states of matterkinga2.weebly.com/uploads/3/7/4/3/37431997/states_of_matter.pdf · a type of change...

STATES OF MATTER Day 1

OOBLECK DEMONSTRATION

Materials

Corn Starch

Water

Mixing Bowl

Hands

Willing Participants

Food Coloring

Wooden Spoon

Recipe

1. Add your pre-measured amount of cornstarch to the mixing bowl.

2. Slowly add water while

mixing until the consistency of the mixture thickens.

Note: Adding too much water will cause the demo not to reach the proper “FEEL”.

3 minutes

OOBLECK DEMONSTRATION

Now that you have formed your Oobleck answer questions#1-3. Question 3 is asking about the STATE OF MATTER thismixture has become.

THE SCIENCE BEHIND IT

Oobleck is what scientists call a “Non-Newtonian” liquid

Newton stated individual liquids flow at consistent, predictable rates-- Oobleck does NOT follow those rules

Oobleck is a SUSPENSION, meaning that the grains of starch are not dissolved, they are just suspended and spread out in the water. If you let Oobleck sit for an while, the cornstarch would settle to the bottom of the bowl.

So why does this concoction act the way it does? Most of it has to do with pressure. The size, shape, and makeup of the cornstarch grains causes the cornstarch to “lock-up” and hold its shape when pressure is applied to it.

OBJECTIVES

SWBAT identify the motion of molecules in the four States of Matter

MATTER IS ANYTHING THAT HAS A MASS & TAKES UP SPACE

4 S

TAT

ES O

F M

AT

TER

?

All matter is composed of particles (atoms) that have attractive forces between them.

Kinetic Energy : The energy produced by an object in motion

SOLIDSVery little Kinetic Energy

particles vibrate in place

Tightly packed particles with strong bonds.

Have a definite shape and definite volume

Rigid, not very compressible

Particle diagram:

Usually more

dense – water

is an exception

LIQUIDSMedium amount of Kinetic Energy

Moderate amount of particle movement

Tightly packed, but far enough apart to slide over one another.

Have indefinite shape and definite volume. (takes the shape of the container it is in)

Particle diagram:

GASVery high Kinetic Energy

A lot of particle movement

Particles are very far apart and moveabout freely.

Gases have an indefinite shape andindefinite volume.

Particle diagram:

BUT WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU RAISE THE TEMPERATURE TO SUPER-HIGH LEVELS…BETWEEN 1000°C AND 1,000,000,000°C ?

Will everything

just be a gas?

PLASMAVery high Kinetic Energy

Plasma is different from a gas, because it is made up of groups of positively and negatively charged particles.

Like other gases has an indefinite shape and indefinite volume. Examples?

Fluorescent bulbs

Lightening

Plasma has an indefinite shape and indefinite volume.

Particle diagram:

SOME PLACES WHERE PLASMAS ARE FOUND…

1. Flames

2. Lightning

3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

4. The Sun(star in a plasma state)

5TH STATE OF MATTER

Results from dilute gases with low density

Total opposite of PLASMA

Unexcited atoms with almost no movement

Created when the temperature of matter is closest to absolute zeroAn ice cube reaches this temperature, atoms begin to clump together, cant move at all and lose all their energy and become the same

Vocabulary Definition Illustration

Solidleast amount of energy. Little atom

movement. Definite Shape/volume

LiquidAtoms move past each other. Take

shape of container. Indefinite shape,

definite volume

GasAtoms move freely from one

another. Indefinite shape/volume

PlasmaMost amount of energy.

Superheated gas atoms.

HEATING CURVE OF WATER Day 1

States of Matter

“Heating Curve of Water”

• SWBAT describe all the possible phase changes including behavior of particles before, during, and after a phase change.

• SWBAT graph the heating curve of water.

HEAT Arrows represent the

shift or an increase/decrease in the data provided

Ph

ase

Ch

ange

sDescription

Term for phase change

Heat Movement Example

Solid Liquid MeltingHeat goes into the solid as it melts

Ice Melting

Liquid Solid FreezingHeat leaves the liquid as it freezes

Water Freezing

Liquid GasVaporization

Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes

Water Becoming vapor or steam

Gas Liquid CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses

Water forming on outside of soda can

Solid Gas Sublimation Heat goes into the solid Dry Ice placed in water

Gas Solid Deposition Heat leaves the gas instantlyWater vapor changing directly to ice during winter.

The

Hea

tin

g C

urv

e o

f W

ater

Lab

Set

up

?

Heating curve of water

Solid

Liquid

GasEvaporation

Condensation

Freezing

Melting

Incr

eas

ing

Kin

etic

En

erg

y

Which Property of Water is represented in this Phase

Change?

The Heating Curve of Water

State of Matter

One of the distinct forms that matter takes on (solid, liquid, gas, etc)

Phase Changes

Substances can go from one state to another by gaining or losing energy (heat).

CLASSIFYING MATTER

CLASSIFYING MATTER P.23

MATTER

Pure Substances

Element Compound

Mixtures

Homogeneous

Solution

Heterogeneous

Suspension Colloid

LEAVE

SPACE SO

YOU CAN

DEFINE EACH

WORD

&

ADD AN

EXAMPLE

OBJECTIVES

SWBAT classify a mixture as a suspension, colloid orsolution.

SWBAT identify the properties of homogeneous andheterogeneous mixtures.

MATTER

• Objects that take up space and have mass.

• Everything in the universe is made up of MATTER.

• Matter cannot not be created or destroyed by any chemical or physical process

matter

atoms

subatomic protonselectrons neutrons

Positivelynucleus one

element

onetwo

Negatively

electron levels

1/1850

significant

atom

Neutral

atom charge

one

Hydrogen

NOT

nucleus

empty

protons

neutrons

PURESUBSTANCES

• Made of one type of atom or molecule, can’t be separated physically

MATTER

Pure Substances

Element Compound

Mixtures

Homogeneous Heterogeneous

ELEMENT

• SAME TYPE OF ATOMS that can’t be broken down further

MATTER

Pure Substances

Element Compound

Mixtures


COMPOUND

• Two or more different atoms chemically bonded together

MATTER

Pure Substances

Element Compound

Mixtures


H2O

CFU#1CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING AS BEING AN

ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

• Table Salt (NaCl)

• Silver (Ag)

• Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

• Water (H2O)

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

• 14-kt gold (Au)

ELEMENT COMPOUND

3 minutesEnd

MIXTURES • A physical blend of 2 or more different elements and/or

compounds that can be separated by physically

MATTER

Pure Substances

Element Compound

Mixtures


HOMOGENEOUSMIXTURE

• Mixture that is evenly distributed & the same throughout

Usually involves a mixture of two or more liquids, gases or a solid

that dissolves in a liquid

MATTER

Pure Substances

Element Compound

Mixtures


HETEROGENEOUSMIXTURE

• Mixture where the substances are not evenly distributed.

• They usually involve a mixture of a solid in a solid.

MATTER

Pure Substances

Element Compound

Mixtures


CFU#2CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING AS BEING AN

HOMOGENOUS OR HETEROGENEOUSMIXTURE

• Salad dressing

• Apple juice

• Beach Sand*

• Paint

• Plain Hand soap

• Lucky Charms

• Tea

• Brass (Cu & Zn)

Homogenous(same throughout)

Heterogeneous(differences can be seen )

3 minutesEnd

HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

Suspension Colloid Solution

SUSPENSION

A heterogeneous mixture containing solid particles that are large

enough to fall out of solution and create “layers”.

Example:

Root Beer Float

Separatory Funnel

Organic Chemistry

COLLOIDS

• Example:

A homogeneous mixture that consists of particles of one substance

evenly suspended through a second substance that do not settle.

Milk Fog Jelly

Liquid –solid: casein

protein, fat, etc.

suspended in water

Liquid –gas: liquid

water suspended in

air

Liquid –solid: pectin

or edible gel with fruit

pieces suspended

TYNDALL EFFECT

Particles in colloids

and suspensions

are large enough

to reflect light

solution Colloid / Suspension

Particles are

dissolved, small,

abundant and will

not suspend light

SOLUTION

• Particles are smaller than in a colloid and will not scatter light

Examples:

Water Clean Air Salt Water

A homogeneous mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is

uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent).

COLLOID, SUSPENSION, SOLUTION?

HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:ELEMENTS ARE COMPOSTED OF THE SAME TYPE OF ATOM

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

A B C ED

DESCRIPTION PARTICLE DIAGRAM

1. ELEMENT (same atoms)

2. COMPOUND

3. MIXTURE OF ELEMENTS

4. MIXTURE OF COMPOUNDS

5. MIXTURE OF ELEMENTS AND

COMPOUNDS

Match the particle diagrams above with the correct description.

Remember each shape represents a different element

CHEMICAL VS PHYSICAL

Physical Properties are: _________________________

__________________________________________

Chemical Properties are: _________________________

__________________________________________

Physical Changes: _________________________

__________________________________________

1.

2.

3.

4.

Chemical Changes: _________________________

__________________________________________

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

10 minutes

MATTER IS ANYTHING THAT HAS A MASS & TAKES UP SPACE

Matter is all

around you!

Add energy

Remove energy

CLASSIFYING MATTER MAPMATTER

Pure Substances

Element Compound

Mixtures

Homogeneous

-Solution

Heterogeneous

- Colloid

-Suspension

Gold (Au)

Water (H2O)Apple Juice

Oil & Water

METALS VS. NONMETALS COMPARISON CHART

Metals Non-Metals

Shiny Dull (not shiny)

Malleable/bendable Brittle/fragile/breakable

Conducts electricity Not a conductor of electricity

Reacts with acid No reaction with acid

Usually solid at room

temperature

Can be solid, liquid, or gas at

room temperature

METALS…

MIXING METALS WITH METALS OR NON-METALS

An alloy is a combination of metals or a combination of

one or more metals with non-metallic elements.

The resulting mixture forms a substance with properties that often differ from those of the pure substance, such as increased strength or hardness, or color.

Example: gold and copper produces “red gold”, gold and silver becomes “white gold”, and silver combined with copper produces “sterling silver”.

Example: iron and carbon produce “steel”

!

What specific properties of

materials allow them to be

classified?

Color

Shape

State of Matter

Mass

Volume

A physical property can be observed without changing the substance into something else. USED TO OBSERVE AND DESCRIBE MATTER.

Density

Conductivity

Melting/ Boiling/ Freezing Point

Magnetism

A physical property can be observed without changing the substance into something else. USED TO OBSERVE AND DESCRIBE MATTER.

LIST PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THIS CAR

CFU #1

2:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01End2:00

A chemical property can only be observed after changing the substance into something else.

Reactivity with

other chemicals

Flammability

Toxicity

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01End2:00A

PHYSICAL CHANGEA type of change in which the form of matter is altered but NO new substance is made Most times, you

can get back what

you started with!

EXAMPLES

1. Tearing

2. Dissolving something

3. Melting/freezing/boiling

4. Cutting

TELL ME WHAT PHYSICAL PROPERTY HAS CHANGED?

IS IT STILL THE SAME SUBSTANCE?

CFU #3

CHEMICAL CHANGEany change that results in the formation of a NEW SUBSTANCE

EXAMPLES

1. Rusting

2. Heat production

3. Fizzing or bubbling

4. Color / odor change

5. Combustibility / Flammability

6. Ability to oxidize

CFU #3

2:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01End2:00

Which particle diagram best represents

this same substance after a physical

changehastakenplace?

Achemicalchange?

Given the particle diagram to the RIGHT

representing four molecules of a

substance:

Hint: How do we know that a chemical change has taken place?

Check for Understanding

states of matterkinga2.weebly.com/uploads/3/7/4/3/37431997/states_of_matter.pdf · a type of change...

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