statistics
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Statistics. Research in Ecology Maya Damski. Atlantic Sharp-nose sharks. Sea Turtles. Bottle Cap Colors on the Beach. Bottle caps are not only the garbage that is washed up on beaches. Some examples include plastic bags and lumber. The litter affects animals, and sometimes kills them. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
StatisticsResearch in EcologyMaya Damski
Atlantic Sharp-nose sharksMales Females
920 840928 850935 932943 960950 960950 965954 972960 980962 980974 985975 995975 1000952 1000950 1009
1010101010101020102510251028103010381043105410601160
Mean: Mean:950 998
Median: Median:952 1009
Mode: Mode:950, 975 1010
920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000
Average Length of Sharp-nose Sharks
Sea Turtles
Color Survived Hatchlings
Blue 13 25
Yellow 25 25
Green 18 25
Red 3 25
Orange 4 25
Blue Yellow Green Red Orange0
5
10
15
20
25
Number of Sea Turtle Hatchlings in Group Site F
Survived Hatchlings
Bottle Cap Colors on the Beach
15%7%
5%
21%12%
1%
11%
18% 7%3%
Percentage of Bottle Cap Colors
RedOrangeYellowBlueGreenPurpleBlackWhiteClearOther
Color NumberRed 11Orange 5Yellow 4Blue 15Green 9Purple 1Black 8White 13Clear 5Other 2
Bottle caps are not only the garbage that is washed up on beaches. Some examples include plastic bags and lumber. The litter affects animals, and sometimes kills them.
Frequency Distribution of Sea Cigars by Size (cm)
"1-5" "6-10"
"11-15"
"16-20"
"21-25"
"26-30"
02468
1012
Frequency Distribution of Sea Cigars
Size Class
Freq
uenc
y
Size # of Sea(in cm) Cigars"1-5" 0"6-10" 3"11-15" 4"16-20" 12"21-25" 5"26-30" 1
Probability
Coral Planula Survival Probability
Probability
Type
s of C
oral
Trial # Water Substrate Wave
Survived?
Temp. / Depth ActionYes or No
1 3 3 4Yes2 6 6 3No3 4 5 1No4 4 1 6Yes5 3 1 3No6 6 3 4No7 5 5 6No8 1 6 3No9 1 4 3No
10 5 6 3No11 1 2 6No12 1 5 6No13 6 3 3No14 1 2 2No15 5 3 4Yes16 3 2 3No17 5 6 1No18 5 6 4No
VarianceVariance is one of the two ways to describe how far away your data is from the mean.
This formula is the way to calculate variance.
the sum = the mean of the data
X = each data value n = the number of values
Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation also shows how spread out the data are.
Theoretical Distribution Curve
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 250
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
Sample Distribution of Sea Cigar Lengths
Length (cm)
Freq
uenc
y0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
TDC of 25 Mangrove Seedlings
Length of Seedling (cm)
Freq
uenc
y
Size Frequency6 0.38 0.8
10 1.512 2.214 2.516 2.218 1.520 0.822 0.3
Theoretical Distribution Curve (TDC) is an ideal picture of a distribution based upon random sampling.
T-TestControl Treatment
14 1413 1313 1513 1513 1513 14
14 14 15 15
P= 0.000545057
p
The t-test equation tests if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent samples. The t-test is calculated by the t- statistic. The formula for the t – statistic is on the bottom of this slide.Key
X1=mean of the first groupX2=mean of the second groupn1=number of _ in the first groupn2 =number of _ in the second group