static-content.springer.com10.1007... · web viewdr. tarun gupta company iitk
TRANSCRIPT
Supporting material to
Measurement of Personal and Integrated Exposure to Particulate Matter
and Co-pollutant Gases – A Panel Study
Time-activity diary: Personal exposure sampling was carried out using four real-time
instruments. During PoM and PreM, the following sampling procedure was used. A shoulder
bag loaded with sampling instruments was assigned to one of the participants for the
sampling. Sampling was carried out for 12 hours from 7:00 am in the morning and to 7:00 pm
in the evening. Participants carried this bag during that time. Also, the participant kept a
record of his/her time activity in time activity diary which was further used for analysis of
source characterization and the fraction of time that a particular participant spent in a
particular microenvironment. Time activity diaries of subjects S1, S4 and S9 are given in
Table S1. The time-series plots of the same subjects are given in the manuscript. Time series
plots of two more subjects S12 and S13 are shown in Fig. S1 and discussed in the following
sections.
Table S1: Sample time-activity diaries
Subject S1 (PoM) Subject S1 (PreM)
8:52-10:20- In room
10:20-10:37- On road
10:37-10:50- MT
10:50-10:54- On road
10:54-10:58- FB
10:58-11:08- walking on the corridor
11:08-11:16- On road
11:16-11:21- Shopping complex
11:21-11:31- On road
11:31-12:50- Lab
12:50-13:04- On road
13:04-13:16- Mess
13:16-17:23- Room
17:23-17:48- Canteen
17:51-19:15- Room
8:30-8:47- In room
8:47-8:50- Walking in the corridor
8:50-8:59- Mess
9:00-9:02- Walking in the corridor
9:02-10:16- Room
10:03- Burning of Incense sticks
10:16-10:21- Walking in the corridor
10:21-10:30- On road
10:30 to 11:10- Lab
11:10-11:17- On road
11:18-11:32- Class
11:32-11:39- On road
11:39-13:39- Lab
13:39-14:04- Canteen
14:04-17:08- Lab
17:08-17:39- Canteen
17:39-18:25- Lab
18:25-18:40- On road
18:40-18:51- Canteen
18:51-20:30- room
Subject S4 (PoM) Subject S4 (PreM)
7:45-9:10- Room
9:10-9:15- On road
9:15-9:30- Mess
9:30-9:35- On road
9:35-9:40- Room
9:40-9:55- On road
9:55-11:10- Lab
11:10-11:20- Workshop
11:20-12:45- Lab
12:45-13:15- Canteen
13:15-18:10- Lab
18:10-18:15- On road
18:15-18:40- Canteen
18:40-18:45- On road
18:45-19:30- Room
8:27-10:15- Room
10:15-10:25- On road
10:25-13:32- Lab
13:32-13:40- On road
13:40-13:54- Mess
13:54-14:02- On road
14:02-17:32- Lab
17:32-17:40- On road
17:40-20:15- Room
Subject S9 (PoM) Subject S9 (PreM)
9:00-9:40- Room
9:40-9:46- Walking in the corridor
9:46-10:02- Mess
10:02-10:06- Walking in the corridor
10:06-10:12- On road
10:12- 18:50- Lab
18:55-19:05- On road
19:05-20:07- Canteen
20:07-20:09- Walking in the corridor
20:09-20:38- Room
8:54-9:29- Room
9:29-9:32- On road
9:32-9:45- Mess
9:45-9:50- Walking in the corridor
9:50- 10:00- On road
10:00-13:32- Lab
13:32-13:42- On road
13:42-13:44- Walking in the corridor
13:44-14:01- Mess
14:01-14:07- Walking in the corridor
14:07- 16:38- Room
16:38-16:40- Walking in the corridor
16:40-16:51- On road
16:51-16:55- FB
16:55-17:10- Canteen
17:10-17:18- On road
17:18-19:20- Canteen
19:20-19:28- Walking in the corridor
19:28-20:00- Room
Subject S12: Personal exposure to PM measured by OPC was slightly higher during PoM
than PreM (Fig. S1a-b). Variation was found higher in PreM than in PoM. In PreM, peak
values of PM exposure measured from both OPC and CPC were found in mess and on road.
Minimum exposure to UFP was found in class room compared to other sources.
Exposure to CO was higher in PreM than in PoM with the major sources being mess, canteen
and on road. In lab and room also exposure to CO was higher. The main sources of VOC was
found to be mess, lab, room and on road. Personal exposure to NO2 was found in mess, on
road, canteen and in room. Exposure to NO2 in room may be due to construction activities
beside his residential hall, where frequency of passing trucks and tractor were high and their
engine emissions were transported to the rooms through favorable winds.
Subject S13: The personal exposure to PM measured by OPC was higher in PoM than in
PreM (Fig. S1c-d). The peak values of exposure to PM were found higher on road. Relatively
less exposure to PM was detected in class room. Peaks values of PM exposure were found
higher in mess. UFP exposure measured by CPC was higher in mess and canteen due to
varied cooking activities. The exposure to CO was found higher in PreM than in PoM.
During both the seasons, exposures to CO were found higher in mess and on road. The VOC
and NO2 exposure were below detection limit in PoM, while during PreM, peaks of VOC and
NO2 were found in mess and on road.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure S1: Personal exposures related to different activities for individual subjects (S12 and
S13) during (a), and (c) post-monsoon and (b) and (d) pre-monsoon seasons.
Table S2 provides the PM mass and number concentrations for different particle sizes and gaseous pollutant concentrations for all the participant
subjects. Personal exposure measured for the panel during PoM season is shown in Table S2a. Table S2b shows summary statistics of personal
exposure to PM concentration and gaseous co-pollutant for each subject during PreM. Personal exposures to PM2.5 show lower number
concentrations than PM1 because PM2.5 values were recorded with OPC (which measures in the size from 0.3 µm to 20 µm) and CPC (which
measures in the size from 0.01 µm to 1 µm) was used for PM1 explaining the differences shown by OPC in measurement for PM1 when
compared to the simultaneously measured data of CPC. Due to some technical problems, subject S6 could not sample with CPC. The subjects
belong to a panel that uses similar microenvironments and do similar activities, but their exposure values to pollutants show largely varying
values. This could be due to the time spent in different microenvironments and related to specific activities.
Table S2a Personal exposure of subjects to PM and gaseous pollutant in Post-monsoon
PM2.5 (#/cc) CO (ppb) PM1 (µg/m3) PM2.5 (µg/m3) PM2.5-10 (µg/m3)Subject Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std.
S1 139 ± 81 12 ± 56 8.35 ± 5.28 13.19 ± 7.99 14.27 ± 14.32S2 166 ± 83 73 ± 398 10.14 ± 5.14 19.19 ± 19.53 36.6 ± 110.34S3 437 ± 492 53 ± 118 24.26 ± 23.86 36.03 ± 29.09 27.56 ± 20.99S4 312 ± 270 36 ± 209 17.26 ± 13.99 30.59 ± 30.9 41.68 ± 161.84S5 81 ± 102 0 ± 0 5.06 ± 6.43 7.45 ± 8.67 8.77 ± 18.38S6 171 ± 149 329 ± 843 9.64 ± 8.75 15.79 ± 16.06 17.11 ± 29.41S7 811 ± 184 1 ± 8 45.31 ± 10.17 60.15 ± 13.39 36.33 ± 21.92S8 396 ± 173 7 ± 77 24.08 ± 10.79 48.47 ± 20.92 75.84 ± 49.84S9 152 ± 60 669 ± 1593 9.37 ± 3.89 14.02 ± 8.55 13.09 ± 13.13S10 645 ± 360 0 ± 5 36.63 ± 20.34 57.17 ± 47.58 76.38 ± 295.61S11 510 ± 161 53 ± 338 29.74 ± 8.83 50.16 ± 18.82 64.45 ± 60.24S12 173 ± 71 4 ± 44 10.42 ± 4.92 18.83 ± 13.33 26.65 ± 56.35S13 1231 ± 961 54 ± 275 71.85 ± 55.96 96.07 ± 66.45 58.46 ± 39.30S14 1294 ± 2368 89 ± 361 74.71 ± 143.99 93.14 ± 150.6 56.19 ± 35.16S15 267 ± 280 182 ± 806 16.16 ± 20.06 27.27 ± 30.61 29.94 ± 42.29S16 304 ± 163 6 ± 41 16.9 ± 8.97 26.58 ± 10.72 15.56 ± 15.53S17 195 ± 64 1419 ± 669 10.97 ± 3.35 21.18 ± 9.45 22.04 ± 17.27S18 329 ± 108 1795 ± 1513 17.53 ± 5.89 26.28 ± 9.55 15.07 12.53
Note: *Exposure of NO2 was only detected for subject S6 with a value of 18.03 ppb and exposures to VOCs were below detection limit for the
entire cohort.
#Maximum and minimum values have been highlighted to depict the entire range. Averaging time is at least 12 hours.
Table S2b Personal exposure of subjects to PM and gaseous pollutant in Pre-monsoon
PM1 (#/cc) PM2.5 (#/cc) CO (ppb) VOC (ppb) NO2 (ppb) PM1 (µg/m3) from OPC PM2.5 (µg/m3) PM2.5-10 (µg/m3)
Subject Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std.
S1 25864 ± 51783 513 ± 1087 1994 ± 1630 102 ± 108 6 ± 27 33.07 ± 75.89 49.75 ± 104.52 36.97 ± 34.5
S2 14494 ± 12368 464 ± 319 3269 ± 1540 99 ± 204 14 ± 75 29.51 ± 21.07 47.8 ± 34.9 51.55 ± 99.23
S3 15608 ± 26019 273 ± 115 3408 ± 1569 88 ± 184 14 ± 69 16.77 ± 7.06 31.87 ± 11.5 43.81 ± 50.03
S4 11638 ± 11189 351 ± 206 1399 ± 579 41 ± 80 7 ± 35 20.91 ± 12.09 37.61 ± 38.71 45.2 ± 147.59
S5 10160 ± 28689 38 ± 49 7503 ± 6854 205 ± 971 30 ± 230 2.99 ± 3.75 12.65 ± 14.6 37.42 ± 55.1
S6 NA 60 ± 82 23 ± 67 65 ± 77 0 ± 0 3.83 ± 5.53 8.03 ± 12.71 16.61 ± 37.25
S7 21662 ± 40688 155 ± 202 739 ± 961 12 ± 102 4 ± 42 9.68 ± 10.35 21.47 ± 12.56 41.41 ± 34.05
S8 25913 ± 62064 185 ± 108 4216 ± 3479 87 ± 619 31 ± 217 13.03 ± 8.24 32.89 ± 19.22 51.93 ± 96.88
S9 23344 ± 32834 197 ± 192 5849 ± 3322 78 ± 255 35 ± 96 14.27 ± 11.92 42.86 ± 23.21 82.07 ± 65.53
S10 10413 ± 10789 88 ± 56 2213 ± 1394 19 ± 227 14 ± 99 7.43 ± 4 36.42 ± 12.46 83.48 ± 42.79
S11 17625 ± 38768 310 ± 651 2157 ± 1523 12 ± 157 14 ± 78 22.13 ± 43.82 48.48 ± 54.07 75.17 ± 82.81
S12 18647 ± 34310 139 ± 219 4638 ± 4302 28 ± 102 40 ± 110 9.54 ± 13.33 33.09 ± 31.67 121.85 ± 294.6
S13 34726 ± 40611 53 ± 60 2475 ± 1680 26 ± 282 2 ± 39 4.15 ± 4.69 15.77 ± 9.84 49 ± 22.88
S14 18907 ± 22328 94 ± 121 2694 ± 1468 1 ± 9 7 ± 35 7.28 ± 9.19 25.69 ± 20.39 63.22 ± 47.67
S15 20579 ± 50383 125 ± 312 1718 ± 983 5 ± 54 11 ± 71 9.49 ± 22.28 30.71 ± 39.12 65.32 ± 47.53
S16 9276 ± 12054 33 ± 32 1840 ± 1797 10 ± 67 19 ± 86 2.85 ± 2.82 14.43 ± 20.33 49.3 ± 95.9
S17 12074 ± 9333 51 ± 53 2610 ± 1405 18 ± 107 24 ± 107 4.12 ± 3.98 19.22 ± 21.42 60.77 ± 81.36
S18 10209 ± 4398 67 ± 49 2075 ± 1256 12 ± 77 25 ± 113 6.59 ± 4.02 40.99 ± 19.76 91.04 ± 53.89
*Maximum and minimum values have been highlighted to depict the entire range. Averaging time is at least 12 h.
Table S3: Measured values of lung parameters of all the subjects during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon
Subject
Pre-Monsoon Post-monsoon
FEV1 (L) FVC (L)Predicted FEV1
(%) / Predicted FVC (%)
PEFR (LPS) FEV1 (L) FVC (L) Predicted FEV1 (%) / Predicted FVC (%) PEFR (LPS)
1 2.36 2.23 1.10 5.39 2.70 2.49 1.07 5.40
2 4.05 3.74 1.07 9.41 4.12 3.79 1.07 9.81
3 3.41 3.00 1.05 9.68 3.76 3.44 1.09 8.24
4 2.98 2.62 1.12 4.60 3.01 2.72 1.05 7.39
5 2.43 2.29 1.07 5.18 2.43 2.28 1.07 4.97
6 4.06 3.92 1.15 9.16 4.17 4.06 1.16 8.44
7 3.38 3.21 1.13 7.31 3.35 3.29 1.16 7.68
8 4.13 3.41 0.96 8.24 4.07 3.44 0.98 8.53
9 3.83 3.48 1.05 8.63 4.39 3.72 0.98 7.06
10 3.51 3.15 1.04 9.00 3.29 3.22 1.14 8.24
11 3.56 3.27 1.07 8.95 3.76 3.44 1.06 9.19
12 3.71 3.50 1.09 7.94 3.74 3.55 1.10 8.31
13 2.99 2.83 1.12 8.37 3.31 3.01 1.08 8.05
14 3.27 3.06 1.08 8.16 3.55 3.13 1.02 8.16
15 3.62 3.33 1.07 8.07 3.72 3.43 1.07 7.75
16 3.82 3.42 1.04 8.8 4.20 3.91 1.08 8.92
17 3.46 3.43 1.18 7.48 3.32 3.32 1.18 7.17
18 2.82 2.82 1.19 8.1 2.79 2.77 1.18 7.39
Table S3 provides the lung parameters for all the participants for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season. All the tests to study lung parameters
were carried out at least 3 times to check the consistency in values that depend on a person’s age, gender, ethnicity and lung conditions.