steel design course

7/28/2019 Steel Design Course

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Steel: Green Now, Green Forever

Building with recycled materials

Steel Door Institute30200 Detroit Road

Westlake, Ohio 44145

www.steeldoor.org

Phone: 440-899-0010FAX: 440-892-1404

Email: [email protected]

Course Number:

GSD08A

An AIA Continuing Education Program

Credit for this course is 1 AIA HSW/SD CE Hour

Steel: Green Now, Green ForeverBuilding with recycled materials

GreenCE, Inc. 2012

Please note: you will need to complete the conclusion

quiz online at GreenCE.com to receive credit


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An American Institute of Architects (AIA)Continuing Education Program

Approved Promotional Statement:

GreenCE, Inc. is a registered provider with The American Institute of Architects

Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon completion of this program willbe reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion are

available for all course participants upon completion of the course conclusion quiz

with +80%.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education.

As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an

approval or endorsement by the AIA or GreenCE, Inc. of any material of

construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in

any material or product.


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An American Institute of Architects (AIA)Continuing Education Program

Course Format: This is a structured, web-based course with a final exam.

Course Credit: 1 AIA Health Safety & Welfare (HSW), Sustainable Design (SD) CE

Hour

Completion Certificate: A copy is sent to you by email or you can print one uponsuccessful completion of a course. If you have any difficulties printing or receiving by

email please send requests to [email protected]

Design professionals, please remember to print or save your certificate of completion

after successfully completing a course conclusion quiz. Email confirmations will be

sent to the email address you have provided in your GreenCE.com account.




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Course DescriptionThis one hour course focuses on the production and recyclability of steel in

the construction industry, including the general and sustainable advantages of

building with steel. This includes a look at how specifying steel can contribute

to potential LEED credits as well as compliance with the upcoming

International Green Construction Code (IgCC) requirements.

The focus will be on steel as an infinitely recyclable material and its various

applications within the building industry. In addition, we will look at several

agencies/codes/regulations involved with sustainability and construction.

Course Description


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By completing this course, the design professional will be able to:

1. Explain basic steel production, the role of recycled steel in this process,and the environmental benefits.

2. Describe construction products made from recycled steel and theadvantages of steel construction, including doors and frames.

3. Discuss the features and applications of steel doors and frames.

4. List LEED credits available when building with steel.

5. Describe the integration of the International Green Construction Code(IGCC).

Learning Objectives


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Designers and builders

have long recognized steel

for its:

Strength

Durability

Functionality

Security

Fire protection

Weather protection

Steel Historically Recognized for:Steel Historically Recognized for:


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Additional Benefits

Recycling steel saves money while conserving energy and resources, as well as

reducing solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes. Recycling also helps to spread the

energy impact of the original extraction and manufacturing of the material overinfinite generations of new steel-based products, as steel does not lose durability or

quality through the recycling process.

The amount of recycled content in steel products varies over time, both as a function

of the cost of steel scrap and its availability.

Steel Recycling Institute, Steel Takes LEED with Recycled Content, November 2009, 680 Andersen Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15220-2700

412.922.2772 sri rec cle-steel.or

Steels recognized environmental attributes

include its infinite recyclability, long service life,

high reclamation rate, and low discard rate.

Steel construction materials are meeting the

green construction demands with sustainable

products.

Additional Benefits


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Steel is Green

Did you know that steel isAmericas most widely recycled material?

As more steel is used for construction and other products, more scrap is

available for future recycling.

At the end of a products useful life, about 88% of all steel products and

nearly 100% of structural steel beams and plates used in construction are

recycled into new products.

Steel is Green


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Objective 1

Explain basic steel production, the role of

recycled steel in this process and the

environmental benefits

Objective 1


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Virgin steel is made by applying

heat to three materials: iron ore,

limestone, and a charcoal or coal

fuel.

These elements have not

changed in the more than 4,000

years that iron has been used.

Recipe for Virgin SteelRecipe for Virgin Steel


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History of Iron Production

2500 B.C. Iron first used

1300 B.C. Iron production begins

1300 A.D. High temperature manufacture process

with charcoal fuel begins in Germany

1718 A.D. Coking coal fuel started in the U.K.

History of Iron Production


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Open Hearth furnaces are used in Russia,

China, and other parts of the world where

environmental controls are weak. No steel

is made in the U.S. with the Open Hearth

technique because of the high level of

pollution that is created.

Open hearth furnaces lack efficiency and

generate more CO2 emissions than either

of the two types of furnaces used in NorthAmerica.

Steel Production Technologies

Both the Basic Oxygen Furnace and the Electric Arc Furnace can use

old steel to make new steel, however the two manufacturing processes

vary significantly in their environmental impact.

Steel Production Technologies


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The Basic Oxygen Furnace process can

produce steel from virgin ore. It can also

use up to 35 percent old steel in

producing steel.

The major characteristic of steel slabs

produced by a Basic Oxygen Furnace is

malleability. Malleability of a metal is

defined as able to be hammered or

pressed permanently out of shape withoutbreaking or cracking.

Basic Oxygen Furnace

Malleable steel is used to fabricate products such as automotive

fenders, refrigerator encasements, and packaging like soup cans,

industrial drums or pails.

Basic Oxygen Furnace


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Electric Arc Furnace The Electric Arc Furnace is the most environmentally friendly type of

steel furnace. It can use up to 100% recycled steel to make new steel.

This furnace produces the strongest steel. It is used to fabricate

structural beams, steel plates, and reinforcing bars.

Because there is no chain of custody on steel manufactured in the US,

companies that purchase American-made steel do not know whether the

material they use has been produced by a Basic Oxygen Furnace or an

Electric Arc Furnace. However, it is important to note that North

American steel production is the most environmentally-friendly steel

produced anywhere in the world.

With the advent of the mini mill, which does not make coke as part of its

production process, 100% recycled steel is even cleaner in terms of air

pollutants.

Electric Arc Furnace


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Making steel requires a series of

successive refinements. The series

begins with cokemaking. This step

refines the fuel reactant needed to

liberate the iron from its naturally-occurring compounds. That fuel is

either refined coal or coke.

Cokemaking has historically been

the largest source of emissions of

all the processes associated with

steelmaking.

Making Steel

The second step is ironmaking, which is the extraction of the iron

from the iron ore. The extracted iron is called pig iron. The third step,

steelmaking, purifies the pig iron and creates the steel alloy.

Making Steel


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It is worth stressing that steel is

the most recycled material in the

world.

In fact, more steel is recycled

than all other materials combined

as shown in the graph on the

next slide.

Steel: The Most Recycled Material in the WorldSteel: The Most Recycled Material in the World


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www.recycle-steel.org

Estimated Tons Recycled By Material in North American

J anuary 1 to May 31, 2011Estimated Tons Recycled By Material in North American


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Today two out of every three pounds of new steel are produced from

old steel. Steel recycling has both an economic and environmental

benefit. It is less expensive to recycle steel than to mine virgin ore and

move it through the process of making new steel.

However, because steel is such a durable material the demand for

steel is greater than the amount that can be produced solely from

recycled old steel. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to mine virgin

ore to supplement the production of new steel. The good news is that

iron is the fourth most abundant element in the earths crust and, after

aluminum, the second most abundant metal.



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Products made from most materials, such as plastics and paper,

degrade in the recycling process. Such products can be recycled once

or twice, but ultimately they must be discarded. Corrugated cardboard,

for example, can be recycled into new cardboard an average of seventimes before the fibers become too short for further use.

Because of the inherent durability of steel and the development of

reclamation infrastructure (that is, scrap collection and processing

facilities), steel can be recycled endlessly into new steel products.

Such a closed-loop life cycle provides significant environmental and

economic advantages.



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Steel Recycling Benefits

The North American steel industry

has been recycling steel scrap for

over 170 years.

Today there are 2,500 regional

scrap steel processors and

12,500 auto dismantlers.

The energy saved by recycling

reduces the annual energyconsumption of the steel

manufacturing industry by about

75%, which is enough to power

eighteen million homes for one

year.

Steel Recycling Benefits


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Environmental Impact of Building

A typical 2,000 square foot wood frame home requires about 40

to 50 trees.

The steel frame equivalent only uses the steel fromapproximately six scrapped automobiles.

Environmental Impact of Building


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Objective 2

Describe the construction products made from

recycled steel

Describe the advantages of steel construction

materials such as doors and frames

Objective 2


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Recycled steel can be used tomake almost every type of steelconstruction product:

Steel doors/frames

Steel beams/columns

Steel studs

Steel roofing

Steel decking

Ductwork

Steel siding Corrugated steel pipe

Steel utility poles

Other steel hardwareand components

Construction ProductsConstruction Products


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Advantages of Steel Construction Products

Fire safety, security, durability and recyclability

Can contribute to LEED credits and better HVAC

performance as part of proper building envelope Complies with International Green Construction

Code (IgCC)

Steel construction products are made to exact

specifications, minimizing on-site waste Non-toxic/ no hazardous waste as with some wood

products

Steel Recycling Institute, Steel Takes LEED with Recycled Content, November 2009, 680 Andersen Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15220-2700412.922.2772 [email protected]

Advantages of Steel Construction Products


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Sustainability and Steel in ConstructionApplications

Steel offers both functional and

environmentally sustainable benefits

when used for construction.

Steel is durable, with the highest

strength-to-weight ratio of any building

material. This makes it very well-suited

for use in commercial buildings.



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Metal roofs with heat-deflecting coatings

and finishes can save building owners

up to 40% in heating and cooling costs.



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Steel is lighter than other framing

materials and saves job-site time. It

provides straight walls and squarecorners, and results in less scrap and

waste than lumber.

Builders can realize substantial

discounts on builders risk insurancewhen using steel construction materials.



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Newly developed grades of steel offer

significant weight savings. Bridges

constructed with the new lighter-weightsteel are less expensive to build.



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A utility pole made of steel is at least 30%

lighter in weight than wooden poles.

Lighter weight means reducedtransportation, handling, and construction

costs.

Additionally, steel poles do not require

toxic chemical preservative treatments,eliminating hazardous waste disposal.



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Steel Doors and Frames Offer ManyConstruction Advantages

Stops the spread of flames and smoke

Secure against break-ins

Impervious to bad weather

Offer superior durability and anti-corrosion

Allow only minimal air infiltration resulting

in less energy loss between doors and

interior and exterior surfaces

Steel Doors and Frames Offer ManyConstruction Advantages


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Objective 3

Discuss the features and applications of

steel doors and frames

Objective 3


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Steel Door and Frame Superiority Steel doors are capable of holding back a fire for

3 hours.

Steel does not expand or contract with moisture

content Steel doors and frames are not vulnerable to

termites, mold, fire, wind or weather; they offer

superior protection in hurricane and tornado

shelter applications.

Steel doors and frames are factory-finished.

Factory-applied finishes emit considerably fewervolatile organic compounds (VOCs) than field-

applied coatings because the primary off gassing

occurs at the plant under controlled conditions.

Steel Door and Frame Superiority


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Steel Doors May Consist of Different CoreMaterials but All Are Recyclable

While the performance and aesthetic

characteristics of the four main steel door

cores (steel-stiffened, honeycomb,polystyrene, polyurethane) are different

from one another, all four are recyclable.

Honeycomb core doors and steel-

stiffened doors are virtually 100%

recyclable.

An architect can be assured that doors

which perform to the performance levels

outlined in the SDI standards will conform

regardless of core material.


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Objective 4

List LEED credits available when

building with steel

Objective 4


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Identifying the Players

Environmental agencies, codes and regulationsimportant to environmental standards in the U.S.:

Clean Air Act U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED)

Identifying the Players


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Clean Air Act

Federal law, passed in 1970

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also created

in 1970 to manage the Clean Air Act

Goal: reduce air pollution

Regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile

sources

Significant amendments in 1990 placed emphasis on

more cost-effective approaches to reducing air

pollution

Clean Air Act


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US Green Building Council (USGBC)

Trade organization founded in 1993

Promotes sustainability in how buildings are

designed, built, and operated

Develops and monitors LEED standards

US Green Building Council (USGBC)


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Leadership in Energy and EnvironmentalDesign (LEED)

Nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction and

operation of high performance green buildings.

Five strategy areas: sustainable site development, watersavings, energy efficiency, materials and resources selection,

indoor environmental quality

Five applicable LEED rating systems (New Construction,

Interiors, Operation and Maintenance, Neighborhoods, Homes)

Points are awarded on the basis of projects meeting established

criteria

LEED Professional accreditation is attained through GBCI

LEED


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One of the benefits of LEED is that it encourages the steel

industry to recover even more scrap as contractors improve

their recycling collection methods at the job site. The result is

the reduction in iron and steel scrap sent to landfills.

LEED encourages builders of commercial buildings and

residential housing to improve their recycling systems,

including end-use recycling.

LEED ContributionsLEED Contributions


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Steel recycling efficiency is measured by:

Percentage of recycled content

High reclamation rate

Low discard rate (industry goal is zero steel waste sent to landfills)

Steel is an exceptional performer, however the reclamation

rate of steel materials is not currently considered by LEED.

Recycled Steel and LEEDRecycled Steel and LEED


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Recycled Content - LEED Materials andResources Credit 4

Steel building products contribute toward points under LEED

Materials and Resources Credits 4.1 and 4.2.

Objective: The use of materials with recycled content such that the sum of

post-consumer recycled content plus one-half of the pre-consumer content

constitutes at least 10% (1 point) or 20% (2 points), based on cost, of the

total value of the materials in the project.

Recycled Content


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Regional Materials - LEED Materials &Resources Credit 5

Designed to encourage the use of building materials extracted and

manufactured within the region (within 500 miles) of the project

site, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources andreducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation.

Because of the high recycling rate of steel, it cannot be traced to

its original source. For this reason, manufacturers are not in a

position to make any statement beyond the recycled content andplace of manufacture.

Regional Materials


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Objective 5

Describe the integration of

the International Green

Construction Code (IgCC)

Objective 5


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International Green Construction Code (IgCC)

Sponsored by the ICC, AIA, ASTM, ASHRAE, USGBC, and IES

Focus on commercial building design and performance with intent

to reduce negative impacts on environment and building

occupants Establishes minimum requirements related to:

Conservation of natural resources, materials, & energy

Employment of renewable energy technologies

Indoor/outdoor air quality

Operations and maintenance



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International Green Construction Code (IgCC)The Code is intended to be:

Comprehensive: The IgCC applies to the construction of traditional andhigh-performance buildings, structures, and systems, including alterations,and additions.

Integrated: The IgCC has been designed to coordinate and integrate withthe health and safety features of existing I-Codes and existing ratingsystems such as LEED.

To be published March 2012

Consensus Based: ICCs open, governmental

consensus code development process ensures thatkey stakeholder voices have been heard throughoutthe process.



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International Green Construction Code (IgCC)The Code is intended to be:

Adaptable: The IgCC is a model code, requiring adoption by a governingjurisdiction before it becomes law. In this way, the model language can beadapted to address local conditions.

Enforceable: The IgCC creates a regulatory framework for new andexisting buildings.

To be published March 2012

The International Green Construction Code is inthe final stages of development and will be

published in March 2012.



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IgCC and Green Materials Under the code requirements of the IgCC (Public Version 2 draft), a

minimum percentage of green materials (used, recycled, recyclable, bio-

based, indigenous) must be incorporated into a building. Green materials

that qualify for more than one attribute (like steel) can be counted

multiple times.

In contrast to LEED, consideration of

recovered materials is better suited

to steel. This avoids penalizing steel

and encourages continued

development of recycling

infrastructure. Relative to the IgCC

requirements, steel may be classified

as an indigenous material.

IgCC and Green Materials


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Additional Aspects of the IgCC Applicable toSteel Products

Whole building energy efficiency Similar to LEED.

Building Service Life Plan The IgCC utilizes the design life of building

components, such as steel doors and frames, to plan for achieving thedesired service life of the building. Because steel products typically have a

long lifespan, they contribute to extending the actual life of a building.

Waste Management The draft IgCC is

currently similar to LEED in that itconsiders the percentage diversion of

waste generated, though proposed

revisions consider the additional

environmental value of using

prefabricated, minimal scrap/waste items.

Additional Aspects of the IgCC Applicable toSteel Products


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Strong

Durable

Functional

Secure

And also endlessly

recyclable

Steel is:

Steels endless recyclability, high reclamation rate and low discard rate

make an economically andenvironmentally smart choice forconstruction projects.

Steel is:


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Now, the design professional will be able to:

1. Explain basic steel production, the role of recycled steel in this process,and the environmental benefits.

2. Describe construction products made from recycled steel and theadvantages of steel construction, including doors and frames.

3. Discuss the features and applications of steel doors and frames.

4. List LEED credits available when building with steel.

5. Describe the integration of the International Green Construction Code

(IGCC).

Course Review

GreenCE, Inc. 2012


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Steel Door Institute

30200 Detroit Road

Westlake, Ohio 44145

www.steeldoor.org

Phone: 440-899-0010

FAX: 440-892-1404

Email: [email protected]

Course Number:

GSD08A

An AIA Continuing Education Program

Credit for this course is 1 AIA HSW/SD CE Hour




steel design course

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