state the following laws
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State the Following Laws. Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law Gay Lussac’s Law Dalton’s Law Graham’s Law. Drill:. Calculate the volume at STP of CO 2 released when 23.4 g of aluminum carbonate is decomposed 75 % through heat. AP Test Changes. No Choices in Problems - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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State the Following Laws
• Boyle’s Law
• Charles’ Law
• Gay Lussac’s Law
• Dalton’s Law
• Graham’s Law
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Drill:• Calculate the volume at
STP of CO2 released when 23.4 g of aluminum carbonate is decomposed 75 % through heat
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AP Test Changes
• No Choices in Problems
• Only 3 reactions with predicting products– Balance rxns
– No choices
– Explain rxns
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Kinetic Theory
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•All matter is made up of tiny particles
•The particles are in constant motion
•All collisions are elastic
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Pressure
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•Force per unit area
•Caused by collisions against a surface
•Gas measured in pressure
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Units of Pressure•kPa: kilopascal (Std Unit)
•Pascal: newton/sq. meter
•Atmosphere (Atm):
•mm Hg:
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Standard Pressure•101.3 kPa (to be changed)•1.00 Atm•760 mm Hg or Torrs•30.0 inches Hg•1013 millibars
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Gas Laws
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Boyle’s Law
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•The pressure & volume of a gas at constant
temperature are inversely proportioned
P1V1 = P2V2 = K
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Charles’ Law
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•The volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure are directly proportioned
V1/T1 = V2/T2 = K
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Guy Lussac’s
Law
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•The Pressure and temperature of a gas at
constant volume are directly proportioned
P1/T1 = P2/T2 = K
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Combined Gas Law
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•Combination of the three formulas
P1V1 /T1 =
P2V2/T2
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Calculate the new volume of 5.0 L of
gas when its pressure is doubled and its
temperature is tripled:
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Common Sense•The volume of a gas is directly proportioned to the number of moles of gas
V1/n1 = V2/n2 = K
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New Combination
P1V1/n1T1 =
P2V2/n2T2 = K
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Ideal Gas Law
PV = nRT
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Calculate the volume of 2.0 moles of gas at 77oC under 83.1 kPa
pressure.
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Calculate the number of moles of gas
occupying 831 mL under 250 kpa at
227oC
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Calculate the number of moles of gas
occupying 831 mL under 80.0 kPa at
127oC
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Calculate the mass of CO2 occupying 83.1 L under 25 GPa at
227oC
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Combined Gas Law
PV = nRT
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Related Formulasm
V
m/n
D or =
MW =
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Calculate the molecular mass of 5.0
g of gas occupying 831L under 250 Mpa
at 227oC
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Calculate the density of carbon dioxide at 27oC under 83.1 kPa
pressure
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Dalton’s Law
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•The total pressure = the sum of the partial pressures
PT = P1 + P2 + etc
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The total pressure of a system is 120.0 kPa.
The partial pressure of gas A is 112.0 kPa.
Determine the pressure of gas B
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Graham’s Law
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•The velocity of a particle is inversely proportioned to the square root of its mass
v1/v2 = M2/M1
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Drill: Calculate the ratio of the velocities of He gas to HCl gas:
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Calculate the volume of a gas at STP when it occupies 80.0 mL at
127oC under 303.9 kPa pressure:
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Drill:Calculate the volume of 4.0 moles of gas
under 83.1 kPa pressure at 127oC:
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Calculate the mass of 831 mL of CO2 at 27oC under 150 kPa
pressure:
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Calculate the volume of a gas at STP when it occupies 80.0 mL at 127oC under 303.9 kPa
pressure:
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Calculate the volume of 4.0 moles of gas
under 83.1 kPa pressure at 127oC:
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Calculate the molecular mass of 50 g of gas occupying 831L under 250
MPa at 227oC
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Calculate the mass of 831 mL of CO2 at 167oC under 150 kPa
pressure:
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The total pressure of a system is 120.0 kPa.
The partial pressure of gas A is 112.0 kPa.
Determine the pressure of gas B
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The total pressure of a system is 150.0 kPa. The system contains 50 % A,
30 % B, & 20 % C. Determine the pressure
of each gas.
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Drill: Calculate the mass of CO2
occupying 83.1 L under 25 MPa at
477oC
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Calculate the density of carbon dioxide at 27oC under 83.1 kPa
pressure
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Calculate the ratio of the
velocities of He gas to HCl gas:
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Calculate the velocity HBr
when the velocity Be is 270 m/s:
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Calculate the final volume that 3.0 L of gas
will obtain when the absolute temperature is tripled & the pressure is
halved.
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Calculate the mass of CO occupying 831 kL at 227oC under 2.50 Mpa
pressure.
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Calculate the volume of H2 formed at 27oC
under 150 kPawhen 6.8 mg NH3
decomposes making N2 & H2.