Horticultural Statics in India

Prepared by:-Abhishek(SU13139)

HORTICULTURE – INDIA India is endowed with a remarkably heterogeneous area

characterized by a great diversity of agro climatic zones, allowing for production of a variety of horticultural crops such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantation crops, root and tuber crops, and medicinal and aromatic crops.

India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world.

Horticulture exports has helped the country to earn Rs 14,000 crore in 2013-14.

SNAPSHOT OF HORTICULTURE

Horticulture accounts for 30% of India’s agricultural GDP from 8.5% of the cropped area.

India’s major exports include onion, mango pulp, fresh mangoes, dried walnuts, fresh grapes.

India’s biggest export markets are South Asian & Middle east Countries.

India’s share in the global market is insignificant – it accounts for 1.7% of the global trade in vegetables and 0.5% in fruits

FRUITS29.70%

VEGETABLES60.76%

AROMATIC PLANTS

0.22%

FLOWERS0.64% PLANTATION CROPS

6.36%SPICES2.31%

PRODUCTION SHARE OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS

Fruits & Vegetables: Botanical and Popular Botanically, a fruit is the ripened ovary wall. The ovary is part of the carpel, the

innermost whorl of a flower, the female reproductive structure. The ovary contains the ovules, the haploid equivalent to mammalian eggs. Some fruits also contain parts of the flower base.

Botanical fruits can be classified as fleshy, dry dehiscent, and dry indehiscent. Most of what are popularly called fruits are fleshy fruits.

The generally understood common definition of a fruit is sweet and aromatic fleshy plant products that are mainly eaten as dessert or a first course in a meal, and not as the main meal.

Thus, many fleshy fruits (in a botanical sense), such as tomato and cucumber, are considered vegetables in popular culture.

In botany, a vegetable is simply any plant or plant part. In the common definition, vegetables are plant products eaten with the main course. In

taste, they are salty or sour or savory, but not sweet. Some vegetables are botanical fruits: tomatoes and cucumbers for example. Others are plant stems, leaves, and roots.

Classification of fruits

Depending upon physical characteristics fruits are classified as:

Sr. no. Category Examples

1. Berries Blackberries, Cranberries, Blueberries, Gooseberries, Strawberries, Grapes

2. Citrus fruits Oranges, Grapefruit, Limes, Lemons

3. Drupes Cherries, Peaches, Apricot, Plums, Nectarines, Prunes

4. Melons Watermelon, Casaba, Persian, Honeydew

5. Pomes Apple, Pears, Quince

6, Tropical fruits Papayas, Mangoes, Pomegranates, Pineapples, Guava, Bananas

Classification of VegetablesVegetables can be classified as below:-

Sr. no. Category Examples1. Earth vegetables roots Sweet potatoes,, carrots

2. Modified stem tubers Potatoes

3. Modified buds tubers Onions, garlic

4. Herbage Vegetables

Leaves Cabbage, spinach, Lettuce

Petioles(Leaf stalk) Celery, rhubarb

Flower buds Cauliflower

Sprouts, Shoots(young stems) Asparagus, bamboo shoots

5. Fruits Vegetables

Legumes Peas, green beans

Cereals Sweet corn

Vine fruits Squash, cucumber

Berry fruits Tomato

Nutritional FiguresSr. no. Food Carbohydrate Protein Fat Ash Water

1 Cereals

wheat flour, white 73.9 10.5 1.9 1.7 12rice, milled, white 78.9 6.7 0.7 0.7 13maize, whole grain 72.9 9.5 4.3 1.3 12

2 Earth vegetablespotatoes, white 18.9 2.0 0.1 1.0 78sweet potatoes 27.3 1.3 0.4 1.0 70Vegetables          carrots 9.1 1.1 0.2 1.0 88.6radishes 4.2 1.1 0.1 0.9 93.7asparagus 4.1 2.1 0.2 0.7 92.9beans, snap, green 7.6 2.4 0.2 0.7 89.1peas, fresh 17.0 6.7 0.4 0.9 75.0lettuce 2.8 1.3 0.2 0.9 94.8

3 Fruitbanana 24.0 1.3 0.4 0.8 73.5orange 11.3 0.9 0.2 0.5 87.1apple 15.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 84.0strawberries 8.3 0.8 0.5 0.5

HORTICULTURE STATISTICS

WHY REQUIRED?

WHAT IS THE PRESENT STATUS?

WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS?

WAY FORWARD

9D/o Agriculture & Cooperation, GOI

HORTICULTURE DATA

WHY REQUIRED? To make correct assessment of growth in the horticulture

sector. To ensure effective monitoring and evaluation of the

concerned development policies and programs. To facilitate perspective planning and harnessing vast

potential in the horticulture sector. Analyze data to gain better knowledge and understanding of

the situation for taking appropriate measures to promote systematic development of horticulture sector.

PRESENT STATUS OF HORTICULTURE DATA

Multiple agencies involved in collection/ compilation of data.• D/o Agriculture & Cooperation through State Horticulture Departments• State Directorates of Economics and Statistics (DES) through Crop

Estimation Survey-Fruits and Vegetables (Plan Scheme)• Export/Import data (DGCIS, APEDA, DGFT) • Crop Boards (CASHEWNUT/COCONUT/ SPICES etc.)• Market Intelligence data through NHB and DMI in M/o

AGRICULTURE.• Research and Other Organizations (e.g. NHRDF, SFAC)

Facts & Figures

Status of Fruits and vegetables

India’s Diverse climate ensure availability of all varieties of fresh fruits & vegetables

It ranks second in fruits and vegetables production in the world, after China

Accordind to NHB,during 2011-12 India produced 77 million metric tonns of fruits and 156.33 million metric tons of vegetables

Area under cultivation of fruits stood at 7.704 million hectares while vegetables were

cultivated at 8.99 million hectares(2013-14)

India is the largest producer of ginger and okra among vegetables

India Ranks 2nd in production of potatoes, cauliflower, brinjal, cabbage etc.

Among fruits the country ranks first in production of Bananas, Papayas, Mangoes and Guavas.

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-120

50

100

150

200

250

43.0 45.2 45.9 50.9 55.4 59.6 65.6 68.5 71.5 74.9 76.4

88.6 84.8 88.3

101.2111.4

115.0

128.4 129.1133.7

146.6 156.3

VEGETABLES

FRUITS

(Production in Million Tonnes)

Trends in Fruits and Vegetables Production

Share of Fruits Produced In India(2012-13)

Share of Vegetables produced in India(2012-13)

ExportsDuring 2012-13, India exported fruits and vegetables worth Rs.5986.72 Crores which comprised of fruits worth Rs.2503.75 Crores and vegetables worth Rs.3482.97 Crores

Mangoes, Walnuts, Grapes, Bananas, Pomegranates account for larger portion of fruits exported from the country while Onions, Okra, Green chilies, Mushrooms, Mushrooms contribute largely to the vegetable export basket. The major destinations are UAE, Bangladesh, Malaysia, UK, Netherland, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, and Nepal.

Processed FoodsFood processing sector is one of the largest sectors in India in terms of production, growth, consumption and export. India’s food processing sector covers Fruits and Vegetables: Spices, meat and poultry, milk and milk products, alcoholic beverages, fisheries, plantation, grain processing and other consumer products like confectionary.

Facts About Food Processing in India

India’s food processing sector ranks fifth in the world in exports, production and consumption. Major parts of the food processing sector are milled grain, sugar, edible oils, beverages and dairy products. The contribution of the food processing industry to the gross domestic product at 2004-05 prices in 2012-13

amounts to INR 845.22 Billion. India’s food processing industry has grown annually at 8.4% for the last 5 years, up to 2012-13.

The value addition of the food processing sector as a share of GDP manufacturing was 9.8% in 2012-13. Investment in registered food processing sector had grown by 20.1% at the end of 2012. The number of registered processing factories has increased from 35,838 in 2010-11 to 36,881 in 2011-12,

marking a growth rate of 2.9%. The industry is also one of the largest employment creators, with growth in direct employment in the organized

food processing sector standing at 6.05% between 2010-11 and 2011-12. Food is the biggest expense for an urban Indian household. About 38.6% of the total consumption expenditure

of households was spent on food in 2011-12. The total household expenditure on the purchase of food items in 2012-13 was INR 11 Trillion. An average

household in India spent INR 41,856 on food

Sector PolicyNational Food Processing Policy aims to increase the level of food processing from 10%

in 2010 to 25% in 2025.Food Processing is recognized as a priority sector in the new manufacturing policy of

2011.The National Mission on Food Processing and the Ministry of Food Processing

Industries have launched a new centrally sponsored scheme in April 2012, for implementation through state and union territory governments.

The basic objective of the National Mission on Food Processing is decentralization of the implementation of food processing related schemes for ensuring substantial participation of state and union territory governments.

India’s exports of Processed Food

India’s exports of processed food was Rs.38150.86 Crores in 2013-14, which include the share of:-

Sr. no. Product Export value (in Crores)

1 Mango Pulp 608.56

2 Dried and preserved vegetables 637.96

3 Other Processed Fruit and Vegetables 1733.06

4 Pulses 1285.00

5 Groundnuts 4065.36

6 Guargum 21287.01

7 Jaggery and Confectionary 917.60

8 Alcoholic and non-alcoholic Beverages 1909.37

Make in India

192 Million Hectares of gross cropped area.89.9 Million Hectares of net irrigated area.127 agro-climactic zones.42 mega food parks being set up with an allocated investment of INR 98 Billion.

Major Foreign Investors

Kraft (USA)Mars (USA)Nestle (Switzerland)McCain (Canada)Danone (France)Ferrero (Italy)Del Monte (USA)Kagome (Japan)Kelloggs (USA)Pepsi (USA)Unilever (Anglo Dutch)Perfetti (Italy)Cargill (USA)Coca Cola (USA)Hershey (USA)

Major exported products

MangoIndia’s mangoes come in various shapes, sizes and colors with a wide variety of flavor, aroma and taste.

• A single mango can provide up to 40% of the daily dietary fibre needs- A potent protector against heart disease, cancer and cholesterol build-up.

This luscious fruit is a warehouse of potassium, beta-carotene and antioxidants.• Mangoes are mainly grown in trophical and subtrophical

regions from sea level to an altitude of 1,500m.

Mangoes grow best in temperature around c

VarietiesIndia is the home of about 1,000 varieties. However few varieties which are commercially cultivated are:-

Place Varieties Andhra Pradesh Banganpalli, Suvarnarekha, Neelum and Totapuri

Bihar Bombay green, Chausa, Dashehari, Gulabkhas, Kishan Bhog, Himsagar, Langra

Gujrat Kesar, Alphonso, Rajpuri, Jamadar, Totapuri, Neelum, Dashehari, Langra

Haryana Chausa, dashehari, Langra, Fazil

Himachal Pradesh Chausa, Dashehari, Langra

Karnataka Alphanoso, Totapuri, Banganpalli, Pairi, Neelum, Mulgoa

Madhya Pradesh Alphanoso, Bombay green, Dashehari, Fazil, Langra, Neelum

Maharashtra Alphonso, Kesar, Pairi

Punjab Chausa, Dashehari, Malda

Rajasthan Bombay green, Chausa, Dashehari, Langra

Tamil Nadu Alphonso, Totapuri, Banganapalli and Neelum

Uttar Pradesh Bombay green, Chausa, Dashehari, Banganapalli, Neelum

West Bengal Fazil, Gulabkhas, Himsagar, Kishenbhog, Langra and Bombay Green

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Areas of Cultivation: The major-growing states are Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Bihar, Gujrat and Tamil Nadu.

India’s facts and figures: The country has exported 55584.99 MT of fresh mangoes to the world for the worth of Rs. 284.72 crores during the year 2012-13.

Major Export Destinations: United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, QATAR, Kuwait and Bangladesh..

GrapesGrape(Vitis vinfera) is grown temperate to warm regions; however hot and dry climate is ideal. Indian grapes come in varied characteristics namely colored, white, seeded, unseeded, large, small berries. Indian grapes are successfully grown at and above 250 mean sea level

Varieties

Category VarietyColored seeded Banglore Blue, Gulabi (Muscat)

Colored seedless Beauty Seedless and Sharad seedless

White seeded Anan-e-Shahi, Dilkhush(clone of Anab-e-Shahi)

White seedless Perlette, pusa seedless, Thompson seedless, Sonaka and manik Chaman

Areas of Cultivation: Major grape-growing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and north western region covering Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Maharashtra ranks first in terms of producing accounting for more than 81% of total production.

India Facts And Figures: Grape is an important fruit covering an area of 116 thousand hectares occupying 1.70% of the total area. Also country has exported 172744.42 MT of grapes to the world for the worth of Rs. 1259.43 crores during the year 2012-13.

Major export Destinations: Netherland, United Arab Emirates, United kingdom, Russia, Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh

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Fresh Onions

India is the second largest onion growing country in the world famous for their pungency and are available round the year.

Varieties: Agrifound Dark Red, Agrifound Light Red, Agrifound White, NHRDF Red, Agrifound Rose, and Agrifound Red, Pusa Ratnar, Pusa white Round. There are certain varieties in yellow onion which are suitable for export in European countries Tana F1, Arad-H,Suprex, Granex 55, HA 60 and Granex 429.

Areas of cultivation: Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Tamil Nadu. Maharashtra ranks first in onion production with a share of 32.20%, however in terms of productivity, Gujrat ranks first at 22.9%.

India’s facts and figures: The country has exported 1.64 million MT of fresh onion to the world worth of Rs. 1929.29 crore during 2012-13.

Major Export Destinations: Malaysia, Bangladesh, United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Singapore and Kuwait.

Mango PulpMango pulp is prepared from selected varieties of fresh Mango Fruit.Harvested, quickly transported to the fruit processing plant, inspected

and washed.Selected high quality fruits go to the controlled ripening chamber.Fully ripened mango fruits are than washed, blanched, pulped,

deseeded, centrifuged, homogenized, concentrated when required, thermally processed and aseptically filled maintaining sterility.

The pulp is pasteurized and deep-frozen in plate freezers.Uses :- mango pulp/concentrate is perfectly suited for conversation to

juices, nectars, drinks, jams, fruit cheese, ice-creams, and various other kinds of beverages.

Varieties: Alphonso Mango pulp, Totapuri Mango Pulp, kesar mango pulp.

Areas of Cultivation and Processing: there are 65 processing units with a good backward linkage of Alphonso and Totapuri variety of mangoes which are Chittoor in the state od Andhra Pradesh and Krishnagiri in the state of Tamil Nadu. Some of the Processing units are in the state of Maharashtra and Gujrat.

India’s facts and figures: India is a major exporter in the world with an export of 147815.69 MT of Mango Pulp for the worth of Rs. 608.56 Crores during 2012-13Major export destinations: Saudi Arabia, Yemen Republic, Netherland, United Arab Emirates and USA.

SuggestionsBetter seeds can increase the yield by 40%.Balanced fertilizer usage is equally critically.Irrigation can increase incomes.Credit and land holding are critical from economic point of view.Improve profitability of farmers.Fix wage rates.Contract farming can raise profitability.Promote the use of bio-fuels.Prepare a perspective plan for treating degraded lands.

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