states of matter - mrs. mccarrey's 7th grade...
TRANSCRIPT
STATES OF MATTER
MATTER IS MADE OF…
•Atoms and molecules!
WHY DO CLOUDS MOVE?
• Do you see anything pushing on clouds?
• Can invisible things move?
FLASHLIGHTS AND DUST…
• Look in the beam of light. Do you see particles in the air?
What could make a dust particle move?
• Look at the flashlight itself. Are the atoms inside it moving?
DIFFUSION
•The movement of molecules from a high
concentration to a low concentration is called
diffusion.
PARTICLES
(A particle is a small piece of something.)
•Particles are in constant motion and are
always bumping into each other.
STATES OF MATTER
•There are three main states (or types) we
find matter in. These are:
•SOLID
• LIQUID
•GAS
SOLID
• Solids have a definite shape and volume – the shape
and volume don’t change unless we do something to it.
• The particles of a solid are very close together.
• They don’t move around very much – they simply
vibrate in place.
• This is why it’s harder to break
solids into pieces than liquids.
SOLID
SOLID to LIQUID• If you increase the temperature of a solid, it will
eventually turn into a liquid! Changing states from
solid to liquid is called melting.
When you put ice in water, the ice
doesn’t cool down the water –
the water gets cold because
it’s heating up the ice cube!
LIQUID to SOLID•Removing energy from a liquid turns it into a solid.
Changing states from liquid to solid is called
freezing.
•Freezing is the opposite of melting, so they occur at
the same temperature!
LIQUID
• Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.
•Viscosity is how thick a liquid is. (The thicker it is, the more
viscous it is.)
LIQUID
•Particles of a liquid are close together, but they move fast
enough to slide past each other.
LIQUID to GAS
•Changing states from liquid to gas is called
evaporation.
•Boiling is the evaporation at a liquid’s boiling point,
but evaporation does
not have to be at a
boiling point to occur.
GAS to LIQUID
•Changing states from gas to
liquid is called condensation.
•Condensation happens when large numbers of gas
particles clump together. Removing energy from them
makes them slow, and then they stick together because
they’re not fast enough to move past each other.
GAS
•Gases have no definite shape and no definite volume.
•One small tank of helium can fill almost 700 balloons.
• Particles in gas move quickly and can break away from each
other completely.
GAS
SOLID to GAS
•Changing states from solid to gas is called
sublimation.
•When this happens, the solid does not melt but goes
straight to being a gas.
•The opposite of sublimation is called deposition.
You should be able to draw the arrangement of particles in all three states of matter…
TEMPERATURE OF PARTICLES
TEMPERATURE OF PARTICLES
•When you increase the temperature…
•Particles move more quickly!
•Particles expand!