Stefan Reimann, Empa, Switzerland

Ground-based Networks for Measuring Ozone- and Climate-Related Trace Gases

Cape Matatula, Am. Samoa

Cape Grim, Tasmania

Jungfraujoch, Switzerland

Ground-based Continuous Networks

Column measurements: NDACC

In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE

Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks

CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions

CCl4: sources and sinks: an update

“new” CFCs

HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions

climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

Overview

Ground-based Continuous Networks

Column measurements: NDACC

In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE

Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks

CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions

CCl4: sources and sinks: an update

“new” CFCs

HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions

climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

Overview

Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC)

FTIR network

Results of NDACC

Provided by E. Mahieu,University of Liège

in-situ Measurements NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE

NOAA/ESRL Halocarbon Surface and Aircraft

Sampling Network

AGAGEContinuous Halocarbon in-situ

Sampling Network

Results of ground-based in-situ networks for CFCs and chlorinated solvents

Global emission:12-box model

Concentrations

Results of ground-based in-situ networks for CFCs and chlorinated solvents

Emissions

Ground-based Continuous Networks

Column measurements: NDACC

In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE

Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks

CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions

CCl4: sources and sinks: an update

“new” CFCs

HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions

climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

Overview

NOAAAGAGE

Emissions with Lifetime = 26 yr

Results of ground-based in-situ networks for Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) issue

Emissions derived from measurements

Potential Emissions =Production – Feedstock

Emissions derived from UNEP reporting

Results of ground-based in-situ networks for Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) issue

Possible reasons for the discrepancy:1. Emissions from production/feedstock/destruction?2. Emissions from old industrial sites/landfills?3. Estimated atmospheric lifetime (26 yr) too small?

UNEP emissions

1600 railway freight carsemitted per year

Emissions (T=26 yr)

Results of ground-based in-situ networks for Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) issue

Ground-based Continuous Networks

Column measurements: NDACC

In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE

Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks

CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions

CCl4: sources and sinks: an update

“new” CFCs

HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions

climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

Overview

0

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1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

An

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[Gg

]

Mix

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rat

io [p

pt]

Date [years]

Firn reconstruction, NH

Cape Grim, SH

Cape Grim fit

Global emissions

Laube et al., Nature Geoscience, 2014

Results of ground-based in-situ networks “New” ozone-depleting susbtances

chlorofluorocarbon: CFC-112

Laube et al., Nature Geoscience, 2014

Results of ground-based in-situ networks “New” ozone-depleting susbtances

chlorofluorocarbon: CFC-113a

0

0.5

1

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2.5

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3.5

0.0

0.1

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0.5

1962 1972 1982 1992 2002 2012

An

nu

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[Gg

]

Mix

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ratio

[ppt

]

Date [years]Concentrations: very low, partly increasingEmissions: low, partly increasing

“New” ODSs:

Ground-based Continuous Networks

Column measurements: NDACC

In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE

Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks

CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions

CCl4: sources and sinks: an update

“new” CFCs

HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions

climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

Overview

Results of ground-based in-situ networks for ozone-depleting substances

Concentrations Emissions

Concentrations: still increasingEmissions: total ~stable

HFCF-141b reincreasing?

HCFCs:

Results of ground-based in-situ networks Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Concentrations Emissions

Concentrations: increasingEmissions: increasing

HFCs:

Ground-based Continuous Networks

Column measurements: NDACC

In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE

Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks

CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions

CCl4: sources and sinks: an update

“new” CFCs

HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions

climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

Overview

Emissions as CO2-Equivalents:Ozone-depleting substances and HFCs

Emissions as CO2-Equivalents:Ozone-depleting substances and HFCs

Proposal to amend the Montreal Protocol to include HFCs

http://ozone.unep.org/Meeting_Documents/mop/22mop/MOP-22-5E.pdf

• Long-lived ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are mainly behaving as expected

• CCl4 sources estimated from measurements are higher than reconciled by inventories

• New ODSs have been detected in the atmosphere, but their influence on stratospheric ozone is still negligible

• HFCs as replacement compounds are increasing and CO2 equivalent emissions are similar to CFCs and HCFCs

• Continuous measurements of ozone-depleting substances are needed to check trends and compliance with international Protocols

Conclusions

Contributions from:NOAA(ESRL)

AGAGEBradley Hall (NOAA)

Emmanuel Mahieu (Uni. Liège)Johannes Laube (UEA)

Thank you for your attention!