Station 1 : Variables/Scientific MethodsAs you walk into the gym on Wednesday morning, the bleachers are cluttered with paper cups and other trash. The scoreboard is still lit up, and you can tell your team won the game last night. It looks as though many people were here, and you missed a great game.

1. There was a basketball game in your school’s gym last night.a. Inferenceb. Evidence

2. There were many people there.a. Inferenceb. Evidence

3. Your schools team won the game.a. Inferenceb. Evidence

4. The scoreboard is lit upa. Inferenceb. Evidence

5. Darwin first proposed “descent with modification” in 1859. Today, why is evolution considered a theory and not a hypothesis?

c. It is a theory because a large body of evidence supports it.d. It is a theory because it was proposed by a respected scientist.e. It is a theory because many scientists have proved it to be true.f. It is a theory because it is only one of several explanations that people believe.

6. Make one quantitative observation of the figure below?

For questions 7-9, determine whether the question is testable or not testable.

7. Why do monarchs take 34 days to migrate to South America for the winter?

8. How many pounds will a 20-year old male gain if he eats 3000 calories everyday for a year?

9. Why is Biology my favorite class?

For questions 10-12, identify whether the statement is inference or evidence/observation.

10. X-Rays and CAT scans reveal that the Ice Man received a blow to his head.

11. The blue markings on Ice Man’s skin reveal he was a tribal member.

12. The Ice Man used mushrooms as medicine.

13. Which of the following pairs of terms in biology have the same meaning?a. measurement and predictionsb. observation and opinionc. data and evidenced. hypotheses and theories

Krusty Krabs Breath Mints

Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will “cure” the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties at the Krusty Krab. He asked 100 customers with a history of bad breath to try his new breath mint. He had 50 customers (Group A) eat a breath mint after they finished eating a crabby patty. The other 50 customers (Group B) also received a breath mint after they finished

the sandwich, however, it was just a regular breath mint and did not have the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath mint that would cure their bad breath Two hours after eating the crabby patties, 30 customers in Group A and 10 customers in Group B reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties.

14. Which group of people were in the control group?

15. Identify the dependent variable.

16. Identify the independent variable.

17. What should Mr. Krabs conclusion be?

Station 2 : Data InterpretationAnswer the following questions using the diagram showing appearance of vertebrates in the fossil record.

The width of the grey figures indicates the relative number of species for a particular group that have been found in the fossil record.

____ 6. Which animals are extinct?

a. reptiles c. amphibians

b. cartilaginous fishes d. armored fishes

____ 7. Which animals evolved most recently?

a. bony fishes c. birds

b. armored fishes d. mammals

____ 8. Which two groups of vertebrates are most numerous today?

a. reptiles and birds c. bony and cartilaginous fishes

b. birds and mammals d. bony fishes and mammals

____ 9. Based on the data, which of the following hypotheses seems most reasonable?

a. reptiles evolved from amphibians

b. armored fishes evolved from cartilaginous fishes

c. cartilaginous fishes evolved from bony fishes

d. mammals evolved from birds

Read the information below. Examine the chart, then use the Key to evaluate the statements made in the following “questions.”

The land bridge between North and South America did not exist during part of the early history of mammals. The families of mammals on each continent were isolated. However, Atlantic and Pacific fishes were not isolated. By the times indicated on the chart, the land bridge had been reestablished.

Families of Mammals

Millions of years ago

North AmericaCommon to North and South America

South America

1 22 families 22 families 22 families

12 25 families 2 families 27 families

Key

A. reasonable interpretation of the data

B. restatement of the data

C. interpretation contrary to the data

D. statement unrelated to the data

____ 10. More families of mammals existed in North and South America 12 million years ago than 1 million years ago.

a. A c. C

b. B d. D

____ 11. Dinosaurs existed in North America but were rare in South America.

a. A c. C

b. B d. D

____ 12. Isolation of the fishes in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans contributed to the isolation of the mammals in North and South America.

a. A c. C

b. B d. D

Refer to the map and to the information about Galápagos finches, then use the Key to answer questions that follow.

The Galápagos Islands were pushed up from the sea as volcanoes more than a million years ago. The finches (a type of small bird) on the islands all resemble each other more than the finches that live on the mainland closest to these islands. From island to island the finches vary, although apart from size and beak shape they look almost identical. Finches are the only diverse group of land birds found on the islands. Each species of finch differs greatly in beak shape from the others. Some have woodpecker-like beaks (long and strong) and feed on insects below the bark of trees. Others have beaks like sparrows (short and wide) and eat small seeds. Still others have parrot-like beaks (curved and sharp) and eat buds and fruits of trees. These finches are non-migratory and have a very short flying range. The nearest mainland is South America, some 600 miles east of the islands.

See diagram on next page

Key

A. The statement is in agreement with the theory of evolution and is supported by the description provided.

B. The statement is not in agreement with the theory of evolution.

____ 13. The different species of finches probably originated from a common ancestor.

a. A b. B

____ 14. Fossil records, if they were available, would show no evidence of evolution of these birds.

a. A b. B

____ 15. Variations probably existed among individuals of the original species.

a. A b. B

____ 16. The various adaptations of these finches did not enhance their chances of survival.

a. A b. B

____ 17. Isolation from the mainland was not an important factor in the production of the various species of finches on the Galápagos Islands.

a. A b. B

Study the diagram below. At which numbered forks are the contrasting characteristics in the following statements used to separate the organisms?

____ 18. produce own food versus ingest food

a. I c. III

b. II

____ 19. chloroplasts versus no chloroplasts

a. I c. III

b. II

Station 3 : Darwin & Natural Selection

1. Through careful observation, Charles Darwin came to understand that:a. populations of plants and animals in nature most often consist of individuals that are

clones of each other.b. those individuals whose variation gives them an advantage in staying alive long enough to reproduce are more likely to pass their traits on to the next generation.c. populations acquire inherited traits in their lifetime.d. all of the above.

2. Larmarck is to "Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics" as Darwin is to _____a. divergence of related speciesb. homologous structuresc. evolution by natural selectiond. speciation by common descent

3. How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?

4. A species of moth lives in a forest where the bark of the trees is mostly dark brown. Some moths are light brown and other moths are dark brown. The moths are a favorite source of food for birds that hunt the moths by sight.

Over several generations, what effect will natural selection have on the number of dark brown moths in the population?

g. It will remain the same. c. It will decrease.h. It will increase d. It will fluctuate/rise and fall

5. The ptarmigan is an arctic bird. In winter its feathers are white. In summer they are brown. Which is the most reasonable explanation for how this color change has developed?

Continued exposure to long periods of cold cause the changeThe population evolved this adaptation through a series of mutations across a long period of time, by natural selection.The different types of food available in summer and in winter caused the change.Over its lifetime the bird developed this variation of feather color to better protect itself from predators.

6. Any variation that can help an organism survive in its environment is called a(n):a. adaptationb. characteristicc. competitiond. vestigial structure

7. Which of the following provides the best evidence that two animals are members of the same species?

a. They share similar ancestors.b. They interbreed and produce fertile young.i. They resemble each other and live in the same habitat.j. They eat the same types of foods.

8. Believe it or not, these two types of flowers are very closely related even though they look very different. a. Explain how you can tell from the diagram that they are closely related. b. Based on our discussions in class on speciation and reproductive isolation, list steps explaining

how this speciation may have occurred.

Station 4 : Evidence of Evolution:

For the following define and give an example. How do they show evidence of evolution?

Vestigial Structure:

Homologous Structure:

Carbon Dating:

Plate Tectonics:

DO YOU KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN…

Inference and Evidence:

example of each-

Indirect and Direct Evidence:

example of each-

Station 5 : Taxonomy

Questions 1-2: Answer the following questions using the chart showing the classifications of five animals.

Lion Cat Dog Human Catbird

Phylum → Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata

Class → Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Aves

Order → Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Primates Passiformes

Family → Felidae Felidae Canidae Hominidae Mimidae

Genus → Felis Felis Canis Homo Dumetella

Species → leo domesticus familiaris sapiens carolinensis

5. The two animals most closely related are the a. dog and cat b. cat and catbird

c. lion and dog d. lion and cat

6. The first differences between a cat and a dog are observable at the a. class level b. phylum level c. family level d. order level

Use the figure below to answer questions 3-5.

3. What is the scientific name for the figure above?

4. What animal(s) does not have jaws?

5. Which animal(s) have fur?

6. Place the following taxonomic group in order from largest to smallest.

species, order, domain, phylum, family, kingdom, class, genus

Station 6 : Plant & Animal Cells, Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

1. Multicellular organisms that have a nucleus in their cells are part of which domain?

a. Domain Bacteriab. Domain Eukaryac. Domain Archea

d. Domain Animalia

2. List 3 structural differences (other than shape) between an animal and a plant cell.

3. In the figures below, label the following:

cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, ribosome, plant cell, animal cell

Station 7 : The Brain

in the space below sketch a brain and label the following structures then explain what each part is responsible for. (Hint: corpus callosum is only visible when you view a cross-section of the brain.)

1. The brain stem:

2. The corpus callosum:

3. The cerebellum:

4. The cerebrum:

5. You are making soup but can’t tell if it is warm enough to eat. You put your left index finger in to see how warm it is. The signal that the soup is the perfect temperature is sent to what part of your cerebrum?

a. Sensory cortex, right hemisphereb. Sensory cortex, left hemispherec. Motor cortex, right hemisphered. Motor cortex, left hemisphere

6. The brain is considered a key component of what system?a. Circulatory Systemb. Urinary Systemc. Respiratory Systemd. Nervous System

Station 8 : The Circulatory System

Deoxygenated Oxygenated Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Veins Arteries

Capillaries Left Atrium Left Ventricle Right Atrium Right Ventricle

Lungs Waste Solutes/Water

Complete the blanks in the paragraph below of the path a RBC would travel from the left toe to the right toe. Use the word bank above to help you! Words may be used more than once.

________________________in the left toe allow for the diffusion of __________________into the RBC from the

body cell and diffusion of ______________________from the RBC to the body cells. The RBC then travels to the

_____________ ______________ via _________________which carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. The

RBC enters the __________________________ then the ______________________. After exiting the heart the

RBC enters the ____________________ where it exchanges __________________ ____for

______________________. The thin walls of the __________________ allow for this exchange. When the RBC

leaves the __________________ it is now oxygenated. The RBC then enters the

___________________________ and the ______________________________________. From there it travels

to the right toe.

Arteries carry _____________________________blood to the body cells.

Veins carry _______________________________blood from the body cells to the heart and lungs.

Station 9 : Urinary System

1. What is the source of the waste products that are excreted by the urinary system?a. undigested fiberb. pollutants in water and food.c. metabolic processesd. excess food

2. The urinary system interacts most closely with components of what system?

3. What are the 3 major functions of the urinary system? Explain each step.

4. Label numbers 4, 6, and 8.

5. After blood enters the kidney, it travels to the:a. bladder c. renal arteryb. collecting tubule d. glomerulus

Label the following in the figure below. Then answer #9.

6. glomerulus7. collecting tubule8. nephron 9. Describe the path of a red

blood cell through the three structures on the left. Explains what occurs at each step.