
,68
3
14
,30
7
14
,60
4
15
,20
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
October 2012 -September 2013
October 2013 -September 2014
October 2014 -September 2015
October 2015 -September 2016
October 2015 -September 2017
Mile
s Tr
avel
ed a
nd
Tes
ts
Pas
sed
(x1
00
0)
Pennsylvania’s Ignition Interlock ProgramMiles Traveled and Tests Passed
Vehicle Miles Traveled With Ignition Interlock Devices (x1000) Ignition Interlock Tests Successfully Passed (x1000)
45
,27
0
43
,71
8
47
,99
3
48
,59
0
50
,95
1
4,4
47
4,2
15
4,7
39
5,0
87
4,4
93
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
October 2012 -September 2013
October 2013 -September 2014
October 2014 -September 2015
October 2015 -September 2016
October 2015 -September 2017
Trip
s P
reve
nte
d
Pennsylvania’s Ignition Interlock ProgramTrips Prevented
Trips Prevented With BAC Between 0.025 and 0.099 4,215 4,739 5,087 4,493 4,372
39
Impaired Driving
416
393
372
346
3245,534
5,642
5,682
5,661
5,917
5,500
5,550
5,600
5,650
5,700
5,750
5,800
5,850
5,900
5,950
320
340
360
380
400
420
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017
Inst
alla
tion
s
Fata
litie
s
Pennsylvania Ignition Interlock EffectivenessAlcohol-Related Fatalities and Ignition Interlock Installations
5-Year Average Alcohol-Related Fatalities 5-Year Average Ignition Interlock Installations
40
Impaired Driving
416
393
372
346
32454,955
57,412
58,509
59,317
63,920
53,000
55,500
58,000
60,500
63,000
65,500
320
360
400
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017
Sob
er M
iles
Dri
ven
(x1
00
0)
Fata
litie
s
Pennsylvania Ignition Interlock EffectivenessAlcohol-Related Fatalities and Sober Miles Driven
5-Year Average Alcohol-Related Fatalities 5-Year Average Sober Miles Driven (x1000)
41
• One of Pennsylvania’s top safety priorities is increasing the rate of properly restrained drivers and passengers. The statewide use rate in 2017 was 85.6%. That year only 11% of crashes involved at least one unbelted person but 31% of people suffering a major injury in a crash and 40% of people killed in a crash were unbelted. According to NHTSA, proper occupant restraint can increase the chance of surviving a crash by up to 60%.
• Pennsylvania law currently allows for primary enforcement of restraint use for drivers and passengers under the age of 18. For those 18 and over, the law allows for secondary enforcement of seat belt use in the front seat of a vehicle only. Pennsylvania is one of only 15 states that does not have a primary seat belt enforcement law covering all ages. Primary seat belt law states average over 90% seat belt use. NHTSA estimates that a 90% seat belt use in PA would save an additional 52 lives, 766 serious injuries, and $227 million in costs each year.
• Pennsylvania’s occupant protection program targets all ages with education and outreach along with high visibility enforcement. The child passenger safety program reaches caregivers, schools and daycares, the medical community, and law enforcement to educate on the proper use of child passenger restraints. A network of certified child passenger safety technicians within communities assist caregivers in proper restraint use, and a network of car seat and booster loan programs receive seats through state funds to loan to families in need.
• The high visibility enforcement program includes funded overtime seat belt enforcement from state and local law enforcement agencies (LEAs) during the two national Click it or Ticket mobilizations. There is also a yearly teen-focused education and enforcement campaign conducted by select local LEAs, and in-kind enforcement from local LEAs during non-mobilization months of the year. Each of these enforcement campaigns are accompanied by national and/or state paid media campaigns, and earned media generated by the PennDOT press office, participating LEAs, and local safety partners.
Occupant Protection
42
Occupant Protection
82
.7%
85
.2%
85
.6%
86
.0%
80%
82%
84%
86%
88%
90%
2015 2016 2017 2018
Sea
t B
elt
Usa
ge
Rat
e
Pennsylvania’s Seat Belt Usage RatePast Data and Future Goals
Pennsylvania Seat Belt Usage Rate Seat Belt Usage Rate Goal
The current goal for seat belt rate usage in Pennsylvania is an increase to 90% over the next 20 years (from 83.8% in 2011 to 90.0% in 2031).
43
Occupant Protection
84
.0%
84
.0%
82
.7%
85
.2%
85
.6%
35.2%32.1%
34.4% 34.3% 33.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Per
cen
tag
e of
Tot
al
Sea
t B
elt
Usa
ge
Rat
e
Pennsylvania Seat Belt EffectivenessSeat Belt Usage Rate and Percentage of Unrestrained Fatalities to State Total
Pennsylvania Seat Belt Usage Rate Percentage of Statewide Highway Fatalities
84
.0%
84
.0%
82
.7%
85
.2%
85
.6%
384355
378 376
355
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Sea
t B
elt
Usa
ge
Rat
e
Pennsylvania Seat Belt EffectivenessSeat Belt Usage Rate and Unbelted Front Seat Occupant Fatalities
Pennsylvania Seat Belt Usage Rate Unbelted Front Seat Fatalities
44
Occupant Protection
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Sea
t B
elt
Usa
ge
Rat
e
Seat Belt Usage ComparisonsPennsylvania versus Primary Law States, Secondary Law States, and Best Secondary Law State
Pennsylvania Seat Belt Usage Rate Average Seatbelt Use Rate in States with Secondary LawSeatbelt Usage Rate in Best Secondary State Average Seatbelt Use Rate in States with Primary Law
45
Younger Drivers
118
109111
110108
100
125
2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020
5-Y
ear
Ave
rag
e Fa
talit
ies
Pennsylvania Younger Driver (Age 16-19) FatalitiesPast Data and Future Goals
5-Year Average Fatalities 5-Year Average Fatality Goals
46
Commercial Vehicle Safety
Stretching from the shores of Lake Erie to the Delaware River, Pennsylvania serves as the gateway to thepopulation centers of the northeastern United States.
According to the 2016 Pennsylvania Highway Statistics report, the percent of daily vehicle-miles travelled(DVMT), compared to the total of all vehicle miles travelled in Pennsylvania, has increased annually since2010. The number of miles DVMT for trucks has increased annually for the last five years resulting in a 6.6%increase in total vehicle miles travelled by trucks since 2012.
For the purposes of analysis, PennDOT defines a “heavy truck” as any single vehicle with a weighting of10,000 pounds or more.
A heavy truck crash or fatality indicates that any vehicle involved was a heavy truck, and does not reflectcrash causation.
47
Commercial Vehicle Safety
15
1
15
4
15
2
15
3
15
2
98.699.9
100.9 101.1 101.6
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
95.0
100.0
105.0
110.0
115.0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017
Veh
icle
Mile
s Tr
avel
ed (
Bill
ion
s)
Hea
vy T
ruck
Fat
alit
ies
Heavy Truck FatalitiesHeavy Truck Fatalities vs. State Vehicle Miles Traveled
5-Year Average Heavy Truck Fatalities 5-Year Average VMT (Billions)
48
MotorcyclesPennsylvania is home to a growing population of motorcycle riders. From 2008 to 2017, Pennsylvania saw a3.6 percent increase in motorcyclists. Because of their size, motorcycles can be easily hidden in blind spotsand are easily overlooked by other drivers. The majority of multivehicle crashes involving a motorcycle overthe past four years have had a vehicle other than the motorcycle cited as the prime contributing factor in thecrash. Therefore it is important that drivers be aware of motorcycles sharing the road. Additionally, roughly 20percent of all motorcycle operators killed in a crash in Pennsylvania were reported as suspected of drug and oralcohol impairment by law enforcement in 2015. Motorcycle fatalities totaled 186 in 2017, accounting forapproximately 16 percent of all traffic fatalities in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania has several programs and effortsin place to stem the rise in motorcycle incidents:
• Pennsylvania’s Share the Road with Motorcycles Campaignencourages motorists to “Watch for Motorcycles” through mediumssuch as billboards, stickers, yard signs, and electronic messageboard messages.
• Live Free Ride Alive is a state-operated safety initiative, including itswebsite, www.LiveFreeRideAlive.com, which is dedicated toinforming the public about motorcycle facts and figures as well asinformation on training programs and motorcycle permit and licensetests.
• Pennsylvania’s Motorcycle Safety Program (www.pamsp.com) hasbeen teaching safe operating practices to riders since 1985. In2017, over 13,000 students were trained at 76 sites across theCommonwealth.
• Total Control training, Inc. provides training services for PAMSP.Courses are continually updated to help better prepare riders.Current courses include: Introduction to riding, Beginner RidingClinic, 3 Wheel riding clinic and intermediate riding clinic .
49
Motorcycles
405,209 401,175 401,439 396,841 377,862
860,377 861,077 860,600 857,478 845,977
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Reg
istr
atio
ns
and
Lic
ense
s
Pennsylvania MotorcyclistsRegistered Motorcycles and Licensed Motorcyclists
Registered Motorcycles Licensed Motorcyclists
67
.4 67
.8
67
.2
66
.9
66
.9
60
62
64
66
68
70
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Mot
orcy
clis
ts p
er1
,00
0 P
opu
lati
on
Pennsylvania MotorcyclistsLicensed Motorcyclists per 1,000 Population
50
21.38
21.22
20.4520.31
19.69
19
20
21
22
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017
Fata
lity
Rat
e
Motorcyclist Fatality RateFatalities per 100M VMT
Motorcycles
51
Motorcycles
2.41 2.34 2.23 2.21
2.181.30 1.24 1.23 1.19
0.40
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017Fata
litie
s an
d C
rash
es p
erN
um
ber
of
Lice
nse
d
Mot
orcy
clis
ts
Pennsylvania Motorcycle CrashesMotorcyclist Fatalities and Crashes per Number of Licensed Motorcyclists
5-Year Average Fatalities per 10,000 Licensed Motorcyclists 5-Year Average Crashes per 100 Licensed Motorcyclists
Helmet Law Repealed in 2003
2.74 2.61 2.61 2.55
0.89
5.06 4.95 4.73 4.71 4.89
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017Fata
litie
s an
d C
rash
es p
erN
um
ber
of
Reg
iste
red
M
otor
cycl
es
Pennsylvania Motorcycle CrashesMotorcyclist Fatalities and Crashes per Number of Registered Motorcycles
5-Year Average Crashes per 100 Registered Motorcycles 5-Year Average Fatalities per 10,000 Registered Motorcycles
Helmet Law Repealed in 2003
52
Pennsylvania is home to a vast network of roadways owned by localmunicipalities. These local roads total at approximately 78,000 miles inlength and represent almost two-thirds of the road mileage in thestate.
In 2017, 15% of fatalities and 25% of reportable crashes occurred onlocal roads in Pennsylvania.
With the goal of improving safety on local roads, PennDOT has twoprograms in place within its Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP):the Local Safe Roads Communities Program and PennDOT DirectedTechnical Assistance Program. Both of these programs are focused onlocal road safety and offer a process of identification andrecommendation for low-cost remediation of high safety risk areas tomunicipal leaders at no cost for the service.
As of July 2016, 114 Local Safe Road Communities Programs and 25PennDOT Technical Assistance Programs(construction-ready, line itemquantities included) have been completed, providing assistance toexamine the municipalities local road system to develop their own localroad safety improvement plan. This program continues to grow andexpand, as more communities are researched. LTAP, District SafetyEngineers, District Bicycle/Pedestrian Coordinators and DistrictMunicipal Service Engineers continue to identify locations to make verylow cost safety improvements.
Local Roads
53
Local Roads
Local Road Crashes,
31,683, 25%
State Road Crashes,
94,336, 75%
2013-2017 Reportable Crash Distribution
Local Road Fatalities, 196,
16%
State Road Fatalities,
1,025, 84%
2013-2017 Traffic Fatality Distribution
Local Road Mileage78,073
65%
State Road Mileage42,184
35%
Roadway Mileage Distribution
Local Road VMT, 16,324,051,950,
16%
State Road VMT, 85,297,142,000,
84%
Vehicle Miles Traveled Distribution
54
Transportation planning is a collaborative effort involving many stakeholders. Some of the most prominentparticipants in the process are the eleven PennDOT Engineering Districts, the 23 Metropolitan and RegionalPlanning Organizations (MPO/RPOs), and one independent county.
Safety Improvement Programs
Note: Highway Safety Summary Reports are developed on an annual basis for all PennDOT Engineering Districts and may beobtained through the contact information on the last page of this report.
55
Safety Improvement Programs
0
50
100
150
200
250
Highway Fatality Trends in Planning Organizations
2013-2017 Average Fatalities 2017 Actual Fatalities 2014-2018 Goals
56
Long-term safety improvement projects will be selected by each MPO and RPO based on needs identifiedthrough an examination of the crash data and through cooperation with PennDOT Engineering Districts andMPO/RPO planning partners.
The primary funding mechanism for highway safety improvements are federal Highway Safety ImprovementProgram (HSIP) funds. These funds are allocated within Pennsylvania based on a formula that utilizes safetydata specific to each region, such as crashes and fatalities, in addition to the traditional formula allocationcomponents of vehicle miles traveled and lane miles.
In alignment with the intent of the FAST Act legislation, the HSIP process is geared towards addressinglocations across the state that are identified as High Crash Locations. These locations are identified byanalyzing crash data using regionalized Safety Performance Functions.
HSIP projects program locations in the following four step selection process:• Address a location on the network screenings with positive excess values• Employ a systematic, proven countermeasure, including implementation of Intersection Safety
Implementation Plan, Roadway Departure Safety Implementation Plan, and Speed Management Action Plan.
• Address a unique location, with executive approval
Additional funding for safety improvements may come through the Low Cost Safety Improvement Program, which is aimed at lower-cost, systematic countermeasures.
Safety Improvement Programs
57
Provides low cost roadway safety improvements/countermeasures to address areas and locations that have high instances of crashes.
Includes, but is not limited to, the following countermeasures: Centerline/Edgeline Rumble Strips Intersection Improvements Curve Safety Improvements Removal of Frequently Hit Trees Utility Pole Relocation Pedestrian Safety Improvements
Pedestrian Countdown Signals Yield To Pedestrian Channelizing
Devices
Low Cost Safety Improvement Program
(LCSIP)
Highway Safety Improvement Program
(HSIP) HSIP Program funds can be used for medium to
high cost roadway safety improvements/ countermeasures to address areas and locations that have high instances of fatalities and seriousinjuries. HSIP funds can also be used to supplement LCSIP projects.
HSIP projects can also utilize the following systematic proven countermeasures, based on problem identification, in the following priority: Centerline Rumble Strips Edgeline/Shoulder Rumble Strips Intersection Safety Implementation Plan Roadway Departure Safety Implementation
Plan Speed Management Action Plan
Safety Improvement Programs
58
3,745
4,832
4,952
5,330
5,563
5,8145,873 6,105
158
152
148
152
148
145
145
148
140
150
160
170
3,500
4,500
5,500
6,500
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s (5
-Yea
r A
vera
ge)
Cu
mu
lati
ve M
iles
Centerline Rumble Strip Miles vs. Head-On Fatalities
Cumulative Miles of Centerline Rumble Strips Non-Intersection Head-On Fatalities (5-Year Average)Non-Intersection Head-On Fatalities Trendline
Safety Improvement Programs
59
Safety Improvement Programs
3,101
4,1014,197
4,4874,579
4,6514,693
4,740
703
680665
626
612
595
569
506500
525
550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
3,000
4,000
5,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s (5
-Yea
r A
vera
ge)
Cu
mu
lati
ve M
iles
Edge-Line Rumble Strip Miles vs. Single Vehicle Run-Off-Road Fatalities
Cumulative Miles of Edgeline Rumble Strips Single Vehicle Run-Off-Road Fatalities (5-Year Average)Non-Intersection Head-On Fatalities Trendline
60
14,584
15,156
16,131
17,077
17,871
18,696
19,519
20,064128,584
126,005
125,244
123,684123,280 123,197
124,379125,194
122,500
123,500
124,500
125,500
126,500
127,500
128,500
129,500
14,000
15,500
17,000
18,500
20,000
21,500
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Cra
shes
(5
-Yea
r A
vera
ge)
Cu
mu
lati
ve P
roje
cts
Low Cost Safety Improvement Projects vs. Statewide Crashes
Cumulative LCSIP Projects Completed 5-Year Average Crashes Statewide Crashes Trendline
Safety Improvement Programs
61
8,116
8,198
8,294
8,371
8,460
8,498
8,571
8,603
139
130
127
117
116 113
108
104
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
8,000
8,250
8,500
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s (5
-Yea
r A
vera
ge)
Cu
mu
lati
ve M
itig
atio
ns
Utility Pole Mitigations vs. Hit Utility Pole Fatalities
Cumulative Utility Pole Mitigations Hit Utility Pole Fatalities (5-Year Average) Hit Utility Pole Fatalities Trendline
Safety Improvement Programs
62
685
910
988
1,109
1,234
1,295
1,386 1,41948,137
47,276
46,910
46,979
46,849
47,001
47,390
47,634
46,750
47,000
47,250
47,500
47,750
48,000
48,250
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Cra
shes
(5
-Yea
r A
vera
ge)
Cu
mu
lati
ve I
mp
rove
men
ts
Intersection Improvements vs. Intersection Crashes
Cumulative Intersection Improvements Completed Intersection Crashes (5-Year Average) Intersection Crashes Trendline
Safety Improvement Programs
63
3,055
3,175
3,425
3,566
3,636 3,6563,694
3,751301
282
277
264
258
247
239
226
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
310
2,850
2,950
3,050
3,150
3,250
3,350
3,450
3,550
3,650
3,750
3,850
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s (5
-Yea
r A
vera
ge)
Cu
mu
lati
ve L
ocat
ion
s
Frequently Hit Tree Removal/Trimming Locations vs. Hit Tree Fatalities
Cumulative Tree Removal/Trimming Locations Hit Tree Fatalities (5-Year Average) Hit Tree Fatalities Trendline
Safety Improvement Programs
64
Safety Improvement Programs
1,741
1,832
1,944
2,059
2,362
2,754
2,893
3,0115,615
5,150
5,060
5,2805,374
5,3775,319
4,2734,200
4,400
4,600
4,800
5,000
5,200
5,400
5,600
1,600
1,800
2,000
2,200
2,400
2,600
2,800
3,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s (5
-Yea
r A
vera
ge)
Cu
mu
lati
ve I
mp
rove
men
ts
Curve-Related Improvements vs. Curve Driver Error Crashes
Cumulative Curve-Related Improvements Completed Curve Driver Error Crashes (5-Year Average) Curve Driver Error Crashes Trendline
65
Safety Improvement Programs
7,141
7,726
8,818
9,818
10,818
11,233
11,648
12,078
150
146
149
150
156 157
162
158
145
150
155
160
165
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s (5
-Yea
r A
vera
ge)
Cu
mu
lati
ve D
evic
es D
eplo
yed
Yield To Pedestrian Channelizing Devices vs. Pedestrian Fatalities
Cumulative Number of YTPCD Deployed Pedestrian Fatalities (5-Year Average) Curve Driver Error Crashes Trendline
66
In order to develop context for the progress Pennsylvania is making in its highway safety improvement efforts, NHTSA FARS data from seven similar states was collected and compared.
Similar states for benchmarking were determined based on the following factors:- Population - Urban/Rural Proportions (Land Area, Population, and VMT)- Land Area - Federal Highway Safety Grant Money Received
The seven similar states for benchmarking are:• Florida• Georgia• Illinois
For comparison purposes, the following safety parameters were compared: Driving Laws 5-Year Average Traffic Fatalities Percent Reduction in 5-Year Average Traffic Fatalities 5-Year Average Traffic Fatalities per 100,000 Population Rural and Urban Fatality Rates 5-Year Average Unbelted Fatalities Seat Belt Usage Rates
Benchmarking
• Michigan• New York
• North Carolina• Ohio
67
* No official law** Red light cameras only
State Driving Law Comparison
State Automated EnforcementAggressive
Driving LawsBAC 0.08
MCH (Motorcycle
Helmet)
PSB (Primary Seat Belt
Law)
GDL (Graduated
Drivers License)
ALR (Administrative
License Revocation)
Sober CheckPoint Allowed
Cellphone Hand-held
Ban
Cellphone Texting
Ban
Florida Statewide** Yes 1994 Repealed 2000 2009 Yes 1990 Yes No No
Georgia Statewide** Yes 2001 1969 1996 Yes 1994 Yes No Yes
Illinois Yes No 1997 Repealed 1970 2003 Yes 1986 Yes Yes Yes
Michigan No No 2003 Repealed 2012 2000 Yes None No No Yes
New York Cities Pop.>1 million.; 150 intersections/city** No 2003 1967 1984 Yes None Yes Yes Yes
North Carolina Some cities** Yes 1993 1968 1985 Yes 1984 Yes No Yes
Ohio Municipalities* No 2003 Repealed 1978 None Yes 1993 Yes No No
Pennsylvania Philadelphia** Yes 2003 Repealed 2003 None Yes None Yes No Yes
Benchmarking
68
Benchmarking
-4.1
%
-3.0
%
-1.5
%
-0.5
%
1.4
%
-0.9
%
-0.6
%
2.0
%
-6.1
%
-5.3
%
-3.4
%
-3.9
%
2.2
%
-3.5
%
-2.2
%
1.5
%
-7%
-5%
-3%
-1%
1%
3%
5%
Per
cen
t R
edu
ctio
n
Percent Reduction of Traffic Fatalities5-Year Averages; NHTSA FARS Data
Percent Reduction in 5-Year Average Fatalities, 2010-2014 to 2011-2015 Percent Reduction in 5-Year Average Fatalities, 2011-2015 to 2012-2016
2,4
34
1,2
02
94
3
92
4
1,1
58
1,2
83
1,0
43
1,2
65
2,5
33
1,2
38
95
7
92
8
1,1
42
1,2
95
1,0
49
1,2
40
2,6
88
1,3
04
99
0
96
4
1,1
17
1,3
40
1,0
72
1,2
21
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Florida Georgia Illinois Michigan New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania
Traf
fic
Fata
litie
s
Traffic Fatalities5-Year Averages; NHTSA FARS Data
5-Year Average Fatalities, 2010 - 2014 5-Year Average Fatalities, 2011 - 2015 5-Year Average Fatalities, 2012 - 2016
69
Benchmarking
1.5
9
1.7
9
1.6
9
1.3
3
1.2
5
2.4
5
1.4
9
1.6
9
3.3
0
2.0
1
1.7
1
1.4
2 1.8
3 2.3
0
1.4
6 1.8
8
0.9
6
0.8
2
0.6
3
0.7
6
0.6
6
0.5
4
0.6
4
0.9
1
0.9
7
1.0
3
0.7
9
0.9
1
0.5
8
0.7
0
0.7
3
0.8
1
-0.50
0.50
1.50
2.50
3.50
Florida Georgia Illinois Michigan New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania
Fata
lity
Rat
es
Rural and Urban Fatality RatesNHTSA FARS Data
Rural Fatality Rate, 2015 Rural Fatality Rate, 2016 Urban Fatality Rate, 2015 Urban Fatality Rate, 2016
12
.9 15
.1
7.4
9.4
5.8
13
.1
9.1 9.7
13
.5
12
.9
7.7
9.7
5.7
13
.5
9.2 9.5
0
5
10
15
20
Florida Georgia Illinois Michigan New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania
Traf
fic
Fata
litie
s p
er
10
0,0
00
Pop
ula
tion
Traffic Fatalities per 100,000 Population5-Year Averages; NHTSA FARS Data
5-Year Average Traffic Fatalities per 100,000 Population, 2011-2015 5-Year Average Traffic Fatalities per 100,000 Population, 2012-2016
70
Benchmarking
89
.0%
97
.0%
95
.0%
93
.0%
92
.0%
90
.0%
84
.0%
83
.6%9
0.0
%
97
.0%
93
.0%
95
.0%
92
.0%
92
.0%
84
.0%
85
.0%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Florida Georgia Illinois Michigan New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania
Sea
tbel
t U
sag
e R
ate
Seat Belt Usage RateNHTSA FARS Data
Seat Belt Usage Rate, 2015 Seat Belt Usage Rate, 2016
57
1
38
8
26
2
19
7
18
1
37
0
37
7 43
7
72
0
33
1
26
5
15
8
17
4
38
1
37
6 41
9
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Florida Georgia Illinois Michigan New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania
Fata
litie
s
Unbelted Fatalities5- Year Averages; NHTSA FARS Data
5-Year Average Unbelted Fatalities, 2011-2015 5-Year Average Unbelted Fatalities, 2012-2016
71
Statistical Analysis
The correlation coefficient, r, measures the strength of the relationship between two variables and results in a determination of strong or weak.
If r = 1.0 there is perfect correlation.If r = -1.0 there is perfect negative or inverse correlation.If 0 < r < 1, both variables tend to increase or decrease together.If -1 < r < 0, one variable increases as the other decreases.
The following is a general interpretation of r values (positive and negative):0.0-0.2: Very Weak0.2-0.4: Weak0.4-0.7: Moderate0.9-1.0: Very Strong
The coefficient of determination, r2,is used to give the proportion of the variance (fluctuation) of one variable that is predictable from the other. This coefficient helps to explain how well the regression (trend) line represents the data. For example, if the r2= 0.85, we can say that approximately 85% of the data can be explained, while 15% cannot.
Confidence Interval is the range on either side of the sample mean (trend line) and are used to indicate the reliability of an estimate. The confidence interval lines are limits on either side of the trend line to help predict the next value.
The upper and lower confidence levels at 67.5 and 95 percent parallel the trend line. If both the trend and confidence interval lines are extended you can predict the next value will fall within its respective interval line.
*Please note that in the following chart titles “x” and “y” represent the x axis and the y axis.
Statistical Analysis
72
Statistical Analysis
1,468
1,256
1,324 1,286 1,310
1,208 1,1951,200
1,188
1,137
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Pennsylvania Highway Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 24.27 per year since 2008. r = -0.859 (Strong correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.738 (Trend line explains 73.8% of fatalities)
1,518
1,471 1,4131,365 1,329 1,277
1,265
1,240
1,220
1,186
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
2004-2008 2005-2009 2006-2010 2007-2011 2008-2012 2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017
Fata
litie
s
5-Year Average Highway Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 32.55 per year since 2004-2008. r = -0.9837 (Very Strong correlation between x and y)r2 = 0.9677 (Trend line explains 96.77% of fatalities)
73
Statistical Analysis
567
451
524509 503
425 383 413
408
378
300
400
500
600
700
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Unrestrained Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 16.43 per year since 2008. r = -0.8451 (Strong correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.7143 (Trend line explains 71.43% of fatalities)
516
419
485462 470
384355 378 376
355
200
300
400
500
600
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Unbelted Front Seat Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 14.68 per year since 2008. r = -0.8396 (Strong correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.7049 (Trend line explains 70.49% of fatalities)
74
Statistical Analysis
594
500 515481
476449
392
406
341
270100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Impaired Driving Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 26.55 per year since 2008. r = -0.9589 (Very Strong correlation between x and y)r2 = 0.9194 (Trend line explains 91.94% of fatalities)
78
8185
78
86
74
78
8895
78
50
75
100
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Distracted/Drowsy Driver Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been increasing at a rate of 0.55 per year since 2008. r = 0.2935 (Weak correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.0861 (Trend line explains 8.61% of fatalities)
75
Statistical Analysis
141130
168
168 191
145
134119
128124
75
100
125
150
175
200
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Aggressive Driving Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 3.05 per year since 2008. r = -0.4385 (Moderate correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.1923 (Trend line explains 19.23% of fatalities)
699
585
661
579 598
506 465 508
505
463
400
500
600
700
800
900
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Speeding-Related Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 21.18 per year since 2008. r = -0.8805 (Strong correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.7753 (Trend line explains 77.53% of fatalities)
76
Statistical Analysis
64
40
5766
44
27
3735
47
40
0
25
50
75
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Younger Driver (Age 16-17) Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 2.08 per year since 2008. r = -0.5444 (Moderate correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.2964 (Trend line explains 29.64% of fatalities)
259
276
266
244
276 277
300279
267
270
220
240
260
280
300
320
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Older Driver (Age 65+) Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been increasing at a rate of 1.47 per year since 2008. r = 0.3406 (Weak correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.116 (Trend line explains 11.6% of fatalities)
77
Statistical Analysis
142
136
148 149
168
151
166
153
172
150
120
140
160
180
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Pedestrian Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been increasing at a rate of 2.09 per year since 2008. r = 0.6045 (Moderate correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.3654 (Trend line explains 36.54% of fatalities)
9
1…
21
11
16
11
19
16 16
21
0
5
10
15
20
25
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Bicyclist Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been increasing at a rate of 0.56 per year since 2008. r = 0.449 (Moderate correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.2016 (Trend line explains 20.16% of fatalities)
78
Statistical Analysis
236
204
223
199
210
181186
179
192 185
150
175
200
225
250
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Motorcycle Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 4.53 per year since 2008. r = -0.8053 (Strong correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.6486 (Trend line explains 64.86% of fatalities)
184
136156 155
159
148151
146
160
155
125
150
175
200
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Heavy Truck Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 0.91 per year since 2008. r = -0.2451 (Weak correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.0601 (Trend line explains 6.01% of fatalities)
79
Statistical Analysis
4
0
1
6
12
7 4
3
3
0
2
4
6
8
10
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Train/Vehicle Crash Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been increasing at a rate of 0.17 per year since 2008. r = 0.2547 (Weak correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.0649 (Trend line explains 6.49% of fatalities)
72
76
70 69
54
4854
69
59
52
40
60
80
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Vehicle Failure (Any Factor) Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 1.94 per year since 2008. r = -0.655 (Moderate correlation between x and y)r2 = 0.429 (Trend line explains 42.9% of fatalities)
80
Statistical Analysis
235
197
220
213203
182200
233
180 183
150
175
200
225
250
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Local Road (Only) Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 3.17 per year since 2008. r = -0.5265 (Moderate correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.2772 (Trend line explains 27.72% of fatalities)
23
23
2121 22
16
24 24
16 19
10
20
30
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Work Zone (All People) Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 3.17 per year since 2008. r = -0.5265 (Moderate correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.2772 (Trend line explains 27.72% of fatalities)
81
Statistical Analysis
761
601
665648 648
566 534
580518
506
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Single Vehicle Run-Off-Road Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 20.32 per year since 2008. r = -0.8653 (Strong correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.7488 (Trend line explains 74.88% of fatalities)
630
511
553529
533
467425
459
401
402
350
450
550
650
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Hit Fixed Object Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 20.02 per year since 2008. r = -0.915 (Very Strong correlation between x and y)r2 = 0.8372 (Trend line explains 83.72% of fatalities)
82
Statistical Analysis
159
177175
156 148
178
151
176159
148120
145
170
195
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Head On Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 1.12 per year since 2008. r = -0.3007 (Weak correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.0904 (Trend line explains 9.04% of fatalities)
287
280267 270
294
246
271
251
279
265
200
250
300
350
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fata
litie
s
Intersection Fatality Trend
Observed Linear Trend Upper 95% Confidence Upper 67.5% Confidence Lower 67.5% Confidence Lower 95% Confidence
Fatalities have been decreasing at a rate of 1.8 per year since 2008. r = -0.4054 (Moderate correlation between x and y)
r2 = 0.1643 (Trend line explains 16.43% of fatalities)
83
Statistical Analysis
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 20175-Year Average 2013-
2017Percent Change 2016 to 2017
Percent Change 2017 vs. 5-Year Avg
Percent Change 2010 to 2017
Fatalities 444 425 402 369 326 337 297 293 346 -12% -14% -34%Serious Injuries 882 812 872 780 674 682 878 817 777 29% 13% -7%Total Injuries 9,155 9,069 9,121 8,434 7,806 7,525 6,183 7,170 7,814 -18% -21% -22%
Reportable Crashes 12,387 11,778 11,924 11,023 10,537 10,549 10,255 10,332 10,858 -3% -6% -17%Fatalities 524 509 503 425 383 413 408 378 426 -1% -4% -28%
Serious Injuries 893 926 870 871 763 734 1,007 911 849 37% 19% 2%Total Injuries 17,229 18,355 17,183 15,630 14,306 14,533 14,756 15,379 15,282 2% -3% -11%
Reportable Crashes 15,442 16,298 15,528 14,436 13,627 13,534 14,992 14,309 14,423 11% 4% -7%Fatalities 85 78 86 74 78 88 95 73 84 8% 13% -14%
Serious Injuries 347 305 336 271 260 291 491 492 330 69% 49% 42%Total Injuries 12,280 12,091 12,686 11,801 11,518 11,957 10,445 11,555 11,681 -13% -11% -6%
Reportable Crashes 16,195 16,712 17,316 16,832 16,543 17,426 18,685 18,226 17,360 7% 8% 13%Fatalities 168 168 191 145 134 119 128 124 143 8% -10% -26%
Serious Injuries 276 296 288 281 269 276 425 393 308 54% 38% 42%Total Injuries 5,341 5,788 6,183 5,793 5,730 5,536 5,408 5,585 5,730 -2% -6% 5%
Reportable Crashes 5,755 6,318 6,744 7,036 6,877 6,761 6,996 6,828 6,883 3% 2% 19%Fatalities 661 579 598 506 465 508 505 463 516 -1% -2% -30%
Serious Injuries 1,096 1,101 1,131 1,028 928 763 1,399 1,261 1,050 83% 33% 15%Total Injuries 21,131 22,035 21,605 21,456 19,921 20,289 17,757 20,683 20,206 -12% -12% -2%
Reportable Crashes 28,627 31,023 30,053 31,569 29,974 31,326 30,946 31,000 30,774 -1% 1% 8%Fatalities 57 66 44 27 37 35 47 40 38 34% 24% -30%
Serious Injuries 217 183 153 138 108 119 172 192 138 45% 25% -12%Total Injuries 5,488 5,152 4,931 4,416 3,783 4,231 4,150 4,394 4,302 -2% -4% -20%
Reportable Crashes 7,105 6,935 6,723 6,419 5,763 6,273 6,671 6,727 6,370 6% 5% -5%Fatalities 266 244 276 277 300 279 267 270 280 -4% -5% 2%
Serious Injuries 488 432 468 495 496 472 773 780 541 64% 43% 60%Total Injuries 15,654 15,503 15,763 16,157 16,175 16,325 16,364 17,021 16,157 0% 1% 9%
Reportable Crashes 17,555 17,603 18,219 18,727 18,805 19,948 21,125 21,319 19,365 6% 9% 21%Fatalities 148 149 168 151 166 153 172 150 162 12% 6% 1%
Serious Injuries 335 345 361 335 270 328 429 455 345 31% 24% 36%Total Injuries 5,115 5,367 5,179 4,988 4,523 4,553 4,402 4,040 4,729 -3% -7% -21%
Reportable Crashes 4,450 4,506 4,537 4,374 4,000 4,001 4,201 4,086 4,223 5% -1% -8%Fatalities 21 11 16 11 19 16 16 21 16 0% 0% 0%
Serious Injuries 67 66 57 66 46 53 99 96 64 87% 55% 43%Total Injuries 1,645 1,490 1,532 1,522 1,425 1,403 1,355 1,258 1,447 -3% -6% -24%
Reportable Crashes 1,483 1,316 1,373 1,384 1,309 1,272 1,305 1,142 1,329 3% -2% -23%
Strategic Focus Areas
Unre-strained
Distracted/Drowsy Driver
Impa
ired
Driv
ing
Alcohol-Related
Occ
upan
t Pr
otec
tion
Dis
trac
ted/
Dro
wsy
D
rivin
g
Aggressive Driving
Speeding-Related
Age 16-17 Driver
Age 65+ Driver
Pedestrian
Bicyclist
Youn
ger
Driv
ers
Old
er
Driv
ers
Pede
stria
nBi
cycl
esAg
gres
sive
Driv
ing
84
Statistical Analysis
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 20175-Year Average 2013-
2017Percent Change 2016 to 2017
Percent Change 2017 vs. 5-Year Avg
Percent Change 2010 to 2017
Fatalities 223 199 210 181 186 179 192 185 190 7% 1% -17%Serious Injuries 600 544 572 478 480 437 720 616 537 65% 34% 3%Total Injuries 4,305 3,932 4,296 3,611 3,501 3,619 2,927 3,340 3,591 -19% -18% -22%
Reportable Crashes 4,016 3,637 3,985 3,427 3,284 3,413 3,454 3,194 3,513 1% -2% -20%Fatalities 156 155 159 148 151 146 160 155 153 10% 5% -1%
Serious Injuries 222 230 216 203 207 193 299 323 224 55% 33% 45%Total Injuries 4,182 4,323 4,143 4,066 4,238 4,364 4,027 4,285 4,168 -8% -3% 2%
Reportable Crashes 5,844 6,344 5,889 6,121 6,596 6,916 6,740 6,807 6,452 -3% 4% 16%Fatalities 1 6 1 2 7 4 3 3 3 -25% 0% 200%
Serious Injuries 2 4 2 3 4 2 4 1 3 100% 33% -50%Total Injuries 148 87 131 73 104 87 59 83 91 -32% -35% -44%
Reportable Crashes 76 54 59 55 74 54 52 45 59 -4% -12% -41%Fatalities 21 21 22 16 24 24 16 19 20 -33% -20% -10%
Serious Injuries 57 51 44 39 35 36 59 60 43 64% 37% 5%Total Injuries 1,505 1,425 1,227 1,354 1,322 1,396 1,320 1,199 1,324 -5% 0% -20%
Reportable Crashes 1,884 1,811 1,661 1,845 1,845 1,935 2,075 1,789 1,872 7% 11% -5%Fatalities 220 213 203 182 200 233 180 183 200 -23% -10% -17%
Serious Injuries 850 746 800 689 660 689 963 976 760 40% 27% 15%Total Injuries 23,849 23,216 24,079 22,319 21,195 21,800 21,566 22,107 22,192 -1% -3% -7%
Reportable Crashes 32,970 30,766 31,922 31,567 30,138 32,011 32,309 32,390 31,589 1% 2% -2%Fatalities 553 529 533 467 425 459 401 402 457 -13% -12% -27%
Serious Injuries 1,225 1,248 1,272 1,133 1,038 1,011 1,413 1,318 1,173 40% 20% 8%Total Injuries 21,595 22,485 21,936 21,516 19,824 20,178 17,823 16,692 20,255 -12% -12% -23%
Reportable Crashes 37,522 40,102 39,185 40,360 38,551 39,885 38,244 37,824 39,245 -4% -3% 1%Fatalities 295 252 267 254 221 240 211 205 239 -12% -12% -31%
Serious Injuries 586 497 517 493 411 418 566 556 481 35% 18% -5%Total Injuries 6,567 6,658 6,660 6,379 5,770 5,753 5,001 5,520 5,913 -13% -15% -16%
Reportable Crashes 9,070 9,543 9,633 9,753 8,937 9,092 8,818 8,699 9,247 -3% -5% -4%Fatalities 127 121 118 103 113 111 97 94 108 -13% -10% -26%
Serious Injuries 303 294 350 285 281 270 362 323 310 34% 17% 7%Total Injuries 5,617 6,024 5,970 5,707 5,341 5,586 4,963 5,052 5,513 -11% -10% -10%
Reportable Crashes 8,334 9,200 9,093 9,015 8,929 9,243 8,784 8,788 9,013 -5% -3% 5%Fatalities 133 162 137 116 111 113 130 109 121 15% 7% -18%
Serious Injuries 219 266 265 267 205 217 298 255 250 37% 19% 16%Total Injuries 4,047 4,252 3,673 3,535 3,562 3,487 2,976 3,023 3,447 -15% -14% -25%
Reportable Crashes 6,653 7,189 6,859 7,014 7,036 7,422 6,863 6,808 7,039 -8% -3% 2%
Hit Tree
Motor-cyclist
Heavy Truck
Vehicle/ Train
Work Zone
Local Road
Strategic Focus Areas
Mot
orcy
cle
Hit
Fixe
d O
bjec
tH
eavy
Tr
uck
Vehi
cle/
Tr
ain
Wor
k Zo
neLo
cal R
oad
Hit Utility Pole
Hit Guide Rail
Hit Fixed Object
85
Statistical Analysis
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 20175-Year Average 2013-
2017Percent Change 2016 to 2017
Percent Change 2017 vs. 5-Year Avg
Percent Change 2010 to 2017
Fatalities 665 648 648 566 534 580 518 506 569 -11% -9% -24%Serious Injuries 1,573 1,575 1,607 1,405 1,303 1,274 1,825 1,691 1,483 43% 23% 8%Total Injuries 26,793 27,840 27,136 26,315 23,935 24,547 21,792 22,779 24,745 -11% -12% -15%
Reportable Crashes 45,256 48,120 46,928 47,736 45,342 47,331 45,868 45,402 46,641 -3% -2% 0%Fatalities 175 156 148 178 151 176 159 148 162 -10% -2% -15%
Serious Injuries 451 451 419 440 419 438 588 582 461 34% 28% 29%Total Injuries 7,587 7,496 7,195 6,649 6,495 6,905 6,605 4,915 6,770 -4% -2% -35%
Reportable Crashes 6,964 7,162 6,542 6,549 6,359 6,941 7,326 7,115 6,743 6% 9% 2%
Fatalities 84 48 40 21 25 40 11 11 27 -73% -59% -87%Serious Injuries 84 76 63 50 62 70 23 29 54 -67% -57% -65%Total Injuries 909 883 889 699 798 852 165 145 681 -81% -76% -84%
Reportable Crashes 928 900 865 737 838 840 164 132 689 -80% -76% -86%Fatalities 267 270 294 246 271 251 279 265 268 11% 4% -1%
Serious Injuries 1,021 982 1,029 1,010 947 915 1,465 1,374 1,073 60% 37% 35%Total Injuries 41,791 42,275 42,298 39,862 37,657 38,262 39,093 40,008 39,434 2% -1% -4%
Reportable Crashes 46,273 47,618 47,957 47,334 45,064 47,033 49,562 49,177 47,390 5% 5% 6%
Fatalities 90 87 86 82 80 86 102 100 87 19% 17% 11%Serious Injuries 372 336 343 384 341 338 574 494 396 70% 45% 33%Total Injuries 18,395 18,863 19,005 17,757 17,150 17,490 17,680 18,164 17,816 1% -1% -1%
Reportable Crashes 18,252 18,994 19,218 18,840 18,281 19,035 19,853 19,544 19,045 4% 4% 7%
Fatalities 87 104 108 99 105 89 103 87 101 16% 2% 0%Serious Injuries 328 316 329 297 297 288 435 436 329 51% 32% 33%Total Injuries 13,117 12,785 12,443 12,122 11,626 11,331 11,831 12,174 11,871 4% 0% -7%
Reportable Crashes 14,778 14,545 14,397 14,721 14,329 14,398 15,200 15,213 14,609 6% 4% 3%Fatalities 1,324 1,286 1,310 1,208 1,195 1,200 1,188 1,137 1,220 -1% -3% -14%
Serious Injuries 3,556 3,402 3,455 3,248 3,040 3,030 4,397 4,227 3,434 45% 28% 19%Total Injuries 95,129 95,737 94,762 90,215 86,527 89,131 86,162 88,547 89,359 -3% -4% -7%
Reportable Crashes 121,217 125,322 124,062 124,077 121,309 127,127 129,395 128,188 125,194 2% 3% 6%
Hea
d O
n
Head On
Cross Median
Inte
rsec
tion
Signalized Intersection
Stop Controlled Intersection
TOTAL
TOTA
L
Intersection
Strategic Focus Areas
Run-
Off-
Road Single Vehicle Run-
Off-Road
86
Methodology: Fatality Rate and Suspected Serious Injury Rate
After 2016 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) count was increased by 1% (Projection for the upcoming year).
Note: A 1% increase was determined in observation of historical trends in VMT.
Fatality Rate Projection is calculated by:
1. The most recent year, fatality count is reduced by 2% (Targeted fatality count for the upcoming year).2. The fatality rate per 100 million VMT is calculated for each of the 5 most recent consecutive years ending
in the year for which the targets are established.3. The fatality rates (Rounded to the hundredth decimal place) are added together.4. The sum of the fatality rates is divided by five and rounded to the thousandth decimal place.
Suspected Serious Injury Rate Projection is calculated by:
1. The most recent year, suspected serious injury count is reduced by 2% (Targeted suspected serious injurycount for the upcoming year).
2. The suspected serious injury rate per 100 million VMT is calculated for each of the 5 most recentconsecutive years ending in the year for which the targets are established.
3. The suspected serious injury rates (Rounded to the hundredth decimal place) are added together.4. The sum of the suspected serious injury rates is divided by five and rounded to the thousandth decimal
place.
Safety Performance Management MeasuresAgency/Docket Number: FHWA-2013-0020
Document number: 2016-05202Document Citation: 81 FR 13881
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Highway Safety Manual Tools and Resources
In January 2016 Penn State University completed research for Pennsylvania Regionalized Safety Performance Factors (SPFs). These regionalized SPFs allow for a more accurate way to predict crash frequencies. Pennsylvania continues to strive for more Data Driven Safety Analysis using the Highway Safety Manual (HSM). The following tools and resources are now available through the ECMS, File Cabinet.
Folder Name Version File ADV-General Requirements PennDOT HSM Tool A 12/1/2017 Primary (Pa Specific) Crash Frequency
Analysis tool
ADV-General Requirements PennDOT HSM Tool B 08/08/2018
Alternatives and Safety Benefit Tool (Requires file export from PennDOT HSM Tool A)
ADV-General Requirements PennDOT HSM Tool User Manual 10/04/2018 Guide: In reference to PennDOT HSM Tool
A & BADV-General Requirements
Regionalized Safety Performance Functions Report 10/17/2017 Reference to the development of PA
specific, Safety Performance Functions.
The ECMS Home page is at the following hyperlink:https://www.dot14.state.pa.us/ECMS/
(If you do not have password access to ECMS you may log-in as a guest.)After logging onto ECMS you will need to click on the “References” link (the last tab on the dark-blue task-bar). In the drop-down menu, click on “File Cabinet”.
HSM Tools and Resource contacts:
John GrigalonisCivil Engineer, TransportationPennDOT Bureau of Maintenance & Operations(717) [email protected]
Jason HershockManager – Safety Engineering & Risk Management UnitPennDOT Bureau of Maintenance & Operations(717) [email protected]
88
Highway Safety Manual Tools and Resources
In Addition, the following resources are available on the PennDOT Safety Site:
PennDOT HSM Analysis Tools• Tool A (Existing Condition Analysis)• Tool B (Alternatives analysis)• User Manual
Supplements• Tool B Lane and Shoulder Width Supplement 1• Tool B Lane and Shoulder Width Supplement 2
Data• State Road Horizontal Curve Inventory (2017)• Local Road Traffic Count(2018)
To access the resources click on the hyperlink above. Next, Click on the “ Safety Infrastructure Improvement” window located mid–way down the screen. The resources are located to the right hand side under “PENNSYLVANIA HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL(HSM) TOOLS & DATA”
89
Gavin E. Gray, P.E. | Highway Safety Section ChiefPA Department of Transportation | Bureau of Maintenance and OperationsHighway Safety and Traffic Operations Division400 North Street, 6th Floor | Harrisburg, PA 17120Phone: 717.783.1190 | Fax: 717.783.8012
Contact Information