STATE TRENDSNational Conference of State Legislatures

William T. Pound, Executive Director

2004 Legislative Party Control

Split--11

Republican--21

Democrat--17

Divided Government

Divided--30

Unified R--12

Unified D--7

Percentage of Legislative Seats Held by Party 1938-2003

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

Year 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000

% Dem

% Rep

Source: NCSL, 2003

Government Receiptsas % of GDP

1991 2001

• State and Local 9.8% 10.0%

• Federal 17.8% 19.6%

Government Expenditures

2001

• State and Local 9.8%

• Federal 18.4%

• In 2001, Federal Grants to State and Local Government were 17% of the Federal budget. Of this, Medicaid was 45.7% and Highway-Mass Transit was 10.5%.

Total State Spending FY 1991 - FY 2001

FiscalYearTotal Expenditure (millions)Growth overPrevious Fiscal Year 1991628,6349.84%1992701,93111.66%1993743,2625.89%1994775,0404.28%1995837,0328.00%1996859,9582.74%1997893,3923.89%1998929,9524.09%1999998,3657.36%20001,084,0978.59%20011,184,1469.23%Source: Bureau of the Census, State Government Finances

Allocation of State Spending, FY 1991 And FY 2001

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

EducationMedicaid

Other Health & Welfare

HighwaysPublic Safety

Natl Resources/ParksGovt Admin & InterestOther and unallocable

Trust FundsEnterprise

Percent of Total State Spending

1991 2001

Changes in Total State Spending FY1991- FY2001 Selected Programs, Millions of Dollars

FY 1991FY 2001Change% IncreaseMedicaid$91,519$228,039$136,520149.17%Health & Welfare lessMedicaid$79,218$110,525$31,70239.52%Education$197,157$374,539$177,38289.97%Corrections$19,240$38,165$18,92498.36%Trust Funds$64,360118,833$54,47384.64%Subtotal$451,494$870,102$418,60792.71%Total StateExpenditures628,6341,184,146$555,51288.37%Listed Programs' Share71.82%73.48%of Total ExpendituresSource: NCSL compilation based on Census Bureau data and Medicaidspending data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

STATE SPENDING PATTERNS

• K-12 EDUCATION 30.6%

• MEDICAID 14.0%

• HIGHER EDUCATION 11.7%

• CORRECTIONS 6.0%

62.3%

• All other categories - 37.8%

TRENDS

1. A continuous decline in Federal general purpose grant support to State and Local government.

2. Federal support grows in areas requiring significant State Match

3. Growth in Federal Mandates requiring major State expenditures

TRENDS (continued)

Unfunded Mandate

• IDEA (Special Education) $11-25 billion

• No Child Left Behind $ 5-35 billion

• HAVA (Election Reform) $ 1-15 billion

• Homeland Security $ 9-20 billion