status of vegetable production in the republic and its perspectives for sustainable development in...
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STATUS OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC
and
its perspectives for sustainable development in changing climate
conditions
STATUS OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC
and
its perspectives for sustainable development in changing climate
conditions
Dr R. Mavlyanova, AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Regional coordinator
Dr. R. Khakimov, Director of the Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & PotatoDr. A. Rustamov, Director of the Uzbek Research Institute of Plant IndustryProf. L. Gafurova, Vice-rector of the Tashkent State Agrarian University
20002010 2020 2030 2040 2050
THE POPULATION GROWTH IN THE WORLDTHE POPULATION GROWTH IN THE WORLD
The Population Growth in CAC Region
CountriesPopulation(July 2007
est.)
Population growth
rate(2007 est.)
Armenia 2,971,650 -0.129%
Azerbaijan 8,120,247 0.688%
Georgia 4,646,003 -0.329%
Kazakhstan 15,284,929 0.352%
Kyrgyzstan 5,284,149 1.354%
Tajikistan 7,076,598 1.895%
Turkmenistan 5,097,028 1.617%
Uzbekistan 27,780,059 1.732%
TOTAL: 76,260,663 0.9%
Source: www. The World Fact Book
The population living below poverty line
43.9%
Vegetables: The key source of micronutrients
Vegetables: The key source of micronutrients
= HUNGERголодают
Deficiency in
calories + protein
≥ 0.83 billion underweight
= MICRONUTRIENTDEFICIENCY
Недостаток питания
Deficiency in
vitamins & minerals
2 – 3.5 billion
= OVERCONSUMPTIONИзбыточное питание
Excess of calories ≥ 1.1 billion overweight
malnourished
The Crucial Gap: Lack of High Value NutritionThe Crucial Gap: Lack of High Value Nutrition
Uzbekistan:Total area – 447400 km2
arable – 11%
pasture – 46%
forest – 3%
rivers and lakes – 4,9%
www.geopolitics.ru/states/uzbekistan.htm
Sowing area and vegetable production in Central Sowing area and vegetable production in Central Asia and the CaucasusAsia and the Caucasus ( (1992-20071992-2007))
0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000
CAC countries
Are
a,
ha
Area,1992 Area, 2007
Source: FAOSTAT data
02,000,0004,000,0006,000,0008,000,000
10,000,00012,000,000
CAC countriesP
rod
ucti
on
,t
Production 1992 Production 2007
Source: FAOSTAT data
Sowing area, production, yield and consumption of Sowing area, production, yield and consumption of vegetables in Uzbekistan in 2004-2007vegetables in Uzbekistan in 2004-2007
Area
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
1 2 3 4
Area
P r oduction
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
1 2 3 4
P r oduction
Y ield
180000
200000
220000
240000
260000
1 2 3 4
Y ield
Productionof vegetables in
Uzbekistan
1990-1992
1995-1997
2003-2005
kg/person/year 117 70 80
Source: FAOSTAT data
Central Asian Origin Center of Cultivated Central Asian Origin Center of Cultivated CropsCrops
Cucumis melo L Secondary center
Lagenaria vulgaris Ser Secondary center
Daucus carota L. Primary center
Brassica campestris L., ssp. Rapifera Sinsk,
Primary center
Raphanus sativus L. Secondary center
Allium cepa l.(sensu lato) Primary center, wild relatives exist
Allium. sativum L Primary center, wild relatives exist
Spinacia oleracea L. Primary center, wild relatives exist
Portulaca oleracea L. Secondary center
Ocimum basilicum l. Main center
Northwest India (Punjab, the Northwest Boundary province, Kashmir), whole Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Western Tian-Shan
Priority vegetable crops in Central AsiaPriority vegetable crops in Central Asia
•Tomato•Onion•Carrot•Cabbage•Cucumber•Melon•Watermelon
Challenges of Vegetable SectorChallenges of Vegetable Sector
• Relatively low yield (20 t/ha) & per capita supply (80-100 kg/year)
• High input costs, limited labor supply• Extremely seasonal; 15% come from Nov. to
Mar.• Lack of diversity; tomato, onion, cabbage &
watermelon cover >60% of the total supply• Poor farm-to-market infrastructure & post-
harvest handling• Limited purchasing power of domestic
consumers• Policy of self-sufficiency in cereals >
production of high value vegetables
Key pointsKey points
• Food security• Adoption to climate change• Rational use of natural resources• Sustainable agriculture system• Employment• Householders’ encouragement• Livelihood
Regional strategy on vegetable cropsRegional strategy on vegetable crops
• To increase the vegetable output, improve nourishment
and income and well being of poor though PGR
conservation, their involvement in research activity and
establishment of high productivity varieties for
introduction into production and other issues oriented on
agriculture development and food security
• The funding system and mechanism are the key terms of
the regional strategy implementation
AVRDC – AVRDC – The World Vegetable CenterThe World Vegetable Center
Collaboration in UzbekistanCollaboration in Uzbekistan
The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & Potato
The Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry
The Tashkent State Agrarian University
Our mission:Alleviate poverty and malnutrition in the developing world through increased production and consumption of safe vegetables
The Samarkand
Agricultural
Institute
The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable,The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & Potato Melon Crops & Potato
RESEARCH:• Breeding of vegetable and melon crops • Seed growing • Breeding and seed production of potato• Technologies (improved cultivation technology, safe vegetable
production, in-vitro technology, and etc.)• Plant protection • Physiology, bio chemistry and agro chemistry• Protected ground • Economics • Capacity building• Information distribution and publications• Workshops, trainings
The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & PotatoPotato
67 varieties have been included in the State register67 varieties have been included in the State register
The Uzbek Research Institute of Plant IndustryThe Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry
• Collection and introduction of genetic resources of agricultural crops
• Quarantine control of introduced material
• Conservation of plant genepool and data base
• Complex evaluation and submission of sources and donors of valuable features to breeding institutions
• Introduction into production of non-traditional for the region crops.
PGR CONSERVATIONPGR CONSERVATION
World collections in UzRIPI: Grain Crops- 21969, Industrial Crops- 11068, Fodder Crops- 649, Fruit Crops and Grape- 3906, Vegetable Crops- 5755 accessions
Fruit Crops and Grape
9,0%
Vegetables and melons
12,7%
Industrial Crops 25%
Fodder Crops1,5%
Cereals50,7%
• UzRIPI GenebankUzRIPI Genebank is the first genebank of plant genetic resources in the Central Asia
• World collections seeds of agricultural crops which are richest source of initial material for breeding of new high quality cultivars for the future generation are conserved here
• Now more 23 thousand accessions of 50 different agricultural crops were puted to UzRIPI Genebank for middle-term conservation.
CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
The Tashkent State Agrarian UniversityThe Tashkent State Agrarian Universityandand
• Capacity building for the agriculture• Research work on various topics
The Samarkand Agricultural InstituteThe Samarkand Agricultural Institute
Challenges of Research on VegetablesChallenges of Research on Vegetables
• Almost all institutes are experienced the fund shortage
• Limited funds for conservation and evaluation of PGR
• Loss of local varieties due to the gradual closing down the
seed production activity
• Personnel capacity building needs to be strengthened
• Limited funds and lack of projects oriented toward research of vegetable crops
Profitableness
%100*С
П С
ПР
•Alternative for farmers: to use of low cost or high cost technologies•Improved vegetable cultivation technologies (drip irrigation, mulching, IPM and etc.)
•Resource save vegetable cultivation technologies
•Safe vegetable production
•New improved varieties with different duration period
•Supplying with a high quality seeds
•Infrastructure development for production, processing and marketing
•Vegetables export potential
•Business development
Priority activities for Vegetable R&DPriority activities for Vegetable R&D
Involvement of the private sector, farms Involvement of the private sector, farms and other institutionsand other institutions
• Farmers’ interest in indigenous varieties’ cultivation can be
improved through their provision with high-grade seeds and
production technologies for the important indigenous vegetable
crops, as well as via establishment of the output markets
• Vegetable crop cultivation will facilitate additional jobs creating
and women involvement in the output cultivation and marketing
• Joint research with farmers on various directions, pilot field
establishment, workshop arrangement and guideline
dissemination.
Proposals for research development in Proposals for research development in terms of climate changeterms of climate change
• Development of vegetable research on various directions is very important: PGR, breeding, IPM, seed production, improved cultivation technologies, diversification, economic assessment, marketing, and etc.
• Development of material and technical basis in research institutes, universities and farms
• Investment for increase research development and introduction of new crops varieties with a higher yield and improved practices into vegetable production in various agro ecologies of the republic
• Priority crops definition for a food security and sustainable vegetable production
• Research on influence of climate change on crops’ productivity in agriculture, income of farmers, consumption and a health of population
• Breeding and seed growing – interconnected process
of agriculture crops variety improvement
Priorities of Vegetable Variety ImprovementPriorities of Vegetable Variety Improvement
• Survey of biotic and abiotic stresses of vegetable production systems
• Establishment of database on the existing breeding research, and formalization of the breeding network
• Prioritization of consolidated breeding research targets and strategies for implementation
• Collection, characterization and conservation of indigenous genetic resources
• Exchange and testing of promising varieties • Training of young researchers on both conventional and
modern breeding research methodologies• Joint efforts of public and private sectors on the development
of vegetable seed system
Research priorities in seed productionResearch priorities in seed production::• Enlarging research on vegetable seed growing
• Improvement of the seed production technology
• Identification of the most favourable zones for seed growing within relevant countries
• Improvement of harvest methods and post harvest seed treatment
• Deepening of the research on assessment of seedling and non-seedling method of seed growing to produce seeds of biennial vegetable crops
• Development of the integral pre-harvest seed preparation system
Proposals for research development in Proposals for research development in terms of climate change (cont.)terms of climate change (cont.)
In the context of climate projections for the future and temperature increasing, a more marginal and risky agricultural production environment:
• Heat resistant, drought resistant and salt tolerant vegetable crops’ varieties development
• Introduction of non-traditional crops
• Vegetable production in off-season time in greenhouses and tunnels
Vegetable production in off-season timeVegetable production in off-season time
• Drip irrigation, hydroponics
Proposals for research development in Proposals for research development in terms of climate change (cont.)terms of climate change (cont.)
In mean annual precipitation in summer increase:– Development of appropriated varieties, resistant to
diseases and flooding– Improved technologies adoptionIncreased exposure to new pests and diseases for
agricultural crops and adoption of existing pests– IPM, resistant varieties developmentA progressive worsening of the projected water deficit:– Drip irrigation and hydroponics technologies adoption– Improved early maturing varieties development– Vegetable legumes use for a soil fertility improvement
Crop diversificationCrop diversification• Early maturing, high yielding legumes crops’ varieties for soil fertility
improvement
Proposals for research development Proposals for research development in terms of climate change (cont.)in terms of climate change (cont.)
Increasing of length of growing season:– Changed cropping system, crop
diversification, new crops introduction, including non-traditional crops, early maturing varieties for repeated crops
– Increasing farm income through off-season production of high value vegetables under affordable solar-energy based greenhouse
Capacity BuildingCapacity Building bridging the gapbridging the gap
Capacity BuildingCapacity Building bridging the gapbridging the gap
Transfer of materials, Transfer of materials, technologies & toolstechnologies & tools
TrainingTrainingSupply & management Supply & management
of informationof information
Technical assistance & Technical assistance & cooperation programscooperation programs
Regional collaboration Regional collaboration & partnerships& partnerships
Strategies for Capacity Strategies for Capacity BuildingBuilding
Information Dissemination Information Dissemination through Farmers Days, through Farmers Days, Exhibitions, News Letters, Exhibitions, News Letters,
Posters, Leaflets and Data BasePosters, Leaflets and Data Base
Capacity buildingCapacity building
•Improvement of educational programs in universities, institutes and schools
•Skill formation, professional improvement and trainings of executive stuff, specialists and farmers
•Information distribution
•Integrating biodiversity in the intensification of vegetable production and market systems
•International collaboration potential development
Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!