PowerPoint Presentation

Presented by :-

Ar. MOHAMMED AZMATULLAH

M.Arch , Building Services

J.M.I. New Delhi.

STEEL IN ARCHITECTURE

CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

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HISTORY OF STEEL IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Important milestones in Architecture was development of iron and steel in construction.

Mill at Derby- 1793

By William Strut, wooden beams sheeted in iron

Dithering Flax Mill-1797 first fully integrated iron-framed building, oldest iron framed building in the world, by Charles Bage

Steel Buildings Symbol of Modern Architecture

1780-1840Cast IronArched shaped bridges up to 30 m span1840-1890Wrought IronSpan up to 100 m1870-1920Bessemer ConverterIntro. Carbon Steel1920- To DateThird most popular material after Concrete and Timber

Steel is crucial in development of economy and is considered as backbone of human civilization.

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Orrells Mill-1834

by William Fairbairn, Hollow circular cross section in it cast iron columns

E.V. Haughwout Building -1840

by Daniel Badger Cast iron faade became popular replaced masonry Wall

Cristalpalace.1851

bySir Joseph Paxton,

Exhibition building, 564m long, with an interior height of 39m

First Leiter Building 1879

by William LeBaron

Building constructed with a skeleton frame cast-ironcolumns supporting wrought-iron beams

Metropolitan Life tower -1909

SPECIALLY DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND WIND LOADS

19th Century Train Station (3-hinge arch)

HISTORY OF STEEL AROUND THE WORLD

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John Hancock Center 1969

Used the KHAN inspired Trussed-Tube bracing

Bruce Graham

Sears Tower-1974

Designed by both khan Graham, bundled tube system, Remains tallest building for over 20 years.

WTC 1972 Minoru Yamasaki

Most famous examples

of khans framed Tube system, hollow tube made of Heavy steel box column.

Columns were welded to steel beam at each floor creating a stiff Lattice like structure.

Javits Convention Center U.S

Architect: I M Pei 1986

New Method based in industrialization

DRYCONSTRUCTION

RATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY

RECIYCLING

By this we have been able to construct Stronger and taller structures, while using less Materials.

World 1st bridge

1779

HISTORY OF STEEL AROUND THE WORLD

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M.Arch- J.M.I. New Delhi

STEEL IN INDIAN BACKGROUND

Steel buildings and bridges were being built in the latter part of the 19th century and early 20th century during the British era,

In the post-independence era, in the 1950s, steel traditionally used to set up public and private factories, plants, ports, railways, etc

Essentially structures in which architecture plays an insignificant role and projects largely managed by engineering professionals from design to construction.

This usage pattern continued up to the 1990s.

its inherent properties ensured that it commanded a high level of comfort with engineers.

The Howrah Bridge is a cantilever bridge

West Bengal,1942, Total length 705 m

C.S.T Mumbai

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THE FUTURE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION IN INDIA

The industry and infrastructure are currently the main contributing to the overall demand of steel structures in India.

Usage of structural steel is currently driven by exception rather than practice.

The buildings in India is presently dominated by concrete.

The building segment has been slow to adopt.

This is expected to change in the future,

Volvo-Eicher headquarters GURGAON, NCR

The corporate is designed to be a state of the art steel building which uses the least amount of energy and resources possible in its day to day functioning.

Work in Progress

World Architecture Award Winner.

New trend:-

Structural steel selectively used in the construction of high-rise buildings with 2-4/ projects/ year in India, mainly in metropolitan cities those are constrained by limited land availability.

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STEEL IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

Today steel buildings are best known for

diversity of their shapes

their architectural expressiveness.

Which make them more reliable than other types of structures.

Steel Usage :-Facades

- Bridges

- Roofing- Entrances- Windows and Doors- Interiors- Streetscapes- Sculpture

Grades Usage profile DUPLEXCorrosive / marine environments 316 Mostly exteriors where close to seaside / corrosive environment roofing, facia and cladding 304 Interiors, Exteriors, Roofing, Railings, cladding and aesthetic embellishments 430 Interior usages, false ceilings, trims and decorative furnishings Low Ni Interior usages, railings and other embellishments involving less draw in non corrosive environment

steel buildings have evolved into various specific types

which can be storage, places of work, living accommodation, and others.

The evolution of steel frame construction in the 20th century entirely changed the concept of the Wall and the support.

Steel is typical because of high tensile and compressive strengths

steel is used for buildings for both practical and aesthetic reasons

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STEEL IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

Due to the high strength of steel, the strength of these buildings is unmatched compared to other building materials.

It is essential when one desires to have a building with a strong foundation for use with long life.

TheCCTV Headquartersis a 234m, 44-storyskyscraper, in China

Towers Lean at 60o angles and kink at right angles at the top

Cantilever overhang starts after 36 floors and is 13 floors high.

The towers cantilever 75m outwards

Next, steel buildings save time and money as compared to conventional building systems.

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M.Arch- J.M.I. New Delhi

STEEL IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE INDIA

Living Steel Restello

Restello the steel apartment, by UK architects Piercy Conner

Winner of the Living Steel International Architecture Competition in 2006,

Galvanized and painted steels are used for corrosion protection and to ensure a long life for the apartments.

Ready to go to market in Kolkata, India.

The steel used in this building fits the climate Of Kolkata Dampness is the major factor . skin of the building comprises one permeable outer layer of perforated steel screens, and a second inner skin of floor to ceiling glazing.

The scheme won not only because of its bold, elegant design, but because of the strong concept of cross-ventilation and solar-shading

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M.Arch- J.M.I. New Delhi

Sendai Mediatheque

Itis a library inSendai,Japan. It was designed byToyo Itoin 1995 and completed in 2001.

The Sendai Mediatheque is a mixed-program public facility building.

The Mediatheque's seven levels of facilities offer a range of services including a conventional book-lending library, collection of film and audio recordings with stations for viewing and editing, a theatre, a cafe.

The seven platforms are supported by what Ito calls "characterizing" architectural elements

A forest of 13 non-uniform tubes which appear to rise fluidly through the building.

Floor area 21,682 m

CASE STUDY

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Structure and materials

The structure of the Sendai Mediatheque is composed of three main elements: tubes, plates and skin.

The four tubes closest to the outer corners of the plates were designed to resist a 400 year earthquake,

The most striking structural elements are the tubes, composed of thick steel pipes; they range in size from 7 to 30 feet In diameter.

The floor slabs are composed of a honeycomb like network of steel sections in filled with light weight

Concrete, allows the plate to span between irregularly spaced vertical supports without beams, and minimal thickness of the slab itself.

while the others resist the vertical gravity loads. As a test to its integrity, the building survived the March 2011 earthquake with little to no damage.

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Tubes appear to be continuous, they were actually manufactured in floor-height segments and were assembled sequentially, floor-by-floor.

The tubes have vertical circulation of air, water, electricity, light and people within the building.

Because tubes creates link with the floor they often glazed to provide fire protection between floors

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Volvo Eicher Building, India

By Ar. ROOMI KHOSLA

Long spans, open plan commercial office space

Broad gate Tower London spans over railway lines

Tubular steel in 6 story entrance atrium at Tower Place, London

Cannon Place, London

S.I.A. MUMBAI

JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU STADIUM

SOME RECENT WORKS ON STEEL

Beijing Birds Nest Stadium

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STAINLESS MASTERPIECES/STEEL IN FACADES

CHRYSLER TOWERS, USA, Grade : 302

Cloud Gate

Designed by Anish Kapur at Chicago

10 mtr x 20 mtr x 13 mtr - Grade : SS 304

PETRONAS TOWERS K L,Grade :304 / 316

METRO RTA BLDG - TOKYO

Grade : SS 304

INDL ECONOMIST, CHENNAI

Grade : SS 304

8 Spruce Street, By Ghery

2011 BUILT YEAR

76 FLOORS

The south faade, is flat but the other three faades are rippled.

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M.Arch- J.M.I. New Delhi

STEEL IN FACADES

Different from double-grazing concept, faade design using louver was investigated for adapting climates, effective to renew the design of the building

EXTERIOR FACADES

Particularly well suited for the facades of buildings, steel is a functional, practical, and long lasting material with a universal aesthetic appeal.

SUN SHADING

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PARKS & RECREATION

ART & SCULPTURES

LANDSCAPE FURNITURE

FLOOR GRATES

VERTICAL Columns

Because of its exceptional properties, It has been chosen for a variety of applications.

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M.Arch- J.M.I. New Delhi

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Ar. Azmat & Ar.Salahuddin

Arup Campus, Solihual

Service routing for localized temperature control though

regular web openings

Stiffened large web opening in a steel beam, Routing through and between steel beams

LARGE SPACES AND BEAMS USAGE

The use of long span sections for buildings creates large, open and flexible spaces.

Using steel columns instead of concrete ones could deliver around 40 square meters of additional floor area on 1000 square meter office floor plates.

Thin floor systems allow appreciable gains

in vertical space.

Angelina beam

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M.Arch- J.M.I. New Delhi

DIAGRID STRUCTURES

The diagrid structural system has been widely used due to structural efficiency and aesthetic potential provided by the unique geometric configuration.

Hearst Tower (New York City)

30 St MaryAxeEngland

This a system of triangulated beams, straight or curved, and horizontal rings that together make up a structural element for a skyscraper.

Fixing and joinery of

Steel section

MyZeil

Germany

Capital Gate

Diagrid is a design

Which creates triangular structures with diagonal support beams.

Diagrid structures providing great structural efficiency without vertical columns

save Approximately 20% of structural steel weight when Compared to a conventional moment-frame structures.

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The steel structure have high strength hence, steel member can resist high load with comparatively light weight

The steel members are gas and water tight because of high density steel.

Steel members can be readily replaced or re assembled increased sanitary conditions, environment conservation, and flexibility

Steel offers design flexibility, Steel structures are easy to install.

Steel iscost effectiveand rarelyfluctuates in price.

Steel allows for improved quality of construction and less maintenance, while offering improved safety and resistance.

High strength

Ductility

Choice of coatings

Can use In Different types

Durability

Zero maintenance

Lower Life Cycle Cost

Heat conductivity: steel conducts heat 310 times more efficiently than wood.

Corrosion: Faulty design leads to thecorrosionofironand steel in buildings.

However, it is weaker in fire resistance for steel will lose strength and deform serious at higher temperature (at 600oC or above). This can be improved by applying fire resistant plaster

ADVANTAGE

DIS ADVANTAGE

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CONCLUSION

Strong internal demand and emphasis on developing infrastructure can be expected to remain the foundation of Economic growth.

Industry and infrastructure segments can be expected, the key demand drivers for steel structures in India over the next 5 years.

Presently, structural steel industry employs the on-site model of fabrication for industry and infrastructure segments.

Workshop delivery model is prevalent in PEB and buildings segment.

Overall, there is good potential for steel structures in India owing to robust economic growth, increased government spending on infrastructure and change in mindset with regards to use of structural steel in building.

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REFERENCES.

atlassteels.com.au/site/pages/stainless-steel-in-architecture.php

buildingssteel.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/steel-buildings-history-to-latest-technology/

nickelinstitute.org/NickelUseInSociety/MaterialsSelectionAndUse/ArchitectureBuildingAndConstruction/ArchitectureAndBuilding.aspx

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_building

e-architect.co.uk/india/living_steel_restello.htm

steelconstruction.info/Multi-storey_office_buildings

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel

cityrealty.com/nyc/financial-district/new-york-by-gehry-8-spruce-street/35081

visual.ly/evolution-impact-steel-architecture visual.ly/evolution-impact-steel-architecture

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagrid

pritzkerprize.com/media/2013_media/images-download

mbss-india.com/News-Articles-Features/?p=268

indian-architects.com/en/projects/30777_Volvo_Eicher_Headquarter

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THANKS

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Ar. Azmat & Ar.Salahuddin