Steam Tables

Properties of Water and Steam

Saturated Water and Steam: Temperatures from the Triple Point to 100deg C 2 Pressures from the Triple Point to 100kPa 3 Pressures from 100 to 3,000kPa 4 Pressures from 3,000kPa to Critical Point 5 Specific Enthalpy of Water and Steam 6 Specific Entropy of Water and Steam 7 Density of Water and Steam 8 Specific Internal Energy of Water and Steam 9 Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for Steam 10 Properties of R-12, CCl2F2 11 Properties of Ammonia, NH3 12 Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for Ammonia, NH3 13 Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for Carbon Dioxide, CO2 14 Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for Methane, CH4 15 Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for Refrigerant R-410A 16

2

Saturated Water and Steam

Temperatures from the Triple Point to 100deg C

Specific volume Specific internal

energy Specific enthalpy Specific entropy

Temp Pressure m³/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg.K Temp º C kPa Water Steam Water Steam Water Evaporation Steam Water Steam º C

t p vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg t

0.01 0.610 0.001000 206.5 0.0 2375.3 0.0 2501.4 2501.4 0.000 9.157 0.01 2 0.704 0.001000 180.2 8.4 2378.1 8.4 2496.7 2505.0 0.030 9.104 2 4 0.812 0.001000 157.5 16.8 2380.9 16.8 2491.9 2508.7 0.061 9.052 4 6 0.933 0.001000 138.0 25.2 2383.6 25.2 2487.2 2512.4 0.091 9.001 6 8 1.070 0.001000 121.1 33.6 2386.4 33.6 2482.5 2516.1 0.121 8.951 8

10 1.225 0.001000 106.6 42.0 2389.2 42.0 2477.8 2519.7 0.151 8.902 10 12 1.399 0.001001 94.0 50.4 2391.9 50.4 2473.0 2523.4 0.181 8.853 12 14 1.595 0.001001 83.0 58.8 2394.7 58.8 2468.3 2527.1 0.210 8.806 14 16 1.814 0.001001 73.5 67.2 2397.4 67.2 2463.6 2530.8 0.239 8.759 16 18 2.060 0.001001 65.2 75.6 2400.2 75.6 2458.9 2534.4 0.268 8.713 18

20 2.334 0.001002 57.9 83.9 2402.9 83.9 2454.1 2538.1 0.297 8.668 20 22 2.639 0.001002 51.6 92.3 2405.7 92.3 2449.4 2541.7 0.325 8.624 22 24 2.979 0.001003 46.0 100.7 2408.4 100.7 2444.7 2545.4 0.353 8.580 24 25 3.162 0.001003 43.5 104.9 2409.8 104.9 2442.3 2547.2 0.367 8.559 25 26 3.356 0.001003 41.1 109.0 2411.1 109.0 2439.9 2549.0 0.381 8.538 26 28 3.774 0.001004 36.8 117.4 2413.9 117.4 2435.2 2552.6 0.409 8.496 28

30 4.237 0.001004 33.0 125.8 2416.6 125.8 2430.5 2556.3 0.437 8.454 30 32 4.748 0.001005 29.6 134.1 2419.3 134.1 2425.7 2559.9 0.464 8.414 32 34 5.312 0.001006 26.6 142.5 2422.0 142.5 2421.0 2563.5 0.492 8.374 34 36 5.934 0.001006 24.0 150.8 2424.7 150.8 2416.3 2567.1 0.519 8.335 36 38 6.617 0.001007 21.7 159.2 2427.4 159.2 2411.5 2570.7 0.546 8.296 38

40 7.367 0.001008 19.6 167.5 2430.1 167.5 2406.7 2574.3 0.572 8.258 40 42 8.190 0.001009 17.7 175.9 2432.8 175.9 2402.0 2577.9 0.599 8.221 42 44 9.091 0.001009 16.1 184.2 2435.5 184.2 2397.2 2581.4 0.625 8.184 44 46 10.075 0.001010 14.6 192.6 2438.2 192.6 2392.4 2585.0 0.652 8.148 46 48 11.151 0.001011 13.2 200.9 2440.8 201.0 2387.6 2588.5 0.678 8.112 48

50 12.323 0.001012 12.1 209.3 2443.5 209.3 2382.8 2592.1 0.704 8.077 50 52 13.599 0.001013 11.0 217.7 2446.1 217.7 2377.9 2595.6 0.729 8.043 52 54 14.987 0.001014 10.0 226.0 2448.8 226.0 2373.1 2599.1 0.755 8.009 54 56 16.495 0.001015 9.2 234.4 2451.4 234.4 2368.2 2602.6 0.781 7.976 56 58 18.130 0.001016 8.4 242.7 2454.0 242.7 2363.4 2606.1 0.806 7.943 58

60 19.901 0.001017 7.7 251.1 2456.6 251.1 2358.5 2609.6 0.831 7.910 60 62 21.818 0.001018 7.1 259.5 2459.2 259.5 2353.6 2613.1 0.856 7.879 62 64 23.889 0.001019 6.5 267.8 2461.8 267.8 2348.7 2616.5 0.881 7.847 64 66 26.125 0.001020 6.0 276.2 2464.4 276.2 2343.8 2620.0 0.906 7.816 66 68 28.536 0.001022 5.5 284.6 2467.0 284.6 2338.8 2623.4 0.930 7.786 68

70 31.133 0.001023 5.1 292.9 2469.6 293.0 2333.9 2626.8 0.955 7.756 70 72 33.927 0.001024 4.7 301.3 2472.1 301.3 2328.9 2630.2 0.979 7.727 72 74 36.929 0.001025 4.3 309.7 2474.7 309.7 2323.9 2633.6 1.003 7.698 74 76 40.153 0.001027 4.0 318.1 2477.2 318.1 2318.9 2637.0 1.027 7.669 76 78 43.611 0.001028 3.7 326.5 2479.7 326.5 2313.8 2640.3 1.051 7.641 78

80 47.315 0.001029 3.4 334.8 2482.2 334.9 2308.8 2643.7 1.075 7.613 80 82 51.281 0.001030 3.2 343.2 2484.7 343.3 2303.7 2647.0 1.099 7.585 82 84 55.521 0.001032 2.9 351.6 2487.2 351.7 2298.6 2650.3 1.122 7.558 84 86 60.051 0.001033 2.7 360.0 2489.6 360.1 2293.5 2653.6 1.146 7.532 86 88 64.886 0.001035 2.5 368.4 2492.1 368.5 2288.4 2656.9 1.169 7.506 88

90 70.042 0.001036 2.4 376.8 2494.5 376.9 2283.2 2660.1 1.192 7.480 90 92 75.536 0.001037 2.2 385.2 2497.0 385.3 2278.0 2663.3 1.216 7.454 92 94 81.383 0.001039 2.1 393.7 2499.4 393.7 2272.8 2666.6 1.239 7.429 94 96 87.602 0.001040 1.9 402.1 2501.8 402.2 2267.6 2669.7 1.261 7.404 96 98 94.210 0.001042 1.8 410.5 2504.2 410.6 2262.3 2672.9 1.284 7.380 98

100 101.227 0.001044 1.7 418.9 2506.5 419.0 2257.0 2676.1 1.307 7.355 100

3

Saturated Water and Steam Pressures from the Triple Point to 100kPa

Specific volume Specific internal

energy Specific enthalpy Specific entropy

Pressure Temp m³/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg.K Pressure kPa ºC Water Steam Water Steam Water Evaporation Steam Water Steam kPa

p t vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p 0.611 0.0 0.001000 206.3 0.1 2375.4 0.1 2501.3 2501.4 0.000 9.157 0.611 0.8 3.8 0.001000 159.7 15.9 2380.6 15.9 2492.4 2508.3 0.058 9.058 0.8

1.0 7.0 0.001000 129.2 29.4 2385.0 29.4 2484.8 2514.2 0.106 8.976 1 0.01 bar 1.2 9.7 0.001000 108.7 40.7 2388.7 40.7 2478.5 2519.2 0.146 8.909 1.2 1.4 12.0 0.001001 93.9 50.4 2391.9 50.4 2473.0 2523.4 0.181 8.853 1.4 1.6 14.0 0.001001 82.8 59.0 2394.7 59.0 2468.2 2527.2 0.211 8.805 1.6 1.8 15.9 0.001001 74.0 66.7 2397.3 66.7 2463.9 2530.5 0.237 8.762 1.8

2.0 17.5 0.001001 67.0 73.6 2399.5 73.6 2460.0 2533.6 0.261 8.724 2 2.2 19.1 0.001002 61.2 80.0 2401.6 80.0 2456.4 2536.3 0.283 8.689 2.2 2.4 20.5 0.001002 56.4 85.8 2403.5 85.8 2453.1 2538.9 0.303 8.658 2.4 2.6 21.8 0.001002 52.3 91.3 2405.3 91.3 2450.0 2541.3 0.322 8.629 2.6 2.8 23.0 0.001002 48.7 96.4 2407.0 96.4 2447.1 2543.5 0.339 8.603 2.8

3.0 24.1 0.001003 45.7 101.2 2408.6 101.2 2444.4 2545.6 0.355 8.578 3 3.5 26.7 0.001003 39.5 112.0 2412.1 112.0 2438.3 2550.3 0.391 8.523 3.5 4.0 29.0 0.001004 34.8 121.6 2415.2 121.6 2432.8 2554.4 0.423 8.475 4 4.5 31.1 0.001005 31.1 130.2 2418.0 130.2 2428.0 2558.2 0.451 8.433 4.5

5.0 32.9 0.001005 28.2 138.0 2420.5 138.0 2423.6 2561.5 0.477 8.395 5 6 36.2 0.001006 23.7 151.7 2425.0 151.7 2415.8 2567.5 0.521 8.331 6 7 39.0 0.001007 20.5 163.5 2428.8 163.6 2409.0 2572.6 0.560 8.276 7 8 41.6 0.001008 18.1 174.0 2432.2 174.0 2403.0 2577.1 0.593 8.229 8 9 43.8 0.001009 16.2 183.4 2435.2 183.4 2397.6 2581.1 0.623 8.187 9

10 45.9 0.001010 14.7 192.0 2438.0 192.0 2392.7 2584.7 0.650 8.150 10 0.1 bar 11 47.7 0.001011 13.4 199.8 2440.5 199.8 2388.2 2588.1 0.674 8.117 11 12 49.5 0.001012 12.4 207.1 2442.8 207.1 2384.0 2591.1 0.697 8.087 12 13 51.1 0.001013 11.5 213.8 2444.9 213.8 2380.1 2594.0 0.718 8.059 13 14 52.6 0.001013 10.7 220.1 2446.9 220.2 2376.5 2596.6 0.737 8.033 14

15 54.0 0.001014 10.0 226.1 2448.8 226.1 2373.1 2599.1 0.755 8.009 15 16 55.4 0.001015 9.4 231.7 2450.6 231.7 2369.8 2601.5 0.772 7.986 16 17 56.6 0.001015 8.9 237.0 2452.2 237.0 2366.7 2603.7 0.789 7.965 17 18 57.8 0.001016 8.4 242.1 2453.8 242.1 2363.7 2605.9 0.804 7.945 18 19 59.0 0.001017 8.0 246.9 2455.3 246.9 2360.9 2607.9 0.819 7.927 19

20 60.1 0.001017 7.7 251.5 2456.8 251.6 2358.2 2609.8 0.832 7.909 20 0.2 bar 22 62.2 0.001018 7.0 260.2 2459.5 260.2 2353.2 2613.4 0.858 7.876 22 24 64.1 0.001019 6.4 268.3 2462.0 268.3 2348.4 2616.7 0.882 7.846 24 26 65.9 0.001020 6.0 275.7 2464.3 275.8 2344.0 2619.8 0.904 7.818 26 28 67.6 0.001021 5.6 282.8 2466.4 282.8 2339.9 2622.7 0.925 7.793 28

30 69.1 0.001022 5.2 289.4 2468.5 289.4 2336.0 2625.4 0.944 7.769 30 35 72.7 0.001024 4.5 304.4 2473.0 304.4 2327.1 2631.5 0.988 7.716 35 40 75.9 0.001026 4.0 317.7 2477.1 317.7 2319.1 2636.8 1.026 7.670 40 45 78.8 0.001028 3.6 329.7 2480.7 329.7 2311.9 2641.6 1.061 7.630 45

50 81.4 0.001030 3.2 340.6 2483.9 340.6 2305.3 2645.9 1.091 7.594 50 0.5 bar 55 83.8 0.001032 3.0 350.6 2486.9 350.7 2299.2 2649.9 1.120 7.562 55 60 86.0 0.001033 2.7 359.9 2489.6 360.0 2293.6 2653.6 1.146 7.532 60 65 88.0 0.001035 2.5 368.6 2492.2 368.7 2288.2 2656.9 1.170 7.505 65 70 90.0 0.001036 2.4 376.8 2494.5 376.8 2283.2 2660.1 1.192 7.480 70

75 91.8 0.001037 2.2 384.4 2496.7 384.5 2278.5 2663.0 1.213 7.457 75 80 93.5 0.001039 2.1 391.7 2498.8 391.8 2274.0 2665.8 1.233 7.435 80 85 95.2 0.001040 2.0 398.6 2500.8 398.7 2269.7 2668.4 1.252 7.414 85 90 96.7 0.001041 1.9 405.2 2502.7 405.3 2265.6 2670.9 1.270 7.395 90 95 98.2 0.001042 1.8 411.5 2504.4 411.6 2261.7 2673.3 1.287 7.377 95

100 99.7 0.001043 1.7 417.5 2506.1 417.6 2257.9 2675.5 1.303 7.360 100 1 bar 101.325 100.0 0.001044 1.7 419.0 2506.5 419.1 2257.0 2676.1 1.307 7.355 101.325

4

Saturated Water and Steam Pressures from 100 to 3,000kPa

Specific volume Specific internal energy Specific enthalpy Specific.entropy Pressure Temp m³/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg.K Pressure

kPa ºC Water Steam Water Steam Water Evaporation Steam Water Steam kPa p t vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p

100 99.7 0.001043 1.6942 417.5 2506.1 417.6 2257.9 2675.5 1.303 7.360 100 1 bar 110 102.3 0.001045 1.5497 428.8 2509.3 428.9 2250.8 2679.7 1.333 7.327 110 120 104.8 0.001047 1.4285 439.3 2512.2 439.4 2244.2 2683.6 1.361 7.298 120 130 107.2 0.001049 1.3255 449.1 2514.9 449.3 2237.9 2687.2 1.387 7.271 130 140 109.3 0.001051 1.2367 458.4 2517.4 458.5 2232.0 2690.5 1.411 7.247 140

150 111.4 0.001053 1.1594 467.1 2519.7 467.2 2226.4 2693.6 1.434 7.223 150 160 113.4 0.001054 1.0915 475.3 2521.9 475.5 2221.1 2696.5 1.455 7.202 160 170 115.2 0.001056 1.0313 483.1 2524.0 483.3 2216.0 2699.3 1.475 7.182 170 180 117.0 0.001058 0.9776 490.6 2525.9 490.8 2211.1 2701.9 1.495 7.162 180 190 118.7 0.001059 0.9294 497.8 2527.8 498.0 2206.4 2704.4 1.513 7.144 190

200 120.3 0.001061 0.8858 504.6 2529.5 504.8 2201.9 2706.7 1.530 7.127 200 2 bar 220 123.3 0.001063 0.8102 517.5 2532.8 517.7 2193.3 2711.1 1.563 7.095 220 240 126.1 0.001066 0.7468 529.5 2535.9 529.8 2185.3 2715.1 1.593 7.066 240 260 128.8 0.001069 0.6928 540.7 2538.6 541.0 2177.8 2718.8 1.621 7.040 260 280 131.2 0.001071 0.6464 551.3 2541.2 551.6 2170.6 2722.2 1.647 7.015 280

300 133.6 0.001073 0.6059 561.3 2543.6 561.6 2163.8 2725.4 1.672 6.992 300 320 135.8 0.001075 0.5703 570.7 2545.9 571.1 2157.3 2728.4 1.695 6.971 320 340 137.9 0.001078 0.5388 579.7 2548.0 580.1 2151.0 2731.2 1.717 6.950 340 360 139.9 0.001080 0.5106 588.3 2550.0 588.7 2145.1 2733.8 1.738 6.931 360 380 141.8 0.001082 0.4853 596.6 2551.8 597.0 2139.3 2736.3 1.758 6.913 380

400 143.7 0.001084 0.4625 604.4 2553.6 604.9 2133.7 2738.6 1.777 6.896 400 4 bar 420 145.4 0.001085 0.4418 612.0 2555.3 612.5 2128.4 2740.9 1.795 6.880 420 440 147.1 0.001087 0.4229 619.3 2556.9 619.8 2123.1 2743.0 1.813 6.864 440 460 148.8 0.001089 0.4055 626.4 2558.4 626.9 2118.1 2745.0 1.829 6.849 460 480 150.4 0.001091 0.3896 633.2 2559.9 633.7 2113.2 2746.9 1.845 6.835 480

500 151.9 0.001093 0.3749 639.8 2561.3 640.4 2108.4 2748.8 1.861 6.821 500 550 155.5 0.001097 0.3427 655.5 2564.5 656.1 2097.0 2753.0 1.898 6.789 550 600 158.9 0.001101 0.3157 670.0 2567.5 670.7 2086.2 2756.9 1.932 6.760 600 650 162.0 0.001104 0.2927 683.7 2570.1 684.4 2076.0 2760.4 1.963 6.733 650 700 165.0 0.001108 0.2729 696.6 2572.6 697.4 2066.2 2763.6 1.993 6.708 700 7 bar

750 167.8 0.001112 0.2556 708.8 2574.8 709.6 2056.9 2766.5 2.020 6.685 750 800 170.5 0.001115 0.2405 720.4 2576.9 721.3 2048.0 2769.2 2.047 6.663 800 850 173.0 0.001118 0.2270 731.4 2578.8 732.4 2039.3 2771.7 2.071 6.642 850 900 175.4 0.001121 0.2150 742.0 2580.5 743.0 2031.0 2774.0 2.095 6.623 900 950 177.7 0.001124 0.2042 752.1 2582.2 753.2 2023.0 2776.2 2.118 6.604 950

1,000 179.9 0.001127 0.1945 761.9 2583.7 763.0 2015.2 2778.2 2.139 6.587 1,000 10 bar 1,050 182.1 0.001130 0.1856 771.2 2585.2 772.4 2007.6 2780.1 2.160 6.570 1,050 1,100 184.1 0.001133 0.1775 780.3 2586.5 781.5 2000.3 2781.8 2.180 6.554 1,100 1,150 186.1 0.001136 0.1702 789.0 2587.7 790.3 1993.1 2783.4 2.199 6.538 1,150 1,200 188.0 0.001139 0.1634 797.5 2588.9 798.8 1986.1 2784.9 2.217 6.524 1,200

1,250 189.9 0.001141 0.1571 805.7 2590.0 807.1 1979.3 2786.4 2.235 6.509 1,250 1,300 191.7 0.001144 0.1513 813.6 2591.0 815.1 1972.6 2787.7 2.252 6.496 1,300 1,400 195.1 0.001149 0.1409 828.9 2592.9 830.5 1959.6 2790.1 2.285 6.469 1,400

1,500 198.4 0.001154 0.1318 843.4 2594.6 845.1 1947.2 2792.3 2.315 6.445 1,500 1,600 201.5 0.001159 0.1238 857.1 2596.1 859.0 1935.2 2794.2 2.345 6.422 1,600 1,700 204.4 0.001163 0.1167 870.3 2597.3 872.3 1923.6 2795.8 2.372 6.400 1,700 1,800 207.2 0.001168 0.1104 882.9 2598.5 885.0 1912.3 2797.3 2.399 6.380 1,800 1,900 209.9 0.001172 0.1048 895.0 2599.5 897.2 1901.3 2798.5 2.424 6.360 1,900

2,000 212.5 0.001177 0.0996 906.6 2600.4 909.0 1890.7 2799.7 2.448 6.341 2,000 20 bar 2,100 214.9 0.001181 0.0950 917.9 2601.1 920.3 1880.3 2800.6 2.471 6.323 2,100 2,200 217.3 0.001185 0.0907 928.7 2601.8 931.3 1870.1 2801.4 2.493 6.306 2,200 2,300 219.6 0.001189 0.0869 939.2 2602.4 942.0 1860.2 2802.2 2.514 6.289 2,300 2,400 221.9 0.001193 0.0833 949.4 2602.9 952.3 1850.5 2802.7 2.535 6.273 2,400

2,500 224.0 0.001197 0.0800 959.3 2603.3 962.3 1840.9 2803.2 2.555 6.258 2,500 2,600 226.1 0.001201 0.0769 968.9 2603.6 972.0 1831.6 2803.6 2.574 6.243 2,600 2,700 228.2 0.001205 0.0741 978.3 2603.8 981.5 1822.4 2803.9 2.593 6.228 2,700 2,800 230.1 0.001209 0.0715 987.4 2604.0 990.8 1813.3 2804.1 2.611 6.214 2,800 2,900 232.1 0.001213 0.0690 996.3 2604.1 999.8 1804.4 2804.2 2.629 6.200 2,900

3,000 233.9 0.001217 0.0667 1005.0 2604.2 1008.6 1795.7 2804.3 2.646 6.187 3,000

5

Saturated Water and Steam Pressures from 3,000kPa to Critical Point

Specific volume Specific internal energy Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Pressure Temp m³/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg.K Pressure

kPa ºC Water Steam Water Steam Water Evaporation Steam Water Steam kPa p t vf vg uf ug hf hfg hg sf sg p

3,000 233.9 0.001217 0.06669 1005.0 2604.2 1008.6 1795.7 2804.3 2.646 6.187 3,000 30 bar 3,200 237.5 0.001224 0.06250 1021.7 2604.2 1025.7 1778.5 2804.2 2.679 6.162 3,200 3,400 241.0 0.001231 0.05878 1037.8 2604.0 1042.0 1761.8 2803.8 2.710 6.137 3,400 3,600 244.3 0.001238 0.05546 1053.3 2603.6 1057.7 1745.6 2803.3 2.740 6.114 3,600 3,800 247.4 0.001245 0.05248 1068.1 2603.1 1072.9 1729.6 2802.5 2.769 6.092 3,800

4,000 250.4 0.001252 0.04979 1082.5 2602.4 1087.5 1714.1 2801.5 2.797 6.070 4,000 4,200 253.4 0.001259 0.04734 1096.4 2601.6 1101.7 1698.8 2800.4 2.823 6.050 4,200 4,400 256.2 0.001266 0.04511 1109.8 2600.7 1115.4 1683.7 2799.1 2.849 6.030 4,400 4,600 258.9 0.001273 0.04306 1122.9 2599.6 1128.8 1669.0 2797.7 2.873 6.011 4,600 4,800 261.5 0.001279 0.04118 1135.6 2598.5 1141.7 1654.4 2796.2 2.897 5.992 4,800

5,000 264.0 0.001286 0.03945 1148.0 2597.3 1154.4 1640.1 2794.5 2.920 5.974 5,000 50 bar 5,200 266.5 0.001293 0.03784 1160.0 2595.9 1166.8 1625.9 2792.7 2.943 5.956 5,200 5,400 268.9 0.001299 0.03635 1171.8 2594.5 1178.8 1612.0 2790.8 2.965 5.939 5,400 5,600 271.2 0.001306 0.03496 1183.3 2593.0 1190.6 1598.2 2788.8 2.986 5.922 5,600 5,800 273.5 0.001312 0.03366 1194.6 2591.5 1202.2 1584.5 2786.7 3.007 5.906 5,800

6,000 275.7 0.001319 0.03245 1205.6 2589.8 1213.5 1571.0 2784.5 3.027 5.889 6,000 6,200 277.8 0.001325 0.03131 1216.4 2588.1 1224.6 1557.6 2782.2 3.047 5.874 6,200 6,400 279.9 0.001332 0.03024 1227.0 2586.3 1235.5 1544.3 2779.9 3.066 5.858 6,400 6,600 282.0 0.001338 0.02923 1237.4 2584.5 1246.3 1531.1 2777.4 3.085 5.843 6,600 6,800 284.0 0.001345 0.02828 1247.6 2582.6 1256.8 1518.1 2774.9 3.103 5.828 6,800

7,000 285.9 0.001351 0.02738 1257.7 2580.6 1267.2 1505.1 2772.3 3.121 5.814 7,000 70 bar 7,200 287.8 0.001358 0.02652 1267.6 2578.6 1277.4 1492.2 2769.6 3.139 5.799 7,200 7,400 289.7 0.001365 0.02572 1277.3 2576.5 1287.4 1479.4 2766.8 3.157 5.785 7,400 7,600 291.5 0.001371 0.02495 1286.9 2574.4 1297.4 1466.6 2764.0 3.174 5.771 7,600 7,800 293.3 0.001378 0.02422 1296.4 2572.2 1307.1 1454.0 2761.1 3.190 5.757 7,800

8,000 295.1 0.001384 0.02352 1305.7 2569.9 1316.8 1441.3 2758.1 3.207 5.743 8,000 8,200 296.8 0.001391 0.02286 1314.9 2567.6 1326.3 1428.8 2755.1 3.223 5.730 8,200 8,400 298.5 0.001398 0.02223 1324.0 2565.3 1335.8 1416.2 2752.0 3.239 5.717 8,400 8,600 300.2 0.001404 0.02162 1333.0 2562.9 1345.1 1403.8 2748.8 3.255 5.703 8,600 8,800 301.8 0.001411 0.02104 1341.9 2560.4 1354.3 1391.3 2745.6 3.271 5.690 8,800

9,000 303.4 0.001418 0.02049 1350.6 2557.9 1363.4 1378.9 2742.3 3.286 5.677 9,000 9,200 305.0 0.001425 0.01996 1359.3 2555.3 1372.4 1366.5 2738.9 3.301 5.665 9,200 9,400 306.6 0.001432 0.01945 1367.9 2552.7 1381.4 1354.2 2735.5 3.316 5.652 9,400 9,600 308.1 0.001439 0.01896 1376.4 2550.1 1390.2 1341.8 2732.0 3.331 5.639 9,600 9,800 309.6 0.001446 0.01848 1384.8 2547.3 1399.0 1329.5 2728.5 3.345 5.627 9,800

10,000 311.1 0.001453 0.01803 1393.2 2544.6 1407.7 1317.2 2724.9 3.360 5.614 10,000 100 bar 10,500 314.7 0.001470 0.01697 1413.7 2537.4 1429.1 1286.4 2715.5 3.395 5.583 10,500 11,000 318.2 0.001489 0.01599 1433.8 2529.9 1450.2 1255.6 2705.8 3.430 5.553 11,000 11,500 321.5 0.001507 0.01509 1453.6 2522.1 1470.9 1224.7 2695.6 3.463 5.523 11,500 12,000 324.8 0.001527 0.01427 1473.1 2513.8 1491.4 1193.6 2685.0 3.496 5.493 12,000

12,500 327.9 0.001547 0.01350 1492.3 2505.3 1511.6 1162.4 2674.0 3.529 5.463 12,500 13,000 331.0 0.001567 0.01278 1511.3 2496.3 1531.6 1130.8 2662.5 3.561 5.433 13,000 13,500 333.9 0.001589 0.01212 1530.1 2486.9 1551.5 1098.9 2650.4 3.592 5.403 13,500 14,000 336.8 0.001611 0.01149 1548.7 2477.0 1571.3 1066.6 2637.8 3.623 5.372 14,000 14,500 339.6 0.001634 0.01090 1567.3 2466.6 1591.0 1033.7 2624.7 3.654 5.341 14,500

15,000 342.3 0.001658 0.01034 1585.8 2455.7 1610.7 1000.2 2610.9 3.685 5.310 15,000 150 bar 15,500 344.9 0.001684 0.00981 1604.4 2444.2 1630.5 965.9 2596.4 3.716 5.279 15,500 16,000 347.5 0.001711 0.00931 1622.9 2432.1 1650.3 930.8 2581.1 3.746 5.246 16,000 16,500 350.0 0.001740 0.00883 1641.7 2419.2 1670.4 894.6 2565.0 3.777 5.213 16,500 17,000 352.4 0.001771 0.00837 1660.6 2405.5 1690.7 857.2 2547.9 3.808 5.179 17,000

17,500 354.8 0.001804 0.00793 1679.8 2390.9 1711.4 818.3 2529.7 3.840 5.143 17,500 18,000 357.1 0.001841 0.00750 1699.4 2375.1 1732.6 777.6 2510.1 3.872 5.106 18,000 18,500 359.4 0.001881 0.00708 1719.6 2358.0 1754.4 734.6 2489.1 3.905 5.067 18,500 19,000 361.6 0.001926 0.00667 1740.7 2339.3 1777.3 688.8 2466.1 3.940 5.025 19,000 19,500 363.7 0.001978 0.00626 1762.8 2318.5 1801.4 639.3 2440.7 3.976 4.980 19,500

20,000 365.9 0.002039 0.00585 1786.6 2294.9 1827.4 584.6 2412.0 4.016 4.930 20,000 200 bar 20,500 367.9 0.002114 0.00543 1812.9 2267.4 1856.3 522.5 2378.8 4.059 4.874 20,500 21,000 369.9 0.002213 0.00498 1843.7 2233.6 1890.1 448.1 2338.2 4.110 4.807 21,000 21,500 371.9 0.002365 0.00446 1883.9 2187.5 1934.7 348.6 2283.4 4.178 4.718 21,500 22,000 373.8 0.002766 0.00363 1966.0 2094.9 2026.9 147.8 2174.6 4.318 4.547 22,000 22,105 374.1 0.002717 0.00272 1959.0 1959.0 2019.1 0.0 2019.1 4.306 4.306 22,105 Critical point

6

Specific Enthalpy of Water and Steam Pressure (kPa) 0 10 50 100 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 22,105 25,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 100,000

Pressure (bar) 0.1 1 10 100 Critical Pressure 1000

Sat. temp. (º C) 45.9 81.4 99.7 151.9 179.9 212.5 250.4 275.7 295.1 311.1 342.3 365.9 374.1 Sat. specific

enthalpy Water 192.0 340.6 417.6 640.4 763.0 909.0 1087.5 1213.5 1316.8 1407.7 1610.7 1827.4 2117.4

(kJ/kg) Steam 2584.7 2645.9 2675.5 2748.8 2778.2 2799.7 2801.5 2784.5 2758.1 2724.9 2610.9 2412.0 2117.3

Temp (º C) Specific Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Temp (º C)

0 2502 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 22.1 24.9 29.8 39.5 49.0 95.0 0

25 2548 104.9 104.9 105.0 105.3 105.8 106.7 108.6 110.4 112.3 114.1 118.7 123.2 125.2 127.8 132.3 141.3 150.3 194.1 25

50 2595 2593 209.3 209.4 209.7 210.2 211.0 212.7 214.5 216.2 217.9 222.2 226.5 228.2 230.7 235.0 243.5 251.9 293.8 50

75 2642 2640 313.9 314.0 314.3 314.7 315.5 317.1 318.7 320.3 322.0 326.0 330.0 331.7 334.0 338.1 346.1 354.2 394.2 75

100 2689 2687 2683 2676 419.3 419.7 420.5 422.0 423.5 425.0 426.5 430.3 434.0 435.6 437.8 441.6 449.2 456.9 495.1 100

125 2736 2735 2731 2727 525.2 525.5 526.2 527.6 529.0 530.4 531.7 535.2 538.8 540.2 542.3 545.8 552.9 560.1 596.2 125

150 2784 2783 2780 2776 632.2 632.5 633.1 634.4 635.6 636.9 638.1 641.3 644.5 645.8 647.7 650.9 657.4 664.0 697.9 150

175 2832 2831 2829 2826 2801 741.2 741.7 742.8 743.9 744.9 746.0 748.8 751.6 752.8 754.4 757.3 763.1 769.1 800.3 175

200 2880 2880 2878 2875 2855 2828 852.6 853.4 854.3 855.1 856.0 858.2 860.5 861.5 862.8 865.2 870.3 875.5 903.7 200

225 2929 2928 2927 2925 2908 2886 2836 967.1 967.6 968.1 968.7 970.2 971.8 972.5 973.5 975.3 979.2 983.5 1008.1 225

250 2978 2977 2976 2974 2961 2943 2902 1085.4 1085.3 1085.3 1085.4 1085.8 1086.4 1086.7 1087.2 1088.1 1090.6 1093.5 1113.6 250

275 3027 3027 3026 3024 3013 2997 2964 2886 1210.0 1209.2 1208.4 1206.9 1205.9 1205.6 1205.3 1205.0 1205.2 1206.3 1220.4 275

300 3077 3077 3076 3074 3064 3051 3024 2961 2884 2785 1342.3 1337.2 1333.3 1331.9 1330.2 1327.8 1324.6 1323.0 1328.8 300

325 3127 3127 3126 3125 3116 3105 3081 3029 2968 2897 2809 1484.8 1474.3 1470.7 1466.3 1460.1 1451.1 1445.2 1439.4 325

350 3177 3177 3176 3175 3168 3158 3137 3092 3043 2987 2923 2692 1645.6 1635.0 1623.5 1608.4 1588.2 1575.2 1552.6 350

375 3228 3228 3227 3227 3220 3211 3192 3154 3112 3066 3016 2859 2603 2310 1848 1791 1743 1717 1669 375

400 3280 3280 3279 3278 3272 3264 3248 3214 3177 3138 3096 2975 2818 2733 2580 2151 1931 1875 1790 400

425 3331 3331 3331 3330 3324 3317 3303 3272 3240 3206 3171 3071 2953 2895 2806 2614 2198 2060 1915 425

450 3384 3383 3383 3382 3377 3371 3357 3330 3302 3272 3241 3156 3060 3016 2950 2821 2513 2284 2044 450

475 3436 3436 3436 3435 3430 3424 3412 3388 3362 3336 3308 3235 3153 3117 3064 2965 2740 2519 2177 475

500 3489 3489 3489 3488 3484 3478 3468 3445 3422 3398 3374 3309 3238 3207 3162 3081 2903 2720 2313 500

550 3596 3596 3596 3596 3592 3587 3578 3560 3541 3521 3501 3449 3393 3369 3336 3275 3149 3020 2590 550

600 3705 3705 3705 3705 3702 3698 3690 3674 3658 3642 3625 3582 3538 3518 3491 3444 3346 3248 2860 600

650 3816 3816 3816 3816 3813 3810 3803 3790 3776 3762 3748 3712 3675 3660 3637 3599 3521 3442 3108 650

700 3929 3929 3929 3928 3926 3923 3917 3906 3894 3882 3871 3840 3809 3796 3778 3746 3681 3617 3332 700

750 4043 4043 4043 4043 4041 4038 4033 4023 4013 4003 3993 3967 3940 3929 3914 3887 3833 3780 3537 750

800 4159 4159 4159 4159 4157 4155 4150 4142 4133 4124 4115 4092 4070 4060 4047 4024 3979 3934 3726 800

7

Specific Entropy of Water and Steam

Pressure (kPa) 10 50 100 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 22,105 25,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 100,000

Pressure (bar) 0.1 1 10 100 Critical Pressure 1000

Sat. temp. (º C) 45.9 81.4 99.7 151.9 179.9 212.5 250.4 275.7 295.1 311.1 342.3 365.9 374.1 Sat. specific

entropy Water 0.650 1.091 1.303 1.861 2.139 2.448 2.797 3.027 3.207 3.360 3.685 4.016 4.458

(kg/kg.K) Steam 8.150 7.594 7.360 6.821 6.587 6.341 6.070 5.889 5.743 5.614 5.310 4.930 4.458

Temp (º C) Specific Entropy (kJ/kg.K) Temp (º C)

0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.001 -0.010 0

25 0.367 0.367 0.367 0.367 0.367 0.367 0.366 0.366 0.365 0.365 0.363 0.362 0.361 0.361 0.359 0.356 0.353 0.337 25

50 8.175 0.704 0.704 0.703 0.703 0.703 0.702 0.701 0.700 0.699 0.697 0.694 0.693 0.692 0.690 0.685 0.681 0.658 50

75 8.316 1.015 1.015 1.015 1.015 1.014 1.013 1.012 1.010 1.009 1.006 1.003 1.002 1.000 0.997 0.991 0.985 0.958 75

100 8.448 7.695 7.361 1.306 1.306 1.305 1.304 1.302 1.301 1.299 1.295 1.292 1.290 1.288 1.284 1.277 1.270 1.237 100

125 8.572 7.821 7.492 1.581 1.581 1.580 1.578 1.576 1.574 1.572 1.568 1.563 1.561 1.559 1.555 1.546 1.538 1.500 125

150 8.688 7.940 7.613 1.842 1.841 1.840 1.838 1.836 1.833 1.831 1.826 1.821 1.819 1.816 1.811 1.801 1.791 1.747 150

175 8.799 8.052 7.727 6.941 2.091 2.089 2.087 2.084 2.082 2.079 2.073 2.067 2.064 2.061 2.055 2.043 2.032 1.983 175

200 8.904 8.158 7.834 7.059 6.694 2.330 2.327 2.324 2.321 2.318 2.310 2.303 2.300 2.296 2.289 2.276 2.263 2.207 200

225 9.004 8.259 7.936 7.168 6.815 6.415 2.561 2.557 2.554 2.550 2.541 2.532 2.529 2.524 2.516 2.500 2.486 2.422 225

250 9.100 8.356 8.033 7.271 6.925 6.545 2.793 2.788 2.783 2.778 2.767 2.757 2.752 2.747 2.737 2.718 2.701 2.629 250

275 9.192 8.448 8.126 7.368 7.027 6.661 6.228 3.021 3.014 3.008 2.994 2.980 2.974 2.967 2.955 2.932 2.912 2.828 275

300 9.281 8.537 8.216 7.460 7.123 6.766 6.361 6.067 5.791 3.247 3.226 3.207 3.200 3.190 3.174 3.145 3.120 3.021 300

325 9.367 8.623 8.302 7.548 7.214 6.864 6.477 6.211 5.983 5.757 3.478 3.448 3.437 3.422 3.400 3.361 3.329 3.210 325

350 9.450 8.706 8.385 7.633 7.301 6.956 6.582 6.333 6.130 5.944 5.442 3.728 3.706 3.680 3.643 3.586 3.542 3.396 350

375 9.530 8.786 8.465 7.715 7.385 7.044 6.679 6.442 6.254 6.089 5.705 5.227 4.755 4.032 3.930 3.829 3.764 3.579 375

400 9.608 8.864 8.543 7.794 7.465 7.127 6.769 6.541 6.363 6.212 5.881 5.554 5.399 5.142 4.473 4.113 4.003 3.762 400

425 9.683 8.940 8.619 7.870 7.543 7.207 6.855 6.633 6.463 6.320 6.021 5.751 5.636 5.472 5.150 4.503 4.273 3.944 425

450 9.757 9.013 8.693 7.945 7.618 7.284 6.936 6.719 6.555 6.419 6.140 5.902 5.806 5.674 5.442 4.946 4.588 4.125 450

475 9.828 9.085 8.764 8.017 7.691 7.359 7.015 6.802 6.642 6.510 6.247 6.028 5.943 5.829 5.637 5.255 4.908 4.306 475

500 9.898 9.155 8.834 8.087 7.762 7.432 7.090 6.880 6.724 6.597 6.344 6.140 6.062 5.959 5.790 5.470 5.173 4.485 500

550 10.032 9.289 8.969 8.223 7.899 7.571 7.234 7.029 6.878 6.756 6.520 6.335 6.266 6.176 6.034 5.778 5.549 4.833 550

600 10.161 9.418 9.098 8.352 8.029 7.702 7.369 7.168 7.021 6.903 6.678 6.505 6.441 6.360 6.233 6.011 5.818 5.151 600

650 10.284 9.541 9.221 8.476 8.154 7.828 7.497 7.299 7.155 7.040 6.822 6.658 6.599 6.523 6.406 6.205 6.034 5.427 650

700 10.403 9.660 9.340 8.595 8.273 7.949 7.620 7.423 7.281 7.169 6.957 6.799 6.742 6.671 6.561 6.375 6.219 5.664 700

750 10.517 9.774 9.454 8.710 8.388 8.065 7.737 7.542 7.402 7.291 7.084 6.931 6.876 6.807 6.702 6.527 6.382 5.870 750

800 10.628 9.885 9.565 8.821 8.500 8.177 7.850 7.657 7.517 7.408 7.204 7.054 7.001 6.935 6.833 6.666 6.529 6.050 800

8

Density of Water and Steam

Pressure (kPa) 10 50 100 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 22,105 25,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 100,000

Pressure (bar) 0.1 1 10 100 Critical Pressure 1000

Sat. temp. (º C) 45.9 81.4 99.7 151.9 179.9 212.5 250.4 275.7 295.1 311.1 342.3 365.9 374.1

Sat. density Water 990 971 959 915 887 850 799 758 722 688 603 490 368

(kg/m³) Steam 0.0681 0.309 0.590 2.67 5.14 10.04 20.09 30.8 42.5 55.5 96.7 170.8 368

Temp (º C) Density (kg/m³) Temp (º C)

0 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1007 1010 1011 1012 1015 1019 1024 1045 0

25 997 997 997 997 998 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1004 1006 1007 1008 1010 1014 1018 1038 25

50 0.0673 988 988 988 988 989 990 991 991 992 994 997 997 999 1001 1005 1009 1028 50

75 0.0624 975 975 975 975 976 977 977 978 979 981 983 984 986 988 992 996 1015 75

100 0.0582 0.293 0.590 958 959 959 960 961 962 963 965 967 968 970 972 976 980 1000 100

125 0.0545 0.274 0.550 939 939 940 941 942 943 944 946 949 950 951 954 958 963 983 125

150 0.0512 0.257 0.516 917 917 918 919 920 921 922 925 928 929 930 933 938 943 965 150

175 0.0484 0.243 0.487 2.504 892 893 894 896 897 898 901 904 906 907 910 916 921 945 175

200 0.0458 0.230 0.460 2.353 4.86 865 867 868 870 871 875 878 880 882 885 891 897 924 200

225 0.0435 0.218 0.437 2.223 4.55 9.64 835 837 839 841 845 849 851 853 857 864 871 901 225

250 0.0414 0.207 0.416 2.108 4.30 8.97 799 802 804 806 812 817 819 822 826 835 843 877 250

275 0.0395 0.198 0.396 2.006 4.07 8.43 18.33 760 763 766 773 779 782 786 792 802 812 851 275

300 0.0378 0.189 0.379 1.914 3.88 7.97 17.00 28 41.2 716 726 736 739 744 752 765 778 824 300

325 0.0362 0.181 0.363 1.830 3.70 7.57 15.93 25.40 36.5 50.3 665 680 686 693 704 723 739 795 325

350 0.0348 0.174 0.348 1.754 3.54 7.22 15.05 23.68 33.4 44.6 87.2 601 613 626 644 672 694 764 350

375 0.0334 0.167 0.335 1.684 3.39 6.90 14.29 22.28 31.0 40.8 72.0 130.4 220.1 507 559 610 641 731 375

400 0.0322 0.161 0.322 1.620 3.26 6.61 13.62 21.10 29.1 37.9 63.9 100.6 122.4 166.5 358.4 524.2 577.7 694.5 400

425 0.0310 0.155 0.311 1.561 3.14 6.35 13.03 20.08 27.6 35.5 58.4 87.3 102.2 126.9 188.6 394.9 498.2 655.7 425

450 0.0300 0.150 0.300 1.506 3.03 6.12 12.50 19.18 26.2 33.6 54.2 78.8 90.7 109.1 148.5 270.8 402.2 614.8 450

475 0.0290 0.145 0.290 1.454 2.92 5.90 12.01 18.38 25.0 32.0 50.9 72.6 82.7 98.0 128.3 209.9 315.0 572.3 475

500 0.0280 0.140 0.280 1.407 2.82 5.69 11.57 17.65 24.0 30.5 48.1 67.7 76.7 89.9 115.2 177.9 256.9 529.0 500

550 0.0263 0.132 0.263 1.320 2.65 5.33 10.79 16.39 22.1 28.1 43.6 60.4 67.9 78.6 98.3 143.2 195.4 445.2 550

600 0.0248 0.124 0.248 1.244 2.49 5.01 10.12 15.33 20.6 26.1 40.1 55.0 61.5 70.7 87.4 123.5 163.6 374.3 600

650 0.0235 0.117 0.235 1.176 2.36 4.73 9.53 14.41 19.4 24.4 37.3 50.8 56.6 64.8 79.4 110.3 143.6 321.0 650

700 0.0223 0.111 0.223 1.115 2.23 4.48 9.01 13.60 18.2 22.9 35.0 47.3 52.6 60.1 73.2 100.6 129.4 282.0 700

750 0.0212 0.106 0.212 1.060 2.12 4.26 8.55 12.89 17.3 21.7 32.9 44.4 49.3 56.2 68.2 93.0 118.7 252.9 750

800 0.0202 0.101 0.202 1.011 2.02 4.05 8.14 12.25 16.4 20.6 31.2 41.9 46.5 52.9 64.0 86.8 110.2 230.5 800

9

Specific Internal Energy of Water and Steam

Pressure (kPa) 0 10 50 100 500 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 22,105 25,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 100,000

0.1 1 10 100 Critical pressure 1000

Sat. temp. (ºC) 45.9 81.4 99.7 151.9 179.9 212.5 250.4 275.7 295.1 311.1 342.3 365.9 374.1 Sat. specific

internal energy Water 192.0 340.6 417.5 639.8 761.9 906.6 1082.5 1205.6 1305.7 1393.2 1585.8 1786.6 2045.3

(kJ/kg) Steam 2438.0 2483.9 2506.1 2561.3 2583.7 2600.4 2602.4 2589.8 2569.9 2544.6 2455.7 2294.9 2045.3

Temp (º C) Specific Internal Energy (kJ/kg) Temp (º C)

0 2375 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.7 0

25 2410 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.8 104.8 104.7 104.6 104.4 104.3 104.1 103.7 103.4 103.2 103.0 102.6 101.9 101.2 97.8 25

50 2446 2444 209.3 209.3 209.2 209.1 209.0 208.7 208.4 208.1 207.8 207.1 206.4 206.1 205.7 205.0 203.7 202.4 196.5 50

75 2481 2480 313.9 313.9 313.8 313.7 313.4 313.0 312.6 312.2 311.7 310.7 309.7 309.3 308.7 307.7 305.8 304.0 295.7 75

100 2516 2516 2512 2507 418.8 418.7 418.4 417.8 417.2 416.7 416.1 414.7 413.4 412.8 412.1 410.8 408.3 405.9 395.1 100

125 2552 2552 2549 2545 524.6 524.4 524.1 523.3 522.6 521.9 521.2 519.4 517.7 517.0 516.0 514.4 511.2 508.1 494.6 125

150 2588 2588 2586 2583 631.7 631.4 630.9 630.0 629.1 628.2 627.3 625.1 622.9 622.0 620.8 618.7 614.8 611.0 594.3 150

175 2625 2624 2623 2620 2601 740.1 739.5 738.3 737.2 736.0 734.9 732.1 729.4 728.3 726.8 724.3 719.4 714.8 694.5 175

200 2662 2661 2660 2658 2643 2622 850.3 848.8 847.4 845.9 844.5 841.0 837.7 836.3 834.5 831.3 825.4 819.7 795.4 200

225 2699 2698 2697 2696 2684 2667 2628 962.3 960.5 958.6 956.8 952.4 948.2 946.5 944.2 940.3 932.9 926.1 897.1 225

250 2736 2736 2735 2734 2724 2710 2680 1080.3 1077.8 1075.4 1073.0 1067.3 1061.9 1059.7 1056.7 1051.8 1042.6 1034.2 999.6 250

275 2774 2774 2773 2772 2763 2752 2727 2668 1202.1 1198.7 1195.4 1187.5 1180.2 1177.3 1173.4 1167.1 1155.3 1144.7 1103.0 275

300 2812 2812 2811 2810 2803 2793 2773 2725 2667 2591 1328.3 1316.6 1306.1 1302.0 1296.6 1287.9 1272.3 1258.7 1207.5 300

325 2851 2851 2850 2849 2843 2834 2817 2778 2732 2678 2610 1462.3 1444.9 1438.5 1430.3 1417.5 1395.7 1377.5 1313.6 325

350 2890 2890 2889 2888 2883 2875 2860 2827 2790 2748 2699 2520 1612.3 1599.0 1583.6 1561.9 1528.7 1503.2 1421.8 350

375 2929 2929 2929 2928 2923 2916 2903 2874 2843 2808 2770 2651 2449 2210 1799 1738 1677 1639 1532 375

400 2969 2969 2968 2968 2963 2957 2945 2920 2893 2864 2832 2741 2619 2552 2430 2067 1855 1788 1646 400

425 3009 3009 3009 3008 3004 2999 2988 2965 2941 2916 2889 2814 2724 2679 2609 2455 2097 1960 1762 425

450 3050 3050 3049 3049 3045 3040 3030 3010 2989 2967 2943 2879 2806 2772 2721 2619 2365 2160 1881 450

475 3091 3091 3090 3090 3087 3082 3073 3055 3036 3016 2995 2940 2878 2850 2808 2731 2549 2361 2002 475

500 3132 3132 3132 3132 3128 3124 3116 3100 3082 3064 3046 2997 2943 2919 2884 2821 2678 2525 2124 500

550 3217 3217 3216 3216 3213 3210 3203 3189 3175 3160 3145 3105 3062 3044 3018 2970 2870 2764 2366 550

600 3303 3302 3302 3302 3300 3297 3291 3279 3267 3254 3242 3209 3174 3159 3138 3101 3023 2942 2593 600

650 3390 3390 3390 3390 3388 3385 3380 3370 3360 3349 3338 3310 3281 3269 3252 3221 3158 3094 2796 650

700 3480 3480 3479 3479 3478 3475 3471 3462 3453 3444 3435 3411 3386 3376 3361 3336 3284 3231 2978 700

750 3571 3571 3571 3571 3569 3567 3563 3555 3548 3540 3532 3511 3490 3481 3469 3447 3403 3358 3142 750

800 3664 3664 3664 3664 3662 3660 3657 3650 3643 3636 3629 3611 3593 3585 3574 3556 3518 3480 3292 800

10

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

2800

3000

3200

3400

3600

3800

4000

4200

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

Specific Entropy (kJ/kg.K)

Sp

eci

fic E

nth

alp

y (k

J/kg

) .

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

2800

3000

3200

3400

3600

3800

4000

4200

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

Enthalpy - Entropy diagram for Steam

11

Properties of R-12, CCl2F2

Saturated Superheated Specific volume Specific enthalpy Specific entropy by 20K by 40K Saturation

temperature Pressure (m3/kg) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K) (deg C) (MPa) Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour

t P vf vg hf hg sf sg h s h s

-40 0.0643 0.00066 0.2428 164.0 334.0 0.8583 1.5875 345.2 1.6334 356.7 1.6771 -35 0.0808 0.00067 0.1963 168.4 336.4 0.8769 1.5824 347.8 1.6281 359.4 1.6715 -30 0.1004 0.00067 0.1603 172.8 338.8 0.8951 1.5779 350.3 1.6233 362.1 1.6665 -25 0.1237 0.00068 0.1320 177.3 341.2 0.9132 1.5738 352.8 1.6189 364.8 1.6619 -20 0.1509 0.00069 0.1097 181.7 343.5 0.9309 1.5701 355.4 1.6151 367.5 1.6578

-15 0.1825 0.00069 0.0918 186.2 345.9 0.9485 1.5668 357.9 1.6117 370.1 1.6542 -10 0.2189 0.00070 0.0773 190.8 348.2 0.9658 1.5639 360.4 1.6087 372.8 1.6510 -5 0.2607 0.00071 0.0656 195.4 350.4 0.9830 1.5613 362.9 1.6060 375.4 1.6481 0 0.3083 0.00072 0.0559 200.0 352.7 1.0000 1.5590 365.3 1.6035 378.1 1.6456 5 0.3621 0.00072 0.0480 204.7 354.9 1.0168 1.5569 367.7 1.6014 380.6 1.6434

10 0.4228 0.00073 0.0413 209.4 357.1 1.0335 1.5550 370.1 1.5995 383.2 1.6414 15 0.4907 0.00074 0.0358 214.2 359.2 1.0501 1.5532 372.5 1.5978 385.8 1.6396 20 0.5665 0.00075 0.0311 219.0 361.2 1.0665 1.5516 374.8 1.5963 388.3 1.6381 25 0.6507 0.00076 0.0271 223.9 363.2 1.0829 1.5501 377.1 1.5950 390.8 1.6367 30 0.7438 0.00077 0.0238 228.9 365.2 1.0992 1.5487 379.3 1.5938 393.2 1.6356

35 0.8464 0.00079 0.0209 233.9 367.0 1.1154 1.5473 381.5 1.5927 395.6 1.6345 40 0.9591 0.00080 0.0184 239.0 368.8 1.1315 1.5459 383.6 1.5917 397.9 1.6336 45 1.0824 0.00081 0.0162 244.2 370.5 1.1477 1.5445 385.6 1.5907 400.3 1.6327 50 1.2171 0.00082 0.0143 249.5 372.1 1.1638 1.5431 387.6 1.5898 402.5 1.6320

12

Properties of Ammonia, NH3

Saturated Superheated Specific volume Specific enthalpy Specific entropy by 20K by 40K Saturation

temperature Pressure (m3/kg) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K) (deg C) (MPa) Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour

t P vf vg hf hg sf sg h s h s

-40 0.0717 0.00145 1.553 59.4 1448 0.438 6.394 1527 6.701 1597 6.930 -35 0.0931 0.00146 1.217 78.9 1453 0.521 6.292 1533 6.595 1603 6.821 -30 0.1194 0.00148 0.964 98.5 1458 0.602 6.194 1538 6.494 1609 6.717 -25 0.1515 0.00149 0.772 118.1 1463 0.682 6.100 1544 6.398 1614 6.618 -20 0.1901 0.00150 0.624 137.7 1467 0.760 6.010 1549 6.306 1620 6.523

-15 0.2362 0.00152 0.509 157.4 1471 0.837 5.923 1554 6.218 1625 6.433 -10 0.2907 0.00153 0.418 177.2 1474 0.912 5.840 1558 6.134 1630 6.347 -5 0.3548 0.00155 0.347 197.0 1477 0.986 5.759 1563 6.053 1635 6.265 0 0.4294 0.00157 0.289 216.9 1479 1.060 5.681 1567 5.975 1639 6.185 5 0.5158 0.00158 0.243 236.9 1481 1.132 5.605 1570 5.900 1644 6.109

10 0.6151 0.00160 0.205 257.0 1483 1.202 5.531 1574 5.828 1648 6.036 15 0.7285 0.00162 0.175 277.1 1483 1.272 5.459 1577 5.758 1652 5.966 20 0.8575 0.00164 0.149 297.3 1484 1.341 5.388 1579 5.691 1655 5.898 25 1.0032 0.00166 0.128 317.7 1483 1.409 5.319 1582 5.625 1659 5.832 30 1.1672 0.00168 0.110 338.2 1483 1.476 5.252 1584 5.561 1662 5.768

35 1.3508 0.00170 0.096 358.8 1481 1.543 5.185 1585 5.499 1664 5.707 40 1.5554 0.00173 0.083 379.6 1479 1.609 5.119 1586 5.439 1667 5.647 45 1.7827 0.00175 0.072 400.6 1476 1.674 5.054 1587 5.379 1669 5.589 50 2.0340 0.00178 0.063 421.9 1472 1.739 4.990 1587 5.322 1671 5.532

13

Ammonia NH3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

Pre

ssur

e (M

Pa)

14

Carbon Dioxide CO2

0.1

1

10

100

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

Pre

ssur

e (M

Pa)

15

Methane CH4

0.01

0.1

1

10

-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

Pre

ssur

e (M

Pa)

16

R-410A (50/50 CH2F2 / CHF2CF3 by mass)

0.01

0.1

1

10

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

Pre

ssur

e (M

Pa)