stationary energy storage systems addressing safety …€¦ · · 2017-02-01potential energy...

UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2015

Stationary Energy Storage

Systems – Addressing Safety

Hazards Through Standards

Rajnikanth

Business Head – South Asia

UL India Pvt Ltd

ESI 2017

Mumbai


Agenda

Introduction to UL

Importance of EESS in a Changing Environment

Technologies , Applications & Scale

Hazards associated with EESSs

How to address hazards of EESSs

Status of Codes & EESSs Standards in USA

International EESS Standards Development

What’s next?

Indian Context…

2

INTRODUCTION TO UL

UL Mission - Safe, Clean Energy Be the world’s premier provider of services to address safety,

performance, compliance and monitoring in the field of energy,

including renewables.

Photovoltaic systems

Wind Systems Electric vehicles

Smart Grid, Micro-grid

Services Offered

• Smart grid product certification and

advisory.

• Renewable energy standards, testing,

certification and advisory services.

• Large scale Energy Storage System

testing and certification.

• Electric vehicle standards, testing and

certification.

5 UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2012

Introduction to UL – Batteries & Energy

Storage

6

Leader in Advanced Battery Safety Science

7

Research

Thought Leadership

Battery Standards

Testing & Certification

Design Advisory

UL 810A: Electrochemical

Capacitors

UL 1973: Stationary Applications

UL 2271: Light Electric Vehicles

UL 2580: Electric Vehicles

UL 9540: Energy Storage Systems

Importance of EESS in a Changing

Environment

8


Why the Interest in Electric Energy Storage

Systems?

Recently, enormous focus has been placed on

expanding the energy storage infrastructure.

The benefits of energy storage are driven by several

dynamic factors.

9

Supporting Renewables by Mitigating

Intermittency


Grid Balancing & Load Leveling, Reliability &

Resiliency

11

Source: PBS



Peak Demand & Economics

12

Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory


Smart Grid, Distributive Energy & Vehicle

Electrification

13

Technologies , Applications & Scale


Technologies Commercialized

Lead Acid

• Valve Regulated

• Vented

Nickel

• Ni-Cad

• NimH

Lithium ion

• LFP, NMC, etc.

Sodium Beta

• Sodium Sulfur

• Sodium Nickel Chloride

Flow Batteries

• Vanadium Redox

• Zinc Bromine

Electrochemical Capacitors

• Symmetric

• Asymmetric


Scale and Application

Scale of size and

application

Large scale multi-system • Grid and renewable

support (wind farm, etc.)

Mid level commercial scale • Distributive energy,

UPS, etc.

Small residential scale • Appliance to

support EV charging, renewable, UPS

16

Hazards associated with EESSs

Fire Hazards – Large Format ESS

18


Hazards: Energy

19

As an energy source, an electric energy storage

system may represent a potential energy hazard,

which could lead to –

Fires

Explosions


Hazards: Electrical

20

As a source of electricity, an electric energy storage

system may represent a potential electrical hazard,

which could lead to:

Electric Shock

Arc Flash


Hazards: Hazardous Materials

21

Depending upon technology, etc., systems may be a potential source of exposure to harmful materials, which could result in:

Concentrations of hazardous gases

Hazardous liquid spills

Exposures to hazardous solids


Hazards: Physical

22

There may be potential for physical hazards associated with the EESS such as:

Burns

Hazardous Moving Parts or

Pinch Parts

Slip or other physical hazard

How to address hazards


Addressing hazards through compliance

to safety standards

24

The EESS safety standard should evaluate EESS’s ability to mitigate risk

through:

Safety analysis/ FMEA • ID and analyze potential hazards

• Determine and evaluate methods used to mitigate those hazards

Appropriate construction criteria • Use of appropriately rated

components and materials

• Suitability of markings and instructions

Normal use and abuse tests • Determine system’s ability to mitigate

hazards under test conditions representative of worse case normal use and abuse conditions



to safety standards

Verification of EESS safety:

Self Verification

Use of 3rd Party to Verify Safety

• Certification

• 3rd party testing and evaluation (without certification)

• Field Evaluation by 3rd party

What are the Codes and Regulations at site of installation?

• Does code require “3rd party Certification”?

• What does the regulator want?

25



to codes

26

Codes address:

Federal Regulations: 49CFR173.185, 49CFR172.102,

47CFR15.109, 29CFR1910, etc.

,

Model codes used in local and regional regulations:

NEC, IFC, IBC, NFPA 54, IFGC, NFPA 2, etc.

EESS installation concerns • In buildings • Electrical connections • Connection to other utilities

Worker safety

Environment concerns

Shipping of hazardous materials

EMC emissions

Status of Codes & EESS Standards in USA


Status of EESS Standards and Codes

Development in the USA

ANSI/CAN/UL-9540:2016, Energy

Storage

Systems and Equipment

SAFETY STANDARD

PNNL 22010, Protocol for Uniformly Measuring and Expressing the Performance of Energy Storage Systems

IEEE 1679

• Recommended Practice for Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications

• IEEE2030.3-2016 - IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and Systems for Electric Power

Systems Applications




Ap

plic

ab

le C

od

es

NF

PA

• NFPA 70,

National Electrical Code

• NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code

• NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code

• NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

• NFPA 2, Hydrogen Code

ICC

• ICC IFC, International Fire Code

• ICC IBC, International Building Code

• ICC IFGC, International Fuel Gas Code

• ICC IPC, International Plumbing Code

• ICC IMC, International Mechanical Code

IEE

E

• IEEE C2,National Electrical Safety Code (NESC)




Safety Standards development by UL:

• ANSI/CAN/UL-9540:2016, Energy Storage

• Systems and Equipment: Published in July 2014

• Bi-national standard for US and Canada

• ANSI UL 1973, Batteries for Use in LER and Stationary Applications

• Battery requirements for UL 9540

• Published in January 2013

• 2nd Edition bulletin 1st quarter 2015

• Bi-national standard in 4th quarter 2015

UL 9540, Safety of Energy Storage Systems and Equipment

• Proposed in November 2014

• Accepted with comments

• To be published in 2017 Code

NFPA 70 (NEC), Article 706 (new energy storage article)

30




Technologies Represented:

UL 9540 is non technology

specific

Electrochemical, Chemical,

Mechanical, Thermal Systems

UL 1973 is nontechnology

specific

Lithium ion, sodium beta, nickel, lead

acid, electrochemical capacitors, flow

batteries and hybrid systems

NFPA 70, Article 706

Includes general and

specific criteria for battery systems

including flow batteries

Includes general criteria for mechanical

and thermal systems

31

International EESS Standards

Development



Development

IEC TC 120 – technical committee for electrical energy storage (EES) systems

• Any type of grid-connected energy storage, which can: 1) store electrical energy from a grid or any other source and 2) provide electrical energy to a grid

• A grid includes : transmission grids, distribution grids, commercial grids, industrial grids, residential grids, and islanded grids

• Focuses on system aspects on EES Systems rather than energy storage device technologies

• Deals with defining unit parameters, testing methods, planning and installation, guide for environmental issues and system safety aspects of EES systems

Scope



Development

• IEC 62933, Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems – Terminology

• IEC 62934, Unit Parameters and Testing Methods of Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems

• IEC 62935, Planning and Installation of Electrical Energy Storage Systems

• IEC 62936, Environmental Issues of EES Systems

• IEC 62937, Safety Considerations Related to the Installation of Grid Integrated Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems

Standards Under Development in IEC TC 120

• All are at draft CD stage

• Anticipated publication dates of 12-2017 except IEC 62933 anticipated for 12-2016

• IEC 62933, IEC 62934 and IEC 62935 will be standards upon publication

• IEC 62936 and IEC 62937 will be technical specifications upon publication

Status

34

What’s next?

What’s next? Advancement/Use of New Technologies

Revisions to UL 1973 cell criteria for:

• Lithium ion cells – alternate program based upon IEC 62619

UL second life standard under development: UL 1974

• Work started on draft in 2015

• Consider repurposed cells and batteries for various 2nd life applications

• Looks at process of sorting and grading of batteries

IEC Standards development for flow batteries:

• Flow battery systems for stationary applications

• IEC 62932-1 - General Aspects, Terminology and Definitions

• IEC 62932-2-1 - Performance general requirements & methods of test

• IEC 62932-2-2 - Safety requirements

IEC Standards for lithium ion batteries:

• IEC 62619 - Safety requirements for large format secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications (2016)

• IEC 62620 - Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications (published)

• IEC 62897 - Stationary Energy Storage Systems with Lithium Batteries - Safety Requirements (TBD)


Indian Context !!!


Standards / Testing Infrastructure in India

38

Need for Indian Standards –

IESA – UL partnership –

Invite to Join.

Establish local testing

infrastructure for ESS

We are here to help !!!!!!

THANK YOU.

[email protected]

+ 91 9900 573 791

mailto:[email protected]

stationary energy storage systems addressing safety …€¦ · · 2017-02-01potential energy...

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