states of matter 23-9-13
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States of Matter
Chemistry
The Four States of Matter
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States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
Four States
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
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States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
Basis of Classification of the Four Types
Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles
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States of Matter
SolidsParticles of solids are tightly packed,
vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite
volume.Crystalline solids molecules are arranged
in a geometric pattern (ex. Table salt)
Amorphous solids molecules do not have
a set pattern of arrangement (ex. Gels)
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States of Matter
Solids
Particle Movement Examples
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States of Matter
LiquidsParticles of liquids are tightly packed,
but are far enough apart to slide over
one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and
a definite volume.
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States of Matter
Liquids
Particle Movement Examples
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States of Matter
GasesParticles of gases are very far apart
and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and
an indefinite volume.
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Gases
Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter
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States of Matter
Plasma
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor ofelectricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasma, like gases have an indefiniteshape and an indefinite volume.
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States of Matter
Plasma
ParticlesThe negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streamingthrough the positively charged ions (blue).
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States of Matter
Plasma
Examples
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States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volumebecause the particles are locked into place
Solids are not easily compressible because thereis little free space between particles
Solids do not flow easily because the particlescannot move/slide past one another
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States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids
Liquids have an indefinite shape because theparticles can slide past one another.
Liquids are not easily compressible and have adefinite volume because there is little free space
between particles.
Liquids flow easily because the particles canmove/slide past one another.
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Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinitevolume because the particles can move past oneanother.Gases are easily compressible because there is agreat deal of free space between particles.
Gases flow very easily because the particlesrandomly move past one another.Collisions between molecules and with the sidesof a container are elastic (energy is conserved)
States of Matter
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States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Plasmas
Plasmas have an indefinite shape and anindefinite volume because the particles can move
past one another.
Plasmas are easily compressible because there isa great deal of free space between particles.
Plasmas are good conductors of electricity andare affected by magnetic fields because they arecomposed of ions (negatively charged electronsand positively charged nuclei).
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States of Matter
The Four States of Matter
The Classification and Properties of MatterDepend Upon Microscopic Structure
Particle arrangement
Particle energy
Particle to particle distance