steel construction - education sector

2

Steel is tops for schools

Recent announcements by the

Government confirm that the

hiatus in school building in

England is over and more, much

needed first class buildings will be built

to support the UKs educational future.

Steel construction has a track record

of delivering quality buildings that

research has shown help pupils and

students to thrive, and plays a crucial role

in delivering the next generation of first

rate, cost-effective and sustainable school

buildings.

Steel construction is ideally suited for

education related buildings, and many

have achieved BREEAM Excellent and

Very Good ratings. The speed of steel

construction is highly valued in the

education sector as deadlines relating to

academic term times must be met. Cost

effectiveness has always been a major

plus point for steel construction, but this

has assumed a fresh importance in more

austere times. As you will read in these

pages however, designers and contractors

are confident of ensuring that cost

restraints do not prevent aesthetically

pleasing educational environments being

created.

Around 70% of schools are built with

steel frames and it is hard to imagine the

UKs educational needs being met using

any other material. Education is not only

about schools of course, and further

and higher education establishments

are equally reliant on steel construction,

including student accommodation and

specialist research buildings, as you will

read in this special publication.

Education is an important market for

the steel construction sector, and with

around 10% of structural steelwork used

in the UK consumed by the education

sector annually, every effort is made to

ensure that architects and structural

engineers are provided with all the advice

and guidance they need to make using

steel as straightforward as possible.

We hope you find this publication

about the use of steel in this vitally

important sector interesting and

informative, and of course, educational.

January 2013

Introduction by Sarah McCann-Bartlett, Director General, British Constructional Steelwork Association

STEEL CONSTRUCTION: EDUCATION

For detailed information about the use of steel construction for education buildings visit the new steel sector website www.steelconstruction.info/Education_buildings

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Sector overview The education sector has emerged from a period of spending cuts with a more streamlined and cost-effective approach to construction.

viewpoint An architects, an engineers and a quantity surveyors views on the benefits of using structural steelwork in education.

thermal maSS Constructing an educational building that saves money by utilising thermal mass can be easily achieved with a structural steel frame.

project report A host of criteria, including the complexity of roof overhangs, corridor cantilevers, speed of construction and cost, all meant steel was the ideal framing material for the City of Leicester College.

DeSign Project teams are increasingly using standardised designs as a cost-effective way of delivering educational buildings.

project report Once complete the steel framed Outwood Academy Adwick will save money by utilising its structural thermal mass to control internal temperatures.

project report A steel frame for a halls of residence in the Orkney Islands was the most flexible and adaptable solution.

project report One of the last Building Schools for the Future projects is being constructed with a bespoke steel frame using tubular box sections to achieve the desired flat soffit.

project report A primary school in Blackpool featuring a distinctive elliptical roof could only have been constructed quickly and easily with structural steelwork.

project report A modular construction method utilising thermal mass is being used on a new academy and community church in south London.

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

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Education building was one of the main beneficiaries of Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osbornes Autumn Financial Statement in

December, with some 1,000M released for schools. This will translate into work on site during the course of 2013, bringing a much needed boost to a currently beleaguered sector that was not long ago one of the most vibrant, and which had shown a strong preference for using steel as the construction method. The education building sector was brought to a virtual halt in 2010 by the cancellation of Building Schools for the Future (BSF), a 20 year 55,000M invest-ment programme for secondary schools in England that was well served by the steel construction sector, with many iconic school buildings completed and commended for providing first class facilities. Research has shown that superior quality buildings pro-vide environments in which schoolchildren can better thrive, and the steel sector had

reason to be proud of its contribution. Against a new, more austere, economic background some of those schools have recently been criticised for incorporating what are now regarded as wasteful elements atriums have been a particularly sore point and the move is now towards standardised designs and lower capital costs of construction. Architects and engineers are still confident though of delivering high quality design and construction to the education sector within the new financial and design constraints. A review of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) also contributed to a hiatus in school and other education building, but some of the logjam has been released by the Autumn Financial Statement and the future is looking brighter for the education sector now than it has for a couple of years. Steel construction accounts for around 70% of education buildings, according to independently produced market share surveys, and there are good reasons to

assume that the fresh emphasis on speedier delivery of cost-effective schools will see that share rise over time. Although Education Secretary Michael Gove announced in May 2012 that 261 schools will be rebuilt or otherwise improved through the Priority School Building Programme, with a hiatus on use of the Private Finance Initiative it was not clear what funding model would be used. Commentators and financial analysts had fairly consistently said that some form of PFI would be needed, but this was uncertain until the Chancellors Autumn Statement when a new approach, PF2, was announced. The industry awaits news of the first batch of schools to be procured under the new funding regime, in the hope that thrashing out the final details for the process does not delay projects getting started. There is a drive under way to cut costs, by as much as 30%, or 6M per school, according to DfE statements. Prescriptive design templates were issued in October

Things are looking brighter again for the education sector after two years of spending cuts and a disruption caused by rethinking the use of private finance. Nick Barrett finds the education sector eager to respond to calls for more cost-effective design and construction.

School building freed from suspension

The Welsh Government is currently planning a 1,400M investment over seven years under the 21st Century Schools Capital Programme to start in 2014-15, funded equally by the Welsh Government and local authorities. In the period until this programme starts Wales has the last of the projects being built with 415M of capital investment provided under a Transitional Funding programme, which came as welcome news against a background of a cut of 50% in capital spending by the Welsh Government. This was boosted in October 2012 with 15 million to be invested in 2013-14, enabling ten key school projects to start earlier than originally planned. The Government says it is seeking ways to accelerate the programme further.

Schools for the 21st century

More projects like the expansion of the Glyndwr University in Wrexham are planned

The steel frame for Sedgehill High School in Lewisham, London was erected by Bourne Steel

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The Priority School Building Programme (PSBP) has a 2,000M capital cost, 1,750M of which will be spent on construction and some of which will be procured as part of the new private finance scheme, PF2. The Chancellor also announced in December a 1,000M boost to pay for some 100 schools that will start on site in Autumn 2013. Some 270M has been provided for Further Education Colleges as part of the overall programme. Skills minister Matthew Hancock said he expects to see over 1.5Bn of further education projects come to market over the next two years after the Treasury announced a funding boost in December. He said: With colleges trebling the amount of government money invested in capital projects we expect to see over 1.5Bn in new college construction projects get off the ground in the next two years.

School building prioritised

The Scottish Government announced in June 2009 800M of funding to support local authorities in taking forward a 1.25Bn programme for the rebuilding or refurbishment of some 55 new primary and secondary schools by 2017/18. The programme is managed by the Scottish Futures Trust. Funding for 35 school building projects was announced in June 2010, and a further two secondary school projects were announced in December 2010. By the start of 2012 six schools had been completed and opened, nine schools were being built, and construction of other schools started during the 2012 - 2013 financial year.

Schools in Scotland

2012 to be used for 261 schools that will replace those considered to be in the worst condition under the Priority School Building Programme. The templates imply that the schools will be 15% smaller than those built under the previous Building Schools for the Future programme. Investment of 1,000M announced by

the Chancellor is for expanding existing schools and to build 100 new free schools and academies, and comes on top of the money already earmarked for school building. The new money is expected to pay for 100 schemes to be built for local education authorities, funded via the Education Funding Agency, the centralised

procurement unit created as a capital schemes delivery body for the Department for Education (DfE). Northern Ireland was able to end a two year capital spending freeze on schools last year, announcing a 173M plan to build mostly primary schools, as well as two secondary schools and a special school.

The steel frame goes up on the St Peter the Apostle High School in Clydebank

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Designs for school buildings have to adhere to a particular set of requirements, more specific than many other types of structure.

Flexibility, spatial planning, the control of vibrations and acoustics, thermal mass as well as speed of construction all come into play when choosing a framing material for a projects construction. Requirements change depending on the type of building, for instance infant, primary and secondary schools will usually have a fairly regular set of classrooms, based around a standard grid pattern. The main difference being that infant and primary schools are usually single storey structures, while secondary schools are predominantly two or three storeys high. These establishments will also have an assembly hall/sports hall, a structure based around a much larger grid to accommodate the necessary open column free area. In the higher educational sector the structures will also have to accommodate offices, lecture theatres and laboratories, and even multi storey halls of residence with multiple bedrooms. There are many considerations to take into account when designing an educational building, but speed of construction is always one of the most important, says Stafford Critchlow, Director at Wilkinson Eyre. Fast construction programmes are vital so that new buildings can be completed within one academic year, or even during the summer vacation in the case of extensions. This will minimise any potential disturbance to the school, college or university, especially if the new building is adjacent to or adjoined to an existing establishment, which is quite often the case. Steel construction has achieved a strong market position for all types of educational buildings, not just for its speed of construction helped by the fact that steel can be prefabricated into modular elements - but also for shallow floor construction which can aid vibration and acoustic performance. The majority of teaching spaces tend to have a 3m clear headroom and exposed concrete soffits, either precast planks or exposed in situ reinforced concrete. A steel frame with precast planks ticks all the boxes for school construction. Its quick and by leaving the planks exposed the project can achieve optimum thermal mass, explains Hugh Avison, CPMG Architect. Flexibility is also a major consideration in the design stage. Long span steel construction creates column free space and allows rooms to be configured on the

What framing material criteria do architects look at when designing educational buildings?

The material of choice?

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Part of the Bristol BSF initiative, the Bristol Metropolitan Academy was designed by Wilkinson Eyre and Arup as an exemplar scheme in 2005 and opened in 2008. The project is based around a series of learning clusters all linked by an internal street. This covered area separates the teaching blocks and provides the main focus and hub within the school.

It combines the key circulation, social and dining spaces, explains Stafford Critchlow, Director at Wilkinson Eyre. By using steels inherent lightweight construction we created a feature that promotes inclusion. The street is curved on plan and undulates along its top, it could only have been built with steel.

Steel is streetwise

Edward Murphy, Technical Director Mott MacDonald says: Education buildings are an excellent application for spaces designed with high thermal mass. Thermal loads in teaching spaces are characterised by high density occupation for morning and afternoon periods. During the evenings and overnight the building is either empty or usage is low. This cyclical nature of occupancy and thus thermal load is perfect for high thermal mass applications. In our latest Sheffield Schools BSF programme we have employed high thermal mass techniques, using a steel frame, with real success in limiting summertime temperatures and maintaining better room temperature stability year round. Just a note of caution might be to make sure that acoustic reverberation time issues are also addressed, as this is a consideration for all buildings adopting thermal mass, irrespective of frame material.

Engineers viewpoint

The education sector is a key sector for structural steelwork with recent Construction Market surveys commissioned by the BCSA and Tata Steel showing that steelwork frames accounted for just less than 70% of all education construction in 2011. From a cost consultancy perspective, steelwork can offer a number of advantages that can translate into economies being achieved in construction both for school buildings and for further and higher education buildings, says Alastair Wolstenholme, Partner at Gardiner & Theobald. School buildings typically have similar space requirements (e.g. classroom and library/resource space, catering provision, indoor and external sports facilities etc) and economies can therefore be achieved through the repetition and standardisation benefits that steelwork offers. A number of standard solutions for these buildings have been developed, which are generally steel framed, that offer both reduced design and construction periods and cost savings as a consequence. The programme advantages of steel are particularly important as completion is often driven by the academic calendar and a steel frame can offer quicker erection times and reduced overall construction periods. As a consequence of this, and the fact that associated elements such as substructures can be reduced due to lighter frame weights, economies can be achieved. In contrast, further and higher education buildings have a far greater variation in functions and facilities (e.g. workshops, studios, laboratories and lecture theatres as well as general teaching and office space). Within these sectors, steel can provide a range of economical solutions for the required larger spans, higher loadings and varying storey heights as well as the ability to readily vary them within a single building. Furthermore, steelwork can provide future flexibility through larger column free spaces so that buildings can be used or efficiently adapted to suit different needs and functions.

The QSs viewpoint

floor plan to meet the current and future educational needs. Light steel internal walls can be relocated in the future if needs change, leading to fully adaptable buildings. Some projects have a long gestation period and the design can change even as late as the construction stage. Steel is more flexible and lends itself to quick alterations, adds Chris Gilbert, Architect for Pick Everard. Atriums and long linking streets for larger educational projects are parts of a construction job that are invariably framed with steel. Both of these features rely on long open areas where steel construction is the obvious choice, but as Mr Critchlow says steel has other benefits. Steel is more expressive for the construction of big feature elements such as curving and undulating covered streets, he says. (See story on Bristol Metropolitan Academy to right). However, with budgets being tightened, school designs have had to adapt accordingly and so large central feature atriums may be a thing of the past. That is not to say steel construction will suffer, on the contrary many contractors are using modular prefabrication as the way to save money and time, a method that fully utilises steel constructions inherent qualities (see story on page 22).

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Energy costs have more than doubled in the past decade. In schools, or any other buildings, thats a lot of added outlay and explains the growing

interest in creating buildings that save money through utilising their own thermal mass to reduce energy use. Also known as fabric energy storage, thermal mass is the ability of a buildings fabric particularly the exposed soffit of a concrete floor slab to soak up excess heat. This helps to keep the internal environment comfortable while reducing the need for air conditioning. Its a result all round the buildings occupants are happy, the owners save money and the environment benefits because reducing air conditioning means less CO

2 is produced.

For some architects and engineers, though, its led to a misunderstanding that can add unnecessary construction costs to a building. Because concrete is the material providing the thermal mass, some believe that they are limited to the use of a concrete frame as the best way forward. Not true, says Edward Murphy, Technical Director of Mott MacDonald. Its a common misconception that a building needs lots of concrete or masonry to achieve thermal mass, he said. In fact, we only require a thin skin of concrete or masonry, and this can be con-structed on a steel frame every bit as easily

as on a concrete frame. The key is designing so that the concrete or masonry is exposed directly to the internal environment. Using a steel frame in conjunction with precast concrete planks on a school in Doncaster, helped the Outwood Academy Adwick achieve optimum thermal mass. Exposing the floor soffit in most teaching areas has helped maintain the temperature in the school below 25 degrees, resulting in reduced energy. Thermal Mass can also be achieved using a metal deck solution which was used on St Johns Square a four-storey council building in Seaham town centre. The projects success was down to choosing a steel frame comprising steel decking and composite concrete floor slabs which offered the best solution to incorporate natural ventilation and thermal mass to control the building temperatures. It can also make a huge difference to the cost of a building when Cheshire Police built their new headquarters in Blacon, choosing a steel frame and precast planks to mobilise thermal mass saved around five per cent on the cost of a concrete frame and meant the building was finished four weeks earlier than would have otherwise been possible.

So how does thermal mass work?In buildings such as schools and offices, which are intensively used during the day, temperatures can build up to

How steel is meeting the grade and cutting costs when it comes to lean, green thermal mass demands

Keeping buildings cool with steel

uncomfortable levels due to solar gain and internal heat gains from the occupants, computers and other equipment. If the soffit of the floor slab is left exposed, the warm air rises and some of the heat is soaked up by the concrete. This helps to reduce the peak temperatures during the working day and also delays the time at which that peak temperature occurs. At night, cool external air is allowed to flow over the concrete, cooling it down sufficiently so the process can start all over again the next day. A thin skin of concrete will moderate temperatures over a 24 hour cycle of heating and cooling. The ideal thickness is 100mm, a fact that has been accepted


The Outwood Academy was designed with achieving thermal mass as one of its main criteria

Optimum thermal mass can be achieved with a steel frame

How a concrete slab absorbs heat

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l During the day, heat is produced in a building from solar gain, human activity and equipment use.l The warm air rises and flows across the buildings exposed surfaces, where it is stored.l At night, cool air is allowed to flow across the surfaces.l These cool sufficiently to start absorbing heat again in the morning.

How thermal mass works

Common misconceptions

by both the steel and concrete industries. Thicknesses beyond this cannot be mobilised to soak up excess heat. In fact, its the first 25mm that does most of the work (see admittance chart on previous page). So it is important that the heat-absorbing soffits remain exposed, which rules out standard suspended ceilings and dry linings. Experts point out that to get real benefits, its crucial to take thermal mass into consideration as part of a whole building environment strategy that also includes glazing, building orientation and servicing strategies. Mr Murphy says: Its important that architects talk to building performance engineers when they start, because we can have a very beneficial effect on the carbon performance of the building without curtailing innovation in the design process. The steel framed One Trinity Green in South Shields won the BREEAM award for the most sustainable office building in the UK in early 2012, and thermal mass played a large part in its success. The builders carried out thermal modelling to create a mathematical simulation of the internal environment, which showed that thermal mass could be achieved by combining the steel frame with exposed concrete floors. The designers made a virtue of this, creating a much-praised modern Victorian warehouse feel for the 5.1M building. Exposed concrete is also used to excellent aesthetic effect at Birmingham Councils new flagship building in Aston, which achieved a BREEAM Excellent rating. The team decided creating a steel framed structure was the only way that they could achieve the tight construction programme required on the project, and using exposed concrete floors took away the need to install excessive mechanical cooling. This offered significant cost and carbon savings. If you can make a building passive from a design point of view, you save energy and the building will remain low-carbon for the rest of its life, said Mr Murphy.

Heat is stored in the structure by day and expelled at night by the flow of cool air across the exposed surfaces

Structure allows the flow of airacross exposed surfaces

lConcrete building frames create better thermal mass than steel frames.

Wrong Steel framed structures are just as effective, as its the concrete floor that provides the mass.

lThe thicker the concrete used in floors, the more heat it absorbs.

Wrong The first 25mm of the concrete does most of the work, and 100mm is the optimum thickness.


Steel construction has taken the lead in the building of new facilities for the City of Leicester College. A host of criteria, including

the nature, shape, complexity of roof overhangs, corridor cantilevers, drama halls, feature entrance area, speed of construction and cost all pointed to the use of steel as the ideal framing material for this prestigious Leicester Building Schools for the Future (BSF) project. The college has around 1,400 pupils and is a business and enterprise centre as

well as a mixed secondary school for ages 11 to 18. The project is part of the BSF scheme, one of the few such programmes unaffected following the Governments 2010 review. It is now the largest BSF programme consisting of 21 secondary schools. New buildings are being constructed on land already owned by the college, and the completed facilities will make use of an existing council owned sports hall which is also located on the site. The overall design layout of the new build is a T-shaped

structure with three skewed teaching wings protruding from the longest leg of the building. Sustainability has been a key issue for the design team and a lot of emphasis has been placed on natural ventilation, solar shading and other environmental features. The steel frame incorporates a large overhang to the south faade to provide shading from strong high angle sun. Using a steel frame has also given us great flexibility in design. We have been able to create an exciting dynamic school. The simple but effective steel structure also offers the ability to respond to changing educational needs or future expansion, says Mark Leonard, Leicester City Councils Project Manager for the City of Leicester College. The steel frame solution has enabled the designers to address the demanding targets set by the council for carbon reduction, reducing U-values, improving quality of natural light and ventilation, and reducing heat loss. A stack effect of classrooms has been designed for the three two-storey teaching wings. This is said to have optimised the steelwork tonnage and design as well as helping to control natural ventilation. Steve Merrin, Miller Construction Project Manager, says: Steel was chosen for its speed of construction, and replicating the design over two floors made the erection even quicker. Each teaching wing contains a centrally located double height void, to be used as an independent work area. This large open space, as well as the stack effect, will draw warm air upwards and out via the clerestory roof light.

Building a new school in Leicester with structural steel has ticked all the correct boxes for a quick and cost efficient construction programme. Martin Cooper reports.

Steel passes the test

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The steel frame provides flexibility for future expansion

We looked at all materials and steel was the best option, explains Gordon Dow, URS Associate Director. It is cheaper and faster to build with, and it also accommodates the large expanses of curtain walling and the lightweight steel roof more economically than other materials. Miller Construction started on site in April 2012 and is scheduled to complete the building phase of the project in October 2013. The college will then decamp from its existing location into its new building, allowing Miller to begin the demolition and phase two of the job. Phase two also includes turning the plots where the college is currently located into playing fields and a car park, and this is due to be completed by July 2014. Prior to steelwork erection starting on site, the sloping site required a value engineered cut and fill operation to avoid an expensive foundation solution and high landfill taxes. To achieve this, dynamic compaction was carried out on the existing made ground before raising the site to formation level by using suitable excavated materials gained from areas of cut. No spoil has been taken offsite. Instead, it has been used to profile the site, with one part of the college having three levels and being separated from the main two-storey sector by a retaining wall. In June 2012 steelwork erection began, with Adstone Construction using three mobile cranes to erect the entire 800t of structural steelwork in 12 weeks. The company also installed precast lift shafts and precast stairs along with the steelwork, while also putting up easi-edge protection with all exterior beams.

This is another of steels advantages, as the edge protection stays on after the steelwork erection and means there is a safe environment for the follow on trades, says Mr Merrin. The 12,700m2 building is structurally divided up with movement joints separating the three teaching wings from the T-shape, and also another dividing the T and the upper axis. Stability for the frame is provided by cross bracing, mostly located in partition walls and along some faades.

Although the design is fairly simple, the projects steel frame is not short on architectural features as a series of CHS columns are arranged along the faade that leads to the main entrance. Summing up the project Mr Leonard says: The selection of a steel frame has provided a building that will be high performing through its lifecycle, a low maintenance, energy efficient and ultimately recyclable structure, which is always the best solution.

The City of Leicester CollegeClient: The Leicester BSF Company 2Architect: AedasMain contractor: Miller ConstructionStructural engineer: URS Steelwork contractor: Adstone ConstructionSteel tonnage: 800tProject value: 23.6M

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Centrally located voids in each block will aid ventilation

All of the steelwork was erected in 12 weeks, aiding the neccessary quick construction programme

Much of the existing school will be demolished making room for a car park

Designers and contractors are increasingly having to deliver more cost-effective and economical school designs

in response to governmental review recommendations. The 2011 James Review made a host of proposals, one of which was standardised designs and specifications; this was seen as a way to reduce school build costs. A number of leading contractors now have a system in place including Willmott Dixon which has pioneered the Sunesis system. Developed along with local authority controlled company Scape, the system delivers a predesigned and standardised school in quick time, and importantly at a guaranteed price. We actually started designing the Sunesis scheme before the James Review, we knew what was coming, says Bob Athroll, Willmott Dixon Education Sector Manager. Weve based it on our experience of building 180 schools in six years. Its a traditional build that has been predesigned. Sunesis is based on five different predesigned steel frames, which can be modified around a schools requirements. Depending on the sites footprint, the schools budget or the number of classrooms needed, the client can change the designs features or attributes within a set of predetermined parameters. Its a bit like buying a car, you cant change the shape of the product but you can change or add features, adds Mr Athroll. There are said to be a number of advantages with the Sunesis method, many of them associated with steelworks speed of delivery and its lightweight attributes. With steel design, a quick and cost-effective programme is assured, while a steel frame usually means shallower foundations are required, which again saves the client time and money. By choosing a predesigned Sunesis school, a client is importantly reducing procurement times and the associated fees for legal issues, feasibility studies as well as the time spent at design meetings, says Willmott Dixon. The architect and structural engineer for one of the five Sunesis models is Atkins. It has worked on the Keynes primary school model, which offers four steel framed variants. The first completed project recently opened in Rugby (see box). Philip Watson, Head of Education at Atkins says: The Keynes model is based on a 24m span portal frame, which allows lots of future flexibility within the structure. Using steel is always best the option

School designs have had to be radically rethought with the advent of government review and standardisation is seen as the cost-effective way forward, writes Martin Cooper.

Top of the classSTEEL CONSTRUCTION: EDUCATION

Steelwork was the best material to create long span areas at the Horizon Community College in Barnsley, an Atkins/Laing ORourke collaboration

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The UKs first school to be built using the Sunesis scheme has opened in Rugby. The new structure, erected by steelwork contractor Traditional Structures, is a single storey portal frame that requires a concrete slab of only 135mm and no internal structural columns. The 1950s built Oakfield Primary School needed to expand as many classes were already using additional temporary accommodation. The original plan was to extend the school at a cost of around 2M. However, with Sunesis, the school now benefits from a brand new building for 2.2M, excluding site preparation costs. John Harmon, Assets Strategy Manager at Warwickshire County Council said: With the original budget, we were looking at extending and altering the current building, but analysis showed it wouldnt be suitable for conversion into a

21st century school premises a refurbishment option would have meant a poor learning space and the running costs would have been high. Rather than try a make do and mend, for a little bit more we got something much better a modern flexible teaching and learning space, which minimises its impact on the environment both now and in the future. And we got it quickly too which saved money. Peter Owen, managing director for Willmott Dixon in the Midlands said: Councils across the country are facing similar challenges; constrained finances and a boom in pupil numbers. Post the Governments James Review of school buildings, Sunesis provides a new generation of affordable designs giving real value and quality for councils that need to improve learning space.

Next Generation school

for long spans and importantly you get the speed of erection which helps aid a quick overall programme. Atkins has also teamed up with Laing ORourke collaborating on the Sigma secondary scheme and the Novus primary school model. Both these designs deliver schools using standardised components, this is said to save a client up to 30% on building costs. Although the Laing ORourke methodology is a hybrid scheme, steel is used for all of the long span elements. These include dining halls, sports halls, atriums and internal linking streets. Again these large open areas are always best built with a steel frame, sums up Mr Watson. Some internal streets designs can have a very complex shape and steel is usually the only cost-effective solution. Other contractor led standardised design schemes include Balfour Beattys BBi600, a system based on a standard modular format that can be repeated again and again. The contractor has used the system successfully on a number of schools already and slightly adapted it for a scheme in south London (see page 22). Wates Construction has the Adapt Schools Solution, which as well as a new build element, also includes a conversion scheme. This project involves the reconfiguration of existing buildings such as offices and commercial buildings into fit for purpose schools. These educational spaces are predominantly created with structural steel and are said to be easily adapted to reflect future changes.


Large column free areas, such as theatres, are more easily constructed with a steel frame

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Steel proves academic credentials

Work is nearing completion on the Outwood Academy Adwick, a 16M school rebuild project on the outskirts of Doncaster.

The Academy, which is scheduled for completion this spring, will feature improved teaching spaces; a dance and drama studio; a new sports hall; and a personalised learning centre - a space for individual care. With 10,651m2 of floorspace, the school will cater for 1,350 students from ages 11 to 18. Wates Construction is delivering the project and was appointed through a Future Schools Agreement designed to speed up the procurement of new education buildings. Commenting on the project, Peter Davies, Mayor of Doncaster, says: The new school is going to provide the staff and young people with a superb learning environment and it will be a tremendous asset for the local community. Outwood is the second of four Doncaster secondary schools benefiting from a rebuild and it follows our successful lobbying

of government to invest in our school buildings. Using a steel frame in conjunction with precast concrete planks has also helped the project achieve optimum thermal mass. The floor soffit is exposed in most teaching areas and this will help the schools temperature to not exceed 25 degrees, explains Hugh Avison, CPMG Project Architect. At night the building will cool down via passive cooling through the exposed soffits and this will mean less energy consumption. As with most educational projects these days, cost and economics have played central roles in the design and construction of this project. Wates has built a number of schools in recent times, all of which have been constructed with steel. From this past experience, as well as advice from other project team members, steel was chosen as the most economical framing solution. Steel is quick to erect, robust and consequently ideal for building schools, says Paul Hudson, Wates Construction Project Manager.

Structural steelwork was also deemed the most appropriate framing material for this project to reduce the risk of disruption to the construction programme from bad weather. Whilst construction programme is important on all projects, it is particularly significant for the education sector where the academic calendar dictates absolute deadlines. The decision was the right one as little or no time has been lost because of inclement conditions, which is highly important on all projects not least education jobs which have to meet deadlines that correspond with academic terms. The new Outwood Academy is being constructed on former playing fields. Once the school has decamped to its new premises the existing buildings will be demolished and that site turned into new outdoor sports areas. The new Academy building is a predominantly three-storey E-shaped structure with all lift and stair cores located in the main vertical interlinking part of the structure.

The school has an economic steel design which incorporates differing classroom sizes

Thermal mass, economy and speed of construction were crucial criteria when it came to choosing structural steelwork as the framing material for a new academy in South Yorkshire. Martin Cooper reports.


15

Each of the three teaching wings differs slightly as they accommodate different sized classrooms, although the steelwork grid is largely based around a 7.2m 7.2m pattern. One of the wings is two storeys high, but wider at the ground floor level as it accommodates a canteen and kitchen. The majority of the upper second level of the Academy which will mostly accommodate sixth form students is more open plan than the rest of the school. Its an economic structure, one that flexibly incorporates classroom sizes tightly controlled by the school prior to the construction details being finalised, says Gez Pegram, Alan Wood & Partners Director. We were then able to slot the framing around these areas, which was relatively straightforward to do with steel. Stability for the building is provided by steel cross bracing and this is located in and near lift and stair cores in order not to clash with windows; gable ends have also been used for bracing. The locations allowed the frame to be erected over five phases,

with minimal additional temporary bracing needed. The steel frame has a fairly regular grid which suited the use of steelwork. There are also a couple of open plan double height spaces within the Academy and the long span design also lends itself to steel, adds Mr Avison. Flexibility is also important and not putting bracing in partition walls means it can be removed in the future, thereby creating larger classrooms if needed. The open areas consist of a double height ground floor with a library and a drama theatre on the first floor. The drama theatre features a sliding partition, allowing the area to be subdivided into two smaller rooms. Adjacent to the main school building, Atlas Ward Structures has also erected a sports hall, which features a 33m 18m five court arena. A series of long span cellular beams spans the courts. These were chosen for economy, as a light steel member was sufficient to support the relatively lightweight roof.

Erecting structural steelwork on a greenfield site is usually a quick process, and this was the case at Outwood Academy Adwick. As the new buildings are being constructed on former playing fields, steelwork erection was able to begin within a month of the construction programme starting, once groundworks had been completed and a stone sub-base installed. Using two mobile cranes, one of which was also used to place the precast planks, we erected the entire E-shaped main building and the sports hall in less than three months, explains

Richard Woodhead, Atlas Ward Structures Project Manager. As the structural design consists of a braced building, temporary bracing was installed alongside the initial steelwork. It had to remain in place until a number of braced bays were self supporting, and once this was achieved the process was repeated for adjacent bays. The structural design is fairly simple with some vertical repetition as classrooms are the same size. This all adds up to an economical steelwork programme and one which was cost efficient and speedy.

Steel programme makes good timeOutwood Academy Adwick, DoncasterClient: Doncaster Metropolitan Borough CouncilArchitect: CPMG ArchitectsMain contractor: Wates Construction Structural engineer: Alan Wood & PartnersSteelwork contractor: Atlas Ward StructuresSteel tonnage: 520tProject Value: 16M

Thermal mass is the ability of a buildings internal fabric to absorb excess heat, store it and either expel it or use it at a later time.

Did you know ...

l A steel frame can achieve thermal mass just as effectively as a concrete frame, as its the concrete floor that provides the mass.

l It is only the first 75-100mm of exposed soffit that absorbs excess heat on a diurnal cycle. Exceeding this thickness has no value in mobilising thermal mass and will simply increase to the weight of the superstructure.

l The first 25mm of concrete does most of the work, with 100mm being the optimum thickness.

The two storey teacher training centre is erected next to the school


Papdale Halls of Residence, Kirkwall Grammar School, Orkney IslandsClient: Orkney Islands CouncilArchitect: KeppieMain contractor: Morrison Construction, part of Galliford TryStructural engineer: A.F.Cruden AssociatesSteelwork contractor: BHCSteel tonnage: 180t

Steel construction proved to be the most cost-effective and economical option for new halls of residence at Kirkwall Grammar School on the Orkney Islands.

Construction projects on outlying islands, where weather conditions can be extremely changeable, are just the sort of jobs where steel

constructions inherent advantages come to the fore. Structural steelwork is prefabricated and can be delivered to site in manageable loads, whatever the distance is from fabrication facility to the project. Steel is also quick to erect and this is

always an advantage on a project where windy conditions can arise and potentially disrupt the construction programme at any time. These benefits, and more, have all played a significant role in the construction of the Papdale Halls of Residence at Kirkwall Grammar School on the Orkney Islands. As part of a multi million pound schools investment programme for the islands

main contractor, Morrison Construction is also delivering an adjacent new grammar school, a swimming pool and squash courts, and a primary school in Stromness. The Papdale Halls of Residence will replace existing halls located nearby. They are an essential element for the new Kirkwall Grammar School as pupils from across the entire Orkney Islands study here. Pupils from the outlying and northern islands of Orkney cannot travel to and from school in one day, explains Alan Moar, Orkney Islands Council Project Director. They will generally arrive on a Monday morning and stay at the halls until Friday. In conjunction with the adjacent school build programme, Papdale is scheduled for completion in May. Morrison has been on the overall site since mid 2011, but work on the halls only started in March 2012. Early works included levelling the sloping plot and then installing foundations in preparation for the steelwork erection to begin in March. Steelwork contractor BHC, who has also erected the 1,200t steel frame for the grammar school, completed the halls in just three weeks. The speed of steel construction was one of the main reasons for choosing the material, says Ronnie Bruce, Morrison Construction Project Director. We looked at all options and even if wed have had to stop erecting steel for a period due to windy conditions, it was still the best and most cost efficient framing option. Working on a location such as the

Future flexibility


16

Kirkwall Grammar School has a catchment area encompassing the entire Orkney Islands

The lightweight design allows the omission of alternate columns

17

The design of the Papdale Halls of Residence consists of two adjacent blocks that both splay outwards from a common linking entrance area. To avoid adjacent bedroom windows directly facing each other, and to give occupants privacy, the inner elevations feature angled bay windows. The angled bays face away from the adjacent block and allow views to the front of the halls, towards the schools playing fields. Steel was the only material for this tricky design criteria, says Alastair Kinghorn, Keppie Project Architect. To form these bays in any other material would have been costly and labour intensive. All of the bay windows, straight units for the outer faades as well as the angled units, were prefabricated by BHC and brought to site as complete pieces. This speeded up construction as they were simply and quickly lifted and bolted into place.

All in the detail

Orkney Islands means all materials have to be transported from the mainland, with the steelwork arriving by ship from Aberdeen. Steel is more adaptable than other materials as it can be shipped to site in small loads, comments Alastair Kinghorn, Keppie Project Architect. BHC had to limit the steel deliveries to 25t truckloads, which were taken by road from its South Lanarkshire fabrication facility to the port at Aberdeen. Once shipped to Kirkwall, the steel loads were held in a compound until required on site. The Papdale Halls comprise two three-storey blocks linked by a ground level passageway and entrance. Together they provide 70 en-suite bedrooms, mostly singles with a few twins and four disability rooms. Each floor is accessed via lift or stairs, with bedrooms all on the upper two floors, while the ground levels accommodate

kitchens, laundry, dining rooms, TV lounge and staff quarters. The layout of each block is the same, with a central corridor separating two outer rows of bedrooms. The two blocks are of similar size and are constructed as steel braced frames supporting metal decking for the slabs. Bracing is located in gable ends and in the lift cores and stairwells. Steel beams and columns are based around a fairly regular grid pattern of 3.75m 3.75m, with alternate bays larger in one direction at 3.75m 6.75m. Its a lightweight frame and for economic reasons the design has allowed the omission of alternate columns, explains Mr Kinghorn. Summing up, Mr Moar adds: By using steel we also given ourselves the flexibility to extend the halls if necessary. An extension could simply be bolted on to the existing frame.

The ground floor of each block will contain common areas


Steelworks ease of erection was crucial on a site prone to high winds

Dixons Allerton Academy, BradfordClient: Integrated BradfordArchitect: BDPMain contractor: Wates ConstructionStructural engineer: BDPSteelwork contractor: Elland Steel StructuresSteel tonnage: 1,200tProject value: 30M

The use of structural steelwork has played a crucial and significant role in the construction of a flagship academy in Bradford.

Anumber of factors come into play when deciding on a material for a projects structural frame. Quality of construction, future flexibility

and cost are always major considerations, but on a school project in Bradford another criteria was deemed equally as important. For Dixons Allerton Academy the project team wanted a frame that was quick to erect and, importantly, formed a flat soffit. The thinking behind this decision is that it helps with the installation of services and partition walls, making the construction programme quicker. This was particularly important at this academy as it will be mechanically ventilated, so consequently there is a fair amount of associated ducting to be installed. A flat soffit with no down-stand beams certainly means the follow on trades can

complete their

work more quickly and efficiently once the steel frame has been erected, explains Jonathan Pye, BDP Project Director. BDP designed a Slimflor steel frame using tubular steel box sections, with each beam having plates welded to the underside to support concrete floor planks, so ensuring the desired flat soffit. Speed of construction is of utmost importance on all projects and this job was no different. The new school is scheduled to open in time for the 2013 autumn term, so a quick steel erection programme (completed by Elland Steel Structures in just 17 weeks) was a bonus to all concerned. Main contractor Wates Construction was keen on utilising a steel framed design as it has successfully constructed a number of school projects in recent times (see Outwood Academy in this issue), all of which have employed structural steelwork. However, this project is slightly different

as it is one of the last Building

Schools for the Future (BSF) schemes. Because of this it has a bespoke steel framed design, and externally weve gone for at the clients request a robust brickwork cladding, says Mark Powell, Wates Construction Project Manager. Specialising in health and science, the new Dixons Allerton Academy in Bradford will accommodate 1,886 students from ages three right through to 19. This will break down to 26 nursery places; 420 primary and preschool places, and 1,440 secondary places. To accommodate such an array of age groups, the schools design incorporates classrooms on a standard grid, but some feature moveable partitions which is easier to do with a steel frame - allowing two classes to be combined into one larger room as required. Future flexibility is one of the main design criteria for modern schools, says Mr Pye. None of the partition walls are load bearing and so they could be removed,

allowing the

In the frameSTEEL CONSTRUCTION: EDUCATION

The primary school is arranged around a courtyard

18

19

classrooms to be reconfigured. The new building consists of a long curved three-storey secondary school element, with a two-storey primary school attached to its northern elevation. The primary and secondary schools are linked on two levels and share a common entrance. The secondary part of the school houses a sports hall at one end, and here, because of the sloping topography, the building is stepped. The ground floor ends at a retaining wall beyond which sits the sports hall, which is linked directly into the rest of the schools first floor level. Stability for the steel frame is derived from bracing which is positioned at various locations around the structure, mostly inside internal walls. The elongated secondary school building includes two large atriums, both featuring skylights which will allow natural daylight to penetrate the inner structure. Classrooms are arranged predominantly into three rows, with two adjacent corridors either side of a central spine row of classes. The passageways follow the curving shape of the building and separate the inner classrooms from the two perimeter rows of classes. Because of the long span steel design, the inner or spine row of classes could be removed in the future, as there are no column lines in their partition walls. The design has accommodated IT classes in the spine, as these dont

necessarily need direct daylight, explains Paul Owen, BDP Architect Associate. The exceptions to the three classroomed row configuration are the atrium locations, where only the perimeter rows continue either side of the void, and the sports hall where only one row of classes continues along the northern elevation. Because the main curving secondary school building is so long, it has structurally been split into three manageable segments by two movement joints. The primary school, although attached, is in fact a stand-alone structure and is separated from the rest of the school by another movement joint. The primary school is arranged in a square shape around an inner courtyard. This area has an internal and external element, and will be used as a recreational area overlooked by the classrooms. An additional external play area has been accommodated along the front portion of the primary schools upper level. When the Dixons Allerton Academy is completed in August, the existing school buildings will be demolished to make way for new sports pitches, which will also be available for community use.

By providing a multi-disciplinary service coupled with a Building Information Modelling (BIM) workflow, BDP says it was able to play to its strengths on the Dixons Allerton project. At an early stage, the structural team at BDP Manchester took ownership of the architects design model (BDP Sheffield), which improved communication, and reduced re-draw time. As each profession developed the model, clash detection became an integral part of the design process in order to produce coordinated and accurate information in the handover to the various steelwork contractors.

All construction documentation was produced directly from the data-rich 3D model; from the architects planning submission drawings, through schedules and quantities, to detailed design. By referencing live information, it became quickly apparent when a call across the Pennines was needed to tidy up a detail, five minutes later... issued resolved, says Mr Pye. But the use of BIM not only improved communication and co-ordination within the design team, it also offered additional outputs visually, through 4D construction sequencing.


Academy provides BIM flagship

Classrooms and corridors follow the curving shape of the structure

School playing fields will be available for community use

20

On a primary school project in Blackpool speed and cost of construction were two important criteria that led to the choice of a steel framing solution.

Government figures show almost 800,000 more children aged 11 or under will be eligible for state ed-ucation by 2020. This means that

approximately 3,200 new primary schools will be needed by the end of the decade as the pupil population soars to a 50 year high. Local authorities up and down the coun-try are already gearing up for the highest level in the primary population since the early 1970s with a raft of construction plans. An example of this trend is the new 5M Baron Road Primary School being built in Blackpool. Scheduled to open this coming September, it will ultimately have a capacity for 420 pupils, enabling the seaside town to prepare for a rising population as well as giving parents more choice when choosing a school.

The projects client is Blackpool Local Education Partnership (LEP) which is a Public Private Partnership between contractor Eric Wright, Blackpool Council and Northgate Managed Services. The LEP has delivered a number of education projects in the area using structural steelwork. The decision to use structural steelwork was primarily a contractor driven decision, based on past experience and the need to complete the job quickly and efficiently. Speed of delivery and cost were the main reasons for deciding on a steel frame, says Stephen Linforth, IBI Nightingale Project Architect. Once the decision was taken we designed the structure around the LEPs blueprint which included a curved building with a sloping roof.

The structures distinctive roof has a design driven by the proximity of the coast, while its slope is a sympathetic nod towards the adjacent residential properties. Construction is taking place on a brownfield site close to the towns football stadium. Due to the presence of peat, the building has adopted piled foundations and a suspended ground floor slab. On plan the school building structure is elliptically shaped with a highly architectural design that incorporates 7m long cantilevers at either end. The building is essentially two-storey with a pitched roof that slopes in one direction. Because of the roofs geometry one elevation is lower and consequently the upper level on this eastern side of the building accommodates plant rooms and

Steel provides a quick delivery


21

Barron Road Primary School, BlackpoolMain Client: Blackpool Local Education PartnershipArchitect: IBI Nightingale Main contractor: Eric Wright Construction Structural engineer: Booth King PartnershipSteelwork contractor: Billington StructuresSteel tonnage: 140t

not classrooms. Steel was the obvious choice because of the projects shape, adds Ian Entwistle, Booth King Project Engineer. To achieve the curved faades the steelwork is all faceted which is fairly straightforward, using any other material would have been more complicated. Speed of construction using steel is always a vital component of any construction programme, and this project is no exception. Once the steel frame was erected the follow-on trades were able to begin their work and the job was able to quickly take shape and get watertight. Steelwork contractor Billington Structures erected the entire steel package in four weeks, a contract that also included installing three precast stair units.

In the absence of any cores, stability during steel erection required particular attention. We had to brace the steelwork temporarily, and these props stayed in position until we had the entire frame up, says Jon Batty, Billington Structures Project Manager. Once the composite floors were constructed the diaphragm action of the frame stabilised the structure along with strategically positioned permanent vertical bracing. Taking into account the elliptical shape of the structure one of the main challenges associated with steelwork concerned the irregular grid pattern. Each of the columns had to be set at a different angle to achieve the shape, while all of the steel connections designed by

Billington Structures are unique, because of this complex geometry (see box). Steelwork arrived on site on a just-in-time basis in erectable loads of approximately 25t each. The advantage of this was that the steel did not require storage on site. In the absence of any large spans, the biggest being 8m in the schools centrally positioned double height atrium, there are no exceptionally large steel elements, which meant the erection sequence was completed using just one 25t mobile crane. The largest steel members are four 12.5m long beams, each weighing 3.3t each, which are positioned in pairs at either end of the school building. These beams, supported on two columns to the rear, create the feature cantilevering canopies.


The shape of the schools roof was inspired by the nearby coast

Creating the distinctive shape was easier and quicker with steel

Highly architectural shapes can be created more easily with structural steelwork. Project designers will often choose steel for its ease of construction and importantly because the material is adaptable and flexible. The main challenge on this project was the design of the

steelwork connections, especially for the roof. As the roof slopes in two directions most of the connections between the columns and roof rafters are unique, says Kevin Morris, Billington Structures Project Designer. The rafters are not square to the roof, they are all set at an angle. On many projects the connections are duplicated throughout the design, but on this school every one had to

be individually designed. This was a time consuming task, but something that can be done with

structural steelwork far more readily than other materials.

A geometry lesson

22

Steel on the side of the angels

Since the James Review was published in 2011 the process of constructing educational facilities has radically altered. Using bespoke

architecture, quite often incorporating a feature atrium, is out, and standardisation is very much in. A number of leading contractors have decided that in order to achieve the Governments 30% savings target a standardised building approach is needed. Savings can be made with this approach to construction and figures of between 25% and 60% have been mooted. Steelwork is the ideal material for this method, as it is rapid to construct and is erected to tight tolerances, which accommodates a modular or prefabricated approach to other aspects of the building.

For St Michaels and All Angels Church of England Academy in south London, main contractor Balfour Beatty has adapted its standardised school building system to ensure the project is delivered on time and cost effectively. This approach ensures the minimum amount of disruption to surrounding occupants, such as the existing school, and reduces the amount of on site work which can have a potential health and safety benefit. Known as BBi600, Balfour Beattys school system is based on a standard format that can be repeated again and again. The contractor has used the system successfully on a number of schools already and has now slightly adapted it for this scheme, which is different as it consists of two schools and a church all on one site.

We are prefabricating as much material offsite as possible, explains Bob Jenkins, Balfour Beatty Project Manager. The steelwork is included, it was fabricated early in the programme and was then ready to go up on time, and this will ultimately help us to close the envelope quickly and get watertight. The steel frame has been erected rapidly and was configured to facilitate fast installation of the cladding system. Steelwork contractor Bourne Steel delivered the steel to site with pre-engineered channels attached and these will accept brackets from which the cladding contractor simply hangs the insulated exterior panels. By using steel the frame has gone up quicker than it would have with concrete. The design is very efficient and by using metal decking and composite beams weve used less tonnage than previous projects based on our construction principles, thereby saving money, says Simon Stocks, ATOM JLC Project Engineer. The soffit of the metal decking will be left exposed in the classrooms to assist in the cooling of the school. Utilising the slab to achieve optimum thermal mass is an important part of the projects design strategy, adds Mr Stocks. The use of metal decking instead of

St Michaels and All Angels Church of England Academy, Southwark, LondonClient: 4 FuturesArchitect: Allford Hall Monaghan MorrisMain contractor: Balfour BeattyStructural engineer: ATOM JLCSteelwork contractor: Bourne SteelSteel tonnage: 600t

An academy in south London is reaping the benefits of the construction teams new approach. Martin Cooper reports.

The academy and church will achieve optimum thermal mass


23

precast concrete planks is increasing as designers recognise that they can deliver the required thermal mass from standard composite construction. This cost-effective method can either utilise a standard galvanized finish or a Colorcoat option which has a pre-finished painted soffit. Once the steel frame is up the services are then quickly slotted into place. Many of the projects services are modular, with all risers arriving on site complete and ready to be installed within the steel frame immediately. The project is divided into four main sectors, the main St Michaels and All Angels Church of England Academy (SMAA) building, an adjacent three-storey block for Highshore special needs school, a sports hall and a church (see box) which will be linked to the SMAA structure. SMAA is 100m long by approximately 36m wide and consists of a three-storey element sandwiched between a couple of two-storey segments. Breaking up the structure are two open courtyards and a centrally located movement joint. Steelwork has been based around a regular 7.8m grid, not just for SMAA but also for the smaller three-storey Highshore building, and both these structures rely on concrete cores for their stability. Bourne supplied cast in plates for the core-to-beam connections, making sure the steelwork could begin quickly and efficiently. A steel framed sports hall, measuring 34m x 20m will be one of the last areas to be completed. Long clear spans are essential for this type of structure and a series of 3t beams will be erected to form the sports hall. We are working around a live school and the projects footprint is very tight.

Using steel and prefabricating offsite will allow us to complete on time without causing undue noise and disturbance to the students, explains Mr Jenkins. Aman Kasturia, Balfour Beatty Design Manager, further explains: With so many elements being manufactured offsite by different suppliers, a higher level of coordination between the interfaces is required, and to facilitate this the design team and key suppliers such as Bourne Steel have utilised Building Information Modelling (BIM) heavily throughout the project. With the close proximity of the functioning school in mind and the fact that the site is also bounded on two sides by roads, all of the perimeter intumescent fire protection for the steelwork is applied offsite. This is a safety procedure, says Kevin Springett, Bourne Steel Project Manager. By doing this at our fabrication facility, it avoids any possible paint inadvertently being sprayed beyond the site.

At present the St Michaels and All Angels Church of England Academy is operating at 50% of its intended capacity, having vacated half of its premises last year. Some of the school was then demolished to make room for the new build. Construction work is to be completed this summer, and the academy is then due to open in September when the remaining old buildings will be demolished to be replaced with new sports fields.

Community church

Site Key Plan

Foundation Level

2875

Ext. Ground

3350 300

1685

0

SIDE ELEVATION

2000

400 1300 300

3750

114.3

x3.6C

HS

114.3x3.6CHS

114.

3x3.

6CHS

114.3x3.6CHS

114.

3x3.

6CH

S

254x254x73UKCUKC254x254x73

UKC254x254x73

203x203x46UKC

203x203x46UKC

203x203x46UKC

203x203x46UKC

203x203x46UKC

Foundation Level

2875

Ext. Ground

3350

2400

FRONT ELEVATION

300 1800 300

7710

1780

1780

1780

2025

2025

175

1727

5

114.3x3.6CHS

114.3

x3.6C

HS

114.3x3.6CHS

203x203x46UKC

203x203x46UKC

203x203x46UKC

UKC

254x

254x

73

UKC

254x

254x

73

203x203x46UKC

203x203x46UKC

B B

A A

PLAN AT GROUND LEVEL

300

1300

400

300 1800 300

3D VIEW

SECTION A-A

203x203x46UKC

114.3x3.

6CHS

203x203x46UKC

203x

203x

46U

KC

203x

203x

46U

KC

SECTION B-B

114.3x

3.6CH

S

203x203x46UKC

203x

203x

46U

KC

203x203x46UKC

203x

203x

46U

KC

MAINTENANCE

DECOMISSIONING/DEMOLITION

CONSTRUCTION ITEM -

THE CONTRACTOR SHALL ENSURE THAT PRIOR TO COMMENCEMENT OF WORKS, ALLWORK SHALL HAVE IN PLACE A FULL METHOD STATEMENT & RISK ASSESSMENT. THECONTRACTOR SHALL ALSO ENSURE THAT ALL OPERATIVES ARE CORRECTLY INDUCTEDARE COMPETENT TO UNDERTAKE THE WORK.ALL TEMPORARY WORKS REQUIRED TO UNDERTAKE THE WORKS SHALL BE DESIGNED BYTHE CONTRACTOR. ANY SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCES ARE IDENTIFIED ON THEDRAWING WHERE REQUIRED.

NB.

THIS DRAWING IDENTIFIES POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT HAZARDS ( OR REQUIRED METHODSOF WORKING / SEQUENCING ) THAT A COMPETENT CONTRACTOR COULD NOT BEEXPECTED TO IDENTIFY

POTENTIAL CDM HAZARDS

REFERENCE IS MADE TO JLC DESIGN RISK ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTREF. SMHS_CIV_28_CDM_300, WHICH THE CONTRACTOR SHOULD READ IN FULL.

MAINTENANCE


CONSTRUCTION ITEM -

MAINTENANCE


CONSTRUCTION ITEM -

MAINTENANCE


CONSTRUCTION ITEM -

TEMPORARY BRACING TO FRAME.

REFER SMHS_CIV_28_CDM_300.

WORK ADJACENT TO BUILDINGSIN USE.

REFER SMHS_CIV_28_CDM_300.

Revision/Issue

Drawing Status:

Drawing Name:

Project Title

Scale Drawn Date:

Drawn By: Checked By:

Drawing No: Rev:

Email: [email protected] Website: www.lupton.co.ukTel: 01924 282000 Fax: 01924 282001

Lupton Court, Prospect Road,Ossett, West Yorkshire WF5 8AF

No Checkedby: Date

Drawnby:

EducationBalfour Beatty

atom

CANTERBURY . WAKEFIELD . EDINBURGH

group

NOTESThis drawing is copyright and is the property ofJAMES LUPTON CONSULTANTS and is not to becopied or reproduced in whole or in part except underwritten agreement.

Do not scale this drawing. Any discrepancy to bereported to the Engineer immediately. Seek clarificationfrom the Engineer onany matter where the requirements are in doubt.

This drawing to be read in conjunction with allEngineers, Architects or other relevant drawings andspecifications & design objectives reports.

All dimensions and levels to be checked on site by thecontractor prior to preparing any working drawings orcommencing work on site.

The contractor must ensure and will be consideredresponsible for the overall stability of the buildingstructure, excavations etc at all stages of the work.

All work by the Contractor must be carried out in sucha way that all requirements under the Health andSafety at Work Act are satisfied.

All work to be carried out in compliance with therequirements of all relevant Statutory Authorities andRegulations.

This drawing shall not be used for constructionpurposes unless it has been issued as a specificrevision where the description of the revision states``Issued for Construction".

For General Notes refer top Drawing No.SMHS-STR-20-SCH-001

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

St Michael All Angels Academy &Highshore

SMHS_STR_28_DET_372

01-11-11

3.1

FOR APPROVAL/COMMENT

1:50

GF SCS

CHURCH STEEPLESTEELWORK DETAILS SHEET 2

TOTAL STEEL TONNAGE : 6156 Kgs

1.0 Draft CP Issue GF SCS 01.11.11

(EXCLUDES SECONDARY STEELWORK TO MASONRY)

3.1 Stage 3 Issue GF SCS 28.02.12

Because of the proximity of roads much of the intumescent fire protection has been done offsite

The chosen steel framed design has saved the client time and money


The project includes a new St Michaels Church, to be used not only by the academy but also by the local community. The church will be connected to the academys SMAA building, but structurally it is an independent structure. Erected as a steel braced frame, the church is 19m long x 9m wide with a sloping roof which is 9m at its highest point. The decision to build this element of the project with steel was down to cost effectiveness. Time is of the essence and as this part of the project was the last to be erected, a quick programme was essential and steel was the obvious choice as it could be completed in a couple of weeks. Standing adjacent to the church, a feature spire will also be erected by Bourne Steel. We will be fabricating and assembling the entire spire offsite to save time, says Kevin Springett, Bourne Steel Project Manager. Well then bring the 10t structure to site and erect it in one day. The steel framed spire will be 17m high and will be clad in white brickwork to match the exterior faades of the church.

SteelConstruction.info is the new online encyclopaedia for UK steel design and construction information.

Developed and maintained by the British Constructional Steelwork Association, Tata Steel and the Steel Construction Institute, the site brings together a wealth of information in an easy to use, fully searchable format that is constantly updated.

At its heart lies over 100 interlinked and freely downloadable articles from industry experts, covering all the topics that civil and structural engineers need to have at their fi ngertips. These core articles then act as a roadmap with multiple links to other detailed sources of information. A number of online CPD presentations are also included, which enable the user to take a test and download a certifi cate for their records.

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ANY.QUESTIONS?

Multi-storey offi ce buildings 1 Attributes of steel construction 1.1 Value for money 1.2 Speed of construction 1.3 Flexibility and adaptability 1.4 Service integration 1.5 Quality and safety 1.6 Sustainability 2 Anatomy of commercial buildings 2.1 City centre commercial buildings 2.1.1 Tall commercial buildings 2.1.2 Commercial buildings with atria 2.1.3 Mixed use commercial buildings 2.2 Commercial buildings in suburban areas 3 Structural options in commercial buildings 3.1 Braced frames 3.2 Continuous frames 3.3 Composite construction 3.4 Long span systems 3.4.1 Beams with web openings 3.4.2 Cellular beams 3.4.3 Fabricated beams 3.4.4 Other types of long span beams 3.5 Shallow fl oor beams 3.6 Floor systems 4 Key issues in the design of commercial buildings 4.1 Procurement 4.2 Client requirements in multi-storey offi ce buildings 4.3 Building economics 4.4 Construction programme 4.5 Sustainability 4.5.1 Operational energy use in offi ces 4.5.2 BREEAM for offi ce buildings 4.6 Loading for offi ces 4.7 Services and service integration 4.8 Fire engineering 4.9 Floor vibrations 4.10 Acoustic performance 4.11 Health and safety 4.12 Corrosion protection 4.13 Fabrication and construction 5 Connections 5.1 Typical details 5.2 Other interfaces 5.3 Faade systems 6 Case studies 7 References 8 Further reading 9 Resources 10 See Also 11 CPD Single storey industrial buildings 1 Attributes of steel construction 1.1 Speed of construction 1.2 Flexibility and adaptability 1.3 Maintenance 1.4 Resource effi cient design 1.5 Sustainability 1.6 Value for money 2 Anatomy of typical single storey building 2.1 Framing options 2.2 Geometry and layout 2.3 Secondary steelwork 2.4 Envelope 2.5 Floor slabs 2.6 Offi ce areas 2.7 Mezzanines 3 Forms of construction 3.1 Choice of building form 3.2 Types of portal frame 3.3 Lattice structures 3.4 Suspended structures 4 Design 4.1 Design concept 4.2 Frame choice 4.3 Structural design 4.4 Interdependence of frames and envelopes 4.5 Operational energy performance 4.6 Service integration 4.7 Roof drainage systems 4.8 Floors and foundations 4.9 Connection details 4.10 Fire Safety 4.11 Sustainability 4.11.1 Operational energy use in single storey industrial buildings 4.11.2 BREEAM for industrial buildings 5 Construction 5.1 Lead-in times 5.2 Site erection periods 5.3 Safe site erection 5.4 Envelope erection 6 Procurement 6.1 Design & Build 6.2 Traditional 6.3 Project management 6.4 Early involvement of the supply chain 6.5 Selection of the supply chain 6.6 Achieving collaborative working 6.7 Achieving commitment 7 Case studies 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links 11 Resources 12 See Also 13 CPD 1 Design drivers in the retail sector 1.1 Supermarkets 1.2 Superstores - out of town retail outlets 1.3 Distribution centres 1.4 Shopping centres 1.5 Mixed use retail and commercial or residential buildings 2 Anatomy of a typical retail building 2.1 Single storey superstore 2.2 Single storey supermarket 2.3 Distribution warehouses 2.4 Shopping centres 2.5 Mixed use retail and residential buildings 3 Attributes of steel construction 3.1 Speed of construction 3.2 Economy 3.3 Lightweight construction 3.4 Flexibility 3.5 Sustainability 3.6 Versatility 4 Forms of construction 4.1 Portal frames 4.2 Trusses 4.3 Building envelopes 4.4 Braced frames 4.5 Composite construction 4.6 Long span beams 4.7 Floor systems 5 Key issues 5.1 Procurement, cost and programme 5.2 Sustainability 5.2.1 Operational energy use in supermarkets 5.2.2 BREEAM for retail buildings 5.3 Design guidance 5.4 Service integration 5.5 Fire engineering 5.6 Acoustic performance 5.7 Floor vibrations 5.8 Car parks 5.9 Fabrication and construction 5.9.1 Single storey buildings 5.9.2 Multi-storey buildings 6 Case studies 7 References 8 Further reading 9 Resources 10 See Also 11 CPD Healthcare Buildings 1 Attributes of steel construction 1.1 Speed of construction 1.2 Flexibility and adaptability 1.3 Quality 1.4 Minimised disruption 1.5 Cleanliness 1.6 Vibration and acoustic performance 1.7 Service integration 1.8 Thermal insulation of cladding 1.9 Environmental benefi ts 2 Anatomy of a typical health sector building 3 Forms of construction 3.1 Braced frames 3.2 Rigid frames 3.3 Composite construction 3.4 Long span beams 3.5 Floor systems 3.6 Cores 3.7 Infi ll walling 3.8 Modular units 4 Procurement, cost and programme 4.1 Procurement routes 4.1.1 Framework Partnering 4.1.2 Private Finance Initiative (PFI) 4.1.3 Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT) 4.2 Cost 4.3 Programme 5 Sustainability aspects 5.1 Life cycle costing 5.2 BREEAM for Hospitals 5.3 Minimising operational CO2 emissions 6 Design guidance 6.1 Special requirements 6.2 Service integration 6.3 Fire engineering 6.4 Corrosion protection 6.5 Acoustic performance 6.6 Floor vibrations 6.7 Health & Safety 6.8 Fabrication and construction 7 Case studies 8 References 9 Resources 10 See Also 11 External links Education Buildings 1 Attributes of steel construction 2 Anatomy of a typical education building 3 Forms of construction 3.1 Braced frames 3.2 Composite construction 3.3 Long span beams 3.4 Floor systems 3.5 Modular construction 3.6 Light steel and infi ll wall construction 4 Procurement, cost and programme 4.1 Procurement routes 4.2 Cost 4.3 Programme 5 Sustainability aspects 5.1 BREEAM for schools 5.2 Renewable energy system 6 Design guidance 6.1 Special requirements for schools 6.2 Dimensional requirements for planning of schools 6.3 Services and service integration 6.4 Fire safety 6.5 Corrosion protection 6.6 Acoustic insulation 6.7 Health & safety 6.8 Materials and construction 7 Typical details 7.1 Connections 7.2 Facades and interfaces 8 Case studies 9 References 10 Further reading 11 Resources 12 See Also Leisure Buildings 1 Attributes of steel construction 1.1 Ease and speed of construction 1.2 Ability to span long distances 1.3 Appearance 1.4 Flexibility and adaptability 1.5 Maintenance 1.6 Cost effi cient design 1.7 Sustainability 2 Categories of leisure building 2.1 Stadia 2.2 Indoor arenas 2.3 Theatres and auditoria 3 Anatomy of a typical leisure building 3.1 Geometry and layout 3.2 Framing options 3.3 Roofi ng options in stadia 3.4 Sightlines and seating 3.5 Additional facilities in stadia 4 Forms of construction 4.1 Continuous frames 4.2 Portal frames 4.3 Braced frames 4.4 Long span beams 4.4.1 Trusses 4.4.2 Cellular beams 4.4.3 Curved beams 4.5 Composite construction 4.6 Floor systems 4.7 Envelope 4.8 Detailing and connections 5 Key issues 5.1 Procurement, cost and programme 5.2 Sustainability 5.3 Design issues 5.3.1 Venue circulation space 5.3.2 Climate control 5.3.3 Acoustics 5.3.4 Floor vibrations 5.4 Fire engineering 5.5 Corrosion protection 5.6 Health and safety 5.7 Fabrication and erection 6 Case studies 7 References 8 Further reading 9 Resources 10 See Also 11 External links Residential and Mixed Use Buildings 1 Attributes of steel construction 2 Types of residential buildings 2.1 Housing 2.2 Residential buildings in suburban areas 2.3 Residential buildings in urban areas 2.4 Mixed-use residential buildings 2.5 Student residences 2.6 Hotels 3 Forms of construction 3.1 Light steel framing 3.2 Steel frames with light steel infi ll walls 3.2.1 Composite beam and composite fl oor slabs 3.2.2 Steel beams and precast concrete slabs 3.2.3 Slim fl oor beams with precast concrete slabs 3.2.4 Slimdek with deep composite fl oor slabs 3.2.5 Infi ll walling 3.3 Modular construction 3.4 Podium structures 4 Key issues in the design of residential buildings 4.1 Procurement 4.2 Building economics 4.3 Construction programme 4.4 Sustainability 4.4.1 Code for Sustainable Homes 4.4.2 Thermal performance 4.4.3 Renewable energy systems 4.5 Floor zones 4.6 Below ground car parking 4.7 Service integration 4.8 Fire safety 4.9 Floor vibrations 4.10 Acoustic performance 4.11 Health and safety 4.12 Corrosion protection 4.13 Fabrication and construction 5 Typical details 5.1 Connections in light steel framing 5.2 Connections in steel framed buildings 5.3 Infi ll walls 5.4 Building envelopes 5.4.1 Faade systems 5.4.2 Roofi ng systems 5.4.3 Balcony systems 6 Case studies 7 References 8 Resources 9 See Also Bridges 1 Attributes 2 Forms of construction 2.1 Beam bridges 2.2 Box girder bridges 2.3 Truss bridges 2.4 Arch bridges 2.5 Cable-stayed bridges 2.6 Suspension bridges 3 Materials 4 Design 5 Construction 6 Durability 7 Case Studies 8 Resources 9 See Also 10 External links 11 CPD Cost of Structural Steelwork 1 Introduction 2 The importance of realistic steel pricing 3 Making the most of the available information 4 Key cost drivers 4.1 Function, sector and building height 4.2 Form, site conditions and complexity 4.3 Location, logistics and access 4.4 Programme, risk and procurement route 5 Current cost 5.1 Low rise and short span buildings 5.2 High rise and longer span buildings 5.3 Industrial buildings 5.4 The cost table 6 Cost planning through the design stages 7 Cost comparison study 8 Market share trend in UK multi-storey construction 9 Resources 10 See also 11 External links Sustainability 1 Sustainable construction legislation and drivers 2 Steel and sustainable construction 2.1 Steel manufacture 2.2 Steel fabrication 2.3 The steel supply chain 2.4 Health and safety 2.5 Speed of construction 2.6 Recycling and reuse 2.7 Adaptability 3 Attributes of sustainable buildings 3.1 Location 3.2 Aesthetic appeal 3.3 Low impact materials 3.4 Flexibility and adaptability 3.5 Recyclability 3.6 Demountability and reuseability 3.7 Minimising on-site and local impacts 3.8 Operational energy effi ciency 3.9 Robustness and longevity 3.10 Low maintenance 4 Embodied carbon 4.1 Embodied carbon assessment 4.2 Life cycle assessment (LCA) 4.3 LCA system boundaries 4.4 Accounting for end-of-life and recycling 4.5 Embodied carbon comparisons 4.6 Steel embodied carbon and LCA data 5 Operational carbon 5.1 Operational carbon targets 5.2 Operational carbon assessment 5.3 Embodied versus operational carbon 5.4 Breakdown of energy use in buildings 5.5 Energy effi ciency measures 5.6 LZC technologies 5.7 Optimum solutions for low and zero carbon design 5.8 Thermal mass 6 BREEAM 6.1 Understanding BREEAM 6.2 Optimum routes to BREEAM targets 6.3 Material assessment within BREEAM 7 Sustainable procurement and responsible sourcing 7.1 Sustainable procurement 7.2 Sustainable procurement within the steel sector 7.3 Responsible sourcing standards 8 The UK steel construction sector 8.1 Sector commitments 8.2 BCSA Sustainability charter 8.3 BCSA Carbon foot-printing tool 9 References 10 Resources 11 See Also 12 CPD Design 1 Design process 1.1 Steel design 2 Concept design 3 Factors affecting choice of structural system 3.1 Stability systems 3.2 Columns 3.3 Floor systems 3.4 Foundations 3.5 Integration of building services 3.6 External envelope 4 Structural principles 4.1 Actions 4.2 Analysis 4.3 Sensitivity to second-order effects 5 Design Standards 5.1 Building Regulations 5.2 BS 5950 5.3 Eurocodes 5.3.1 National Annexes 5.3.2 NCCI 5.4 Basis of structural design 5.5 BS EN 1993-1 (Eurocode 3) 5.6 BS EN 1994 (Eurocode 4) 6 Common structural systems 6.1 Composite construction 6.2 Precast concrete units 6.3 Integrated fl oor solutions 6.4 Long-span beams 7 Trusses 8 Portal frames 9 Member design 10 Connections 10.1 Simple connections 10.2 Moment-resisting connections 11 Structural robustness 12 Specifi cation of structural steelwork 12.1 BS EN 1090 Execution of steel structures 12.2 The National Structural Steelwork Specifi cation for Building Construction (NSSS) 13 References 14 Further reading, 15 Resources 16 See Also 17 CPD 18 External links Fire and Steel Construction 1 The Building Regulations and fi re precautions in buildings 2 Steelwork fi re resistance 3 Design using structural fi re standards 4 Fire protecting structural steelwork 5 Structural fi re protection specifi cation 6 Hollow sections in fi re 7 Composite steel deck fl oors in fi re 8 External steelwork in fi re 9 Car parks in fi re 10 Single storey buildings in fi re 11 Active fi re protection 12 Structural fi re engineering 13 Structural steel after fi re 14 One stop shop 15 References 16 Resources 17 See also 18 External links Corrosion protection 1 Corrosion of structural steel 2 Infl uence of design on corrosion 3 Surface preparation 4 Paint coatings 5 Metallic coatings 5.1 Hot-dip galvanizing 5.2 Thermally sprayed metal coatings 6 Appropriate specifi cations 7 Inspection and quality control 8 References 9 Resources 10 Further reading 11 See also 12 External links 13 CPD Acoustics 1 Introduction to acoustics 1.1 Sound 1.2 Acoustic detailing 2 Regulations and requirements 2.1 Residential buildings 2.2 Schools 2.3 Hospitals 2.4 Commercial buildings 3 Walls 3.1 Wall Construction 3.2 Types of Wall 4 Floors 4.1 Floor Construction 4.2 Floor treatments 4.3 Ceilings 5 Junction details 6 Integration of elements 7 References 8 Further