Stationary Fuel Cell Applications (Annex 33) – Austrian Activities

Austrian Energy Agency (AEA) G. Simader, A. Schuch | 6th November 2018

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Contents

• World-wide Trends of Fuel Cell Activities

• Major Programmes in Stationary Fuel Cell Applications

• Activities of IEA Annex 33 (Stationary Applications)

• Activities of the Austrian Energy Agency in Annex 33 (Stationary Applications)

• Austria in the AFC (Advanced Fuel Cell) Collaboration Programme

• Summary, Outlook

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Fuel Cell Industry Worldwide at a Glance

• 60.000 to 70.000 units were shipped yearly in the past few years.

• Global fuel cell power shipped increased by 30 % to 670 MW and units by 15 % (in 2017).

• Asia leads by far in unit numbers; in megawatts Asia and North America have been neck-and-neck since 2015 www.FuelCellIndustryReview.com

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Worldwide Shipments by Application

• Splitting the shipments by applications show the increasing dominance of transport applications

• In 2017, 455 MW of transportation MW account up to 70 % of the total; with 3.000 vehicles from Toyota, Honda and Hyundai (350 MW of the total)

• 214 MW of stationary units were shipped (similar sales in 2017 comp. to 2016 with 50.000 units from Japan) www.FuelCellIndustryReview.com

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Worldwide Shipments by Technology

• Almost 490 MW of PEM fuel cell systems were shipped in 2017, around 75 % of total industry megawatts.

• 90 % of PEM megawatts went into transportation, the remainder was shared by stationary CHP, prime power, off-grid and backup systems.

• In 2017, SOFC shipments grew by about 50 % to 76 MW (mainly to Ene-farm and Bloom Energy) www.FuelCellIndustryReview.com

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The Japanese ENE-FARM Market Expansion Programme

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The European PACE Project: Pathway to a competitive European fuel cell micro-CHP market

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Driving the Fuel Cell micro-Cogeneration sector closer to mass market uptake

How to overcome the point of greatest risk in new product commercialisation?

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Companies offering residential fuel cell systems in Europe

• Buderus1) – Logapower FC10, SOFC, 180 – 700 Wel, 200 – 600 Wth, ƞel 46%

• Junkers – Cerapower BZH1921T, SOFC, 700 Wel, 620 Wth, ƞel 45%

• SolidPower – BlueGen, SOFC, 1500 Wel, 620 Wth, ƞel up to 60%

• Hexis – SOFC, 1000 Wel, 1800 Wth, ƞel 35%

• FST2) – NEX 2400, HTPEM, 300 Wel, 700 Wth, ƞel 32%

• Senertec – InnoGen, PEMFC, 700 Wel, 960 Wth, ƞel 35%

• Viessmann - Vitovalor PT2, PEMFC, 750 Wel, 1100 Wth, ƞel 37 %

1) Bosch Thermotechnik has now a cooperation with Solidpower

2) Freudenberg Sealing Technologies has overtaken Elcore at the beginning of this year. In Q2/2019 new devices will be available

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Stationary Fuel Cell Applications – Annex 33 Goal and contents

The main purpose with Annex 33 is to understand better how stationary fuel cell systems

may be deployed in energy systems.

The work will focus the requirement from the market on fuel cells for stationary applications;

both opportunities and obstacles that must be overcome will be investigated and discussed.

The market development will be followed closely with a special focus on renewable fuels,

environment and competiveness.

Special focus on

• Fuel cells for buildings both small houses and apartment buildings

• Different fuels for fuel cells

• Influence of directives, subsidies and regulations

• System optimization

• A follow up of the real status of stationary fuel cell technology

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Stationary Fuelcell Applications – Annex 33 Subtasks and structure

• Subtask 1: Fuel cells for Residential Buildings; FZJ - Germany, Technova, Panasonic - Japan, Solid Power - Italy

• Subtask 2: Fuels for Fuel Cells; ENEA - Italy

• Subtask 3: The Implementation of European Directives and Regulations; Austrian Energy Agency - Austria

• Subtask 4: Large-scale Fuel Cells MCFC; Beratung Renz – Switzerland, KIST - Korea

• Subtask 5: Modelling and Fuel Cells in future Energy Systems; Gaia Energy Research Institute - USA, Beratung Renz – Switzerland

• Subtask 6: Market Status; Sweco - Sweden

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Residential Fuel Cells for Austria – missing Economics!

• Based on the Ene-farm, Ene-field and Callux programme frame conditions for investments in residential fuel cells were analyzed (in order to initiate an Austrian programme).

• Reference buildings were specified for one-family and multi-family houses.

• Reference technical configurations were specified incl. fuel cell system, peak-load boiler, storage systems (bivalent systems) compared to conventional gas boilers

One-Family House

Peak Load Boiler [kW] 15

Fuel Cell– electrical Power [kW] 1

Fuel Cell – thermal Power [kW] 2

Storage system [l] 500

Total Efficiency [%] 85

Multi-Famiky House

Peak Load Boiler [kW] 48

Fuel Cell– electrical Power [kW] 3

Fuel Cell – thermal Power [kW] 5

Storage system [l] 2.000

Total Efficiency [%] 85

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Residential Fuel Cells – Austrian Level Playing field was/is missing! Proposal for subsidy schemes and/or feed-in tariffs

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Regulatory frame conditions for residential fuel cells! Energy Performance of builings (EPBD)

• EPBD / Art. 12: MS shall ensure that an energy performance certificate is issued for:

– Buildings or building units which are constructed, sold or rented out to a new tenant; and buildings where a total useful floor area over 500 m² is occupied by a public authority and frequently visited by the public.

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Residential Fuel Cells in Austria: Inputs for the Austrian Standards and OIB Guidelines!

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Analysis of EU-Regulations that effect the market uptake of fuel cells

• Many European regulations and directives are of potential influence on fuel cells. Among those the following are likely to have the most impact:

• Directive on the indication by labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy and other resources by energy related products (LD)

• Directive for establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (EDD)

• Directive on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD)

• Directive on energy efficiency (EED)

• Directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (RESD)

• Directive 2009/73/EC on the common rules for the internal market in natural gas

• Directive 2009/72/EC on the common rules for the internal market in electricity

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Impact of Relevant EU-Directives for Business Models (Industry)

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Impact of Relevant EU-Directives on the Perception of Final Customers

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Publications from Annex 33 (and IEA AFC TCP)

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Austria‘s Participation in the Advanced Fuel Cells TCP

Number Annex Operating Agent AT - Participation

Annex 30 Electrolysis J. Mergel, FZJ, Germany -

Annex 31 PEFC DJ Liu ,Argonne NL, USA TU-Graz

Annex 32 SOFC J. Kiviaho, Finland VTT -

Annex 33 Stationary Applications B. Ridell, Sweden AEA - Austrian Energy Agency

Annex 34 Transportation Applications

R. Ahluwalia, Argonne NL, USA

A3PS - Austrian Association for Advanced Propulsion Systems

Annex 35 Portable Applications F. Matera, ITAE Messina Italy TU-Graz

Annex 36 Systems Analysis Cam Samsun, FZJ Germany -

Annex 37 Modelling S. Beale, FZJ Germany -

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Summary and Outlook

• In the past few years fuel cell systems achieved significant progress in technology, product developments and market up-take.

• Presently, Asia and North America have a clear dominance in this technology field.

• The main challenge stays – the economic feasibility!

• Many open issues in European regulations and policies supporting fuel cells; missing market-based regulations and policies!

• In Austria, interest in fuel cells and hydrogen increased considerably in the last few years, however further priorisation in the different policy fields (incl. a level playing field for fuel cell systems) would be required!

Contact

DI Dr. Günter Simader

Mag. Alfred Schuch

Österreichische Energieagentur - Austrian Energy Agency

Guenter.simader@energyagency.at

Tel +43 (0)1 586 15 24 - 124 | Mob +43 664 810 7874 Mariahilfer Strasse 136 | 1150 Vienna | Austria

www.energyagency.at @at_AEA

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