steering fundamentals
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Four Principles of Steering Design:
1. Ackerman Steering Geometry
2. Caster
3. Camber
4. Center point Steering
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Ackerman Steering Geometry:
Having the front wheels turn at two different angles as you go around a corner
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Why do you need Ackerman steering Geometry?
Answer: So the tires won’t be pushed or dragged.
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Why do you need Ackerman steering Geometry?
Each tire travels along a different radius of a circle
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Ackerman Steering Principle:
Extreme dragging of a tire!
How does Ackerman Steering How does Ackerman Steering Geometry work?Geometry work?
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Ackerman Steering Review:
Allows the front wheels to turn on two different angles when the vehicle is turning.
The inside wheel will be on a greater angle than the outside wheel due to the fact it is traveling around a tighter radius.
Reduces tire wear and the vehicle would slow during cornering.
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Caster:Is used for stability and a self-centering effect
The vehicle must be stable at working speed.
This is usually achieved by inclining the kingpins.
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Why do we need Caster?So we can steer easily in a straight line.
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How is Caster achieved?… By inclining the kingpin!
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How does it look on a chopper?
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Caster Principle Review:
Caster allows the vehicle to drive in a straight line easily. The greater the Caster angle, the easier it is to drive straight, but the harder it is to turn around a corner.
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Why do you need Camber?
Answer: Increases the handling of your vehicle
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How does Camber work?
Answer: It brings more of
the tire surface into contact with the road
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Camber is measured by the difference in the distance between the tops and the bottoms of the tires.
Neutral Camber: when the tires are parallel.Negative Camber: the tops of the tires are closer together than the bottoms.Positive Camber: the tops of the tires are further apart then the bottoms.
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Camber Review:
Increases the handling of your vehicle
Brings more of the tire surface into contact with the road when cornering!
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Center point Inclination:
minimizes bump and brake steer by kingpin inclination (side-to-side).
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Center point Inclination:
How does it work?
The kingpin axis meets the ground at or near the contact point of the tire – the so-called 'center point'
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Center point Inclination:PURPOSE
Reduce steering bump and brake pull which might affect the steering.
If just one of the front wheels is braked, or both are braked unevenly, the forces pass through the kingpin axes and not affect the steering.
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Center point Inclination:
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Center point Steering
Review:
Kingpin axis meets the ground where the tire contacts the road, know as the Center point.
Reduces steering bump and brake
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Useful web sites for information:• http://www.eland.org.uk/steer_intro.html• http://www.ihpva.org/com/
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