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ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
State of Vocational Education in the OIC and Lessons Learnt from the Selected Case Studies
10/5/20181
Dr. Md Shahadat Hossain KhanProfessorDepartment of Technical and Vocational Education (TVE);Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh.Tel. +880 2 9291253-9 ext,Mob: +8801798470248Email: [email protected]; [email protected]: http://tve.iutoic-dhaka.edu/faculty.php?id=7
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Objectives
Section One: Identified skills requirement in OIC member states
Section Two: Justification of choosing case countries
Section Three: Key aspects of vocational education in case countries
Section Four: Poverty eradication through skill training
Section Five: Main Challenges observed in case countries
Section Six: Policy recommendations (General & Country Specific)
Section Seven: Regulatory Framework
10/5/20182
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Section One: identified skills requirement in OIC member states
TVET Sectors Skills in OIC country
Three broad categories of TVET skills:
Technical skills
Cognitive skills,
Non-cognitive or Soft skills(Jayaram and Engmann, 2017)
3
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Skills GAP in Asia (OIC country focused)
Sou
th A
sia Non-cognitive skills: communication, leadership,
teamwork, honesty/ethics, and flexibility
Cognitive skills :critical thinking, analytical skills, conceptual understanding, quest for knowledge
(Jayaram and Engmann, 2017) 4
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Skills GAP in Arab Region (OIC country focused)
Ara
bCognitive skills:problem solving, independent
thinking ability, and creativity skills
Technical Skills: specific areas
Soft skills: communications, attitude, and language
The Bayt.com, May 2016 5
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Skills gap in Africa (OIC country focused)
10/5/20186
Afr
ica
Cognitive skills:learning to learn” skills. It also encompasses numeracy, literacy
Technical Skills with social and citizenship
Soft skills: communication skills, individual development skills, and ability to contribute to a Pan-African identity
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Section Two: Justification of choosing case countries Case Countries
Bangladesh
• Government Initiatives
• Reform
Palestine
• Challenging
• Need attention
Uganda
• Poverty Reduction
• Skilling Uganda
Australia
• AQF
• Leading
• Industrial linkage
10/5/20187
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Skills required for Bangladesh
Type Skills set
Crucial Technical skills(core skills for specific task)
Good Communication skills ICT skills Language
Urgent Analyze & solve complex problem Sincerity Negotiation skills
Reasonable Conceptual understanding Hands on experience Leadership Teamwork Time management Positive thinking & Attitude Self-management & Accounting skills
8
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Skills required in Uganda
Type Skills Set
Crucial Technical skills(core skills for specific task)
Hands-on experience ICT skills
Business (Entrepreneurship)
Value and ethics Negotiation skills
Urgent Sincerity Analyze & problem solving
Multitasking communication skills
Reasonable Leadership Adaptability Team work Time management Self-management Positive thinking & attitude
Physical fitness Conceptual
understanding Aptitude Loyalty Language
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Skills required in OIC
Type Skills set
Crucial Technical skills (core skills for specific task)
Hands-on experience Communication skill
Negotiation skills ICT skills
Urgent Sincerity Analyze & problem solving Quest for knowledge
Value & Ethics Language Influencing skills
Reasonable Leadership Team work Time management Self-management Positive thinking & Attitude
Physical fitness Multitasking Loyalty Adaptability Accounting skills
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Skills required in Australia
Australia
Teamwork
Problem solving
Initiative & Entrepreneurship
Job focused skill (Technical)
Technology
Self-management
learning 11
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Section Three: Key aspects of vocational education in case countries
Key Aspects of TVET in Bangladesh
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
National Technical and Vocational Qualifications Framework (NTVQF) – 6 levels
4 years diploma program
The rate of enrolment is increasing (1.2% in 1998 and 23.95% in 2016)
Quality assurance: There is no specific unit established yet
10/5/201812
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Cont..
Teaching Strategy focus more on skill training than theoretical knowledge
Peoples’ perceptions about TVET sector is an issue (social awareness about TVET
sector increases day by day)
Social recognition (status) is poor
Special emphasis on Poor student: Government has policy for providing stipend
for all female students and poor male students. Around 4 million students get
stipend in 2016-17 fiscal year (BTEB, 2017)
10/5/201813
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Key Aspects of TVET in Palestine
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
They could not finalize a national qualification framework (NQF)
2 Years diploma (after 10 years)
6.47% of the total number of Palestinian students
10/5/201814
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Cont..
Quality assurance: MoEHE jointly work together for ensuring quality in TVET via
the Accreditation and Quality Assurance Commission (AQAC).
Teaching Strategy focus more on skill training than theoretical knowledge
Peoples’ perceptions about TVET sector: they prefer to enter higher education
(Gaza)
Special emphasis on Poor student: Vocational education is not completely free in
Gaza
10/5/201815
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Key Aspects of TVET in Uganda
Business, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (BTVET)
Uganda Vocational Qualifications Framework (UVQF). (Levels 5)
2 years advanced diploma (after 11 years)
The enrolment of students is increasing ( in 2007=21763 and in 2016 =45242)
10/5/201816
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Cont..
Teaching Strategy focus more on skill training than theoretical knowledge
Quality assurance: The organized quality assurance unit is largely absent
Peoples’ perceptions about TVET sector: The importance of TVET is being
realised and acknowledged gradually
Special emphasis on Poor student: Uganda does not have provision for free long
term TVET programs for poor people. The empirical data of this study shows that
it offers few short vocational training programs free for poor people
10/5/201817
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Key Aspects of TVET in Australia
Australian Vocational Education and Training (VET) , Most popular provider is
Technical and Further Education (TEFE)
Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) (Ten levels)
Diploma 2-3 years
The participation rate (aged 15 to 64 years) is estimated at 24.2% (in 2016)
10/5/201818
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Cont..
Teaching Strategy identified two broad teaching strategies (teacher-focused to
student focused)
Quality assurance: VET sectors are very much concerned and have practiced
Peoples’ perceptions: VET is not preferred as an academic choice by all students
of Australia
Social recognition (status) is very high
Special emphasis on Poor student: VET courses and programs are not free in
Australia
10/5/201819
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Section Four: Poverty eradication through skill training Poverty eradication through skill acquisition (Generalised OIC)
10/5/201820
EradicationPoverty
Gaining Jobs
Socio-economic
Status
Entrepreneurship
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Bangladesh Context: Initiatives towards Poverty eradication
Bangladesh TVET sectors have provision to attract poor people.
Government provides free skill trainings for students from poor families.
The government and private sectors do not have sufficient scope to create jobs.
The skill training of Bangladesh has reduced poverty levels in the country.
The poor people could not manage resources to enroll for skill training.
The country has few initiatives to send skilled manpower to other countries.
10/5/201821
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Palestine Context: Initiatives towards Poverty eradication
Palestine does not have provision to attract poor people towards skilled training.
The government and private sectors do not have initiative to create jobs.
The poor people could not manage resources to enroll for skill training.
The country has no provision to send skilled manpower to other countries.
TVET graduates have been actively involved in creating jobs trough entrepreneurship.
10/5/201822
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Uganda Context: Initiatives towards poverty eradication
Uganda has provision to attract poor people towards skilled training.
Government does not provide free skills for students from poor families.
The government and private sectors do have initiative to create jobs for skilled people.
The skill training has reduced poverty levels in the country.
The poor people could not manage resources to enroll for skill training.
The country has a provision to send skilled manpower to other countries.
TVET graduates have been actively involved in creating jobs trough entrepreneurship.
10/5/201823
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Section Five: Main Challenges observed in case countries
Main Challenges observed in Bangladesh
Teachers: Shortage of specialized teachers and a lack of competent instructors
Lack of facilities: (modern equipment, lab, machineries) for offering updated skill
training and inadequate TVET institutions
Old curriculum
10/5/201824
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Cont..
language barriers: cannot send many of their skilled people to foreign countries
There is a lack of industrial linkage with TVET institutions
Negative attitude and
social value
10/5/201825
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Main Challenges observed in Palestine
War and Siege: TVET sectors of Gaza Strip are facing few serious problems, For instance(Qualitative data)
Continual war destroyed the overall socio-economic condition of Gaza Strip. Peoples’ income levels, students’ enrollment, their future, and social stability are heavily affected due to continual war and siege.
TVET sectors are not allowed to import many required equipment to introduce new and demanding programs to offer current skills.
TVET experts from other countries cannot easily enter Gaza Strip for updating TVET sectors and to offer training programs.
TVET infrastructures and factories have been demolished many times due to the action of continual war in Gaza.
10/5/201826
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Cont…
Lack of funds: funding is a major problem in Palestine.
There is a lack of long term plans (vision) for improving TVET sectors.
Teachers: Shortage of specialized teachers and a lack of competent instructors.
language barriers: cannot send many of their skilled people to foreign countries.
10/5/201827
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Cont..
There is a lack of industrial linkage with TVET institutions.
Negative attitude and social value.
Unemployment: There are very few job opportunities in Gaza Strip. Therefore,
unemployment rate in Gaza strip is very high.
10/5/201828
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Main Challenges observed in Uganda
Lack of funds: funding is a problem in Palestine.
Lack of facilities: (modern equipment, lab, machineries) for offering updated
skill training and inadequate TVET institutions.
Teachers: Shortage of specialized teachers and a lack of competent instructors.
10/5/201829
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Cont..
There is a lack of industrial linkage with TVET institution.
Wastage or exploitation of resources by the top authorities.
The acquired skills from remote areas forces villagers to move to urban areas to
search for a living due to lack of implementation of those skills in rural areas.
10/5/201830
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Main Challenges observed in Australia
1. Poor completion rates for lower level qualifications
2. Balancing the initial training of young people with the re-training of older
workers
3. Increasing VET enrolments and maximizing completions for students from low
socio-economic status circumstances, Indigenous Australians, refugees and
Australians with a disability remains challenges for GoB
10/5/201831
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Section Six: General Policy recommendations for OIC
10/5/201832
1. Improvement of TVE sectors
2. Reducing the gap between TVET sectors and industries
3. Government initiatives
4. NGO and other donor agencies
5. job creations
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
1. Improvement of TVET Sectors
Female enrolment
Teachers training
Awareness and social
recognition
Language barriers
10/5/201833
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
PolicyUpdating
curriculum
Expert exchange
Industrial visit
10/5/201834
2. Reducing the gap between TVET sectors and industries
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
3. Government initiatives
Allocate Funds
Building Capacity
Quality Education & Training
Social Value
Linking with NGO
10/5/201835
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Provide small funds for
start-up business
Work together in formulating
projects, policies and other initiatives
10/5/201836
4. NGO and other donor agencies
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
More jobs
Scholarship & free
education
Job placement
cell
5. Jobs
creation
10/5/201837
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Country Specific Recommendations (Palestine - Gaza Strip)
The government of Palestine should come forward with positive attitude towards
building a strong relationship with neighbouring countries and other international
bodies (countries) to solve ongoing problem (War and Siege).
OIC and other international bodies may sit together aiming to bring peace in Palestine
and among other neighbouring countries. Stopping wars and withdrawing siege are the
key issues for improving the overall contexts (scenario) of Gaza Strip.
10/5/201838
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Cont..
Gaza Strip needs experts from developed countries.
The intensity of assistance, support, donations, and aids are not adequate for
Gaza Strip to eradicate poverty. The donor agencies and NGOs, therefore, should
increase their continual effort in aspects of funds and other initiatives towards
developing TVET for eradicating poverty.
Extra attention and efforts should be put on creating job opportunities in order
to reduce unemployment rates.
Small funds should be allocated for the TVET graduates to start-up their own
business.
10/5/201839
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
10/5/201840
Country Specific
Bangladesh
Training on Specific Subjects
Context Dependent Foreign Training
English Textbook
Teachers’ Workload
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Entrepreneurship education
Religious leaders
Remote area
(Tribes)
Budget monitoring
10/5/201841
Country Specific Recommendations (Uganda)
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
10/5/201842
Section SevenRegulatory Framework
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Government NGOs
Gaza StripFunds (zakat)
10/5/201843
OIC initiatives
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Policies Industrial
linkage Quality
Infrastructure (set-up)
LabsNo
Institutions
FundsEconomic
UseRestrict
Corruption
Monitoring System
Attractiveness & social value
10/5/201844
Government of OIC member Country
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Government Institutions
CreatingJobs
Funds
10/5/201845
NGOs & Donor Agencies
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
TVET Board
Updating Curriculum
Professional Development
Certificate
Job placement
cell
10/5/201846
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
10/5/201847
TVET Institutions
Invite Experts
Industrial Visit
Coordination & Collaboration
Gender Responsive Environment
Quality of Teaching
Learning
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)A subsidiary organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Clarifications Discussions
10/5/201848